The Information State Approach to Dialogue Management

30 downloads 134 Views 411KB Size Report
David R. Traum. University of Southern California enstitute for Creative Technologies rstvx yizi {ay, arina del Вey California ДЖtДt USЙ. КЛНПРСiУК. ПХУ.ЦЧП.
       !" ##$&%$ ' () *+&,)  +&- -. /0214365879;:=0@? A BDC2EGFIHKJMLNEPOGQSRUTVWRYXZOP[2HKJNC]\_^Y`aE TbRYJNCcEd^eKCZLNO6EGOdXZOfH TgR>Jh\ JiHj^YO6EPF>HlkmHjnM[ZCmRY`PRpoqE6HML r>sutwvMxy E zKE{|^gQg};~S^>JKEPC^€qHK`@‚ƒHMQS\_^Y`aE TgR>JKC2Ed^…„‡† t „ t BˆVZ‰ ŠŒ‹Žbg_‘’ “jŠp” K•f“g” –j—> ˜4™ 0cš=0ˆ›œž0ˆŸ> D› ¡¢HŒ£c^YJNO6¤¥HNCcOƒRUT¦DEPCuouXZEaLNO6EdnML§}¥¨žR>OG[2HKCm©KXZJdoªBDC2EGF>HNJMLNEPOGQb}¬«­RK® t †u† V2¯ ° x †>± s †l¨RY² OŒHg©jRYJdog}­Vm³_Hj€uHNC •§´ ‘´ ’ µK¶u” ¶>Y” •f– ·|¸4¹gºI»I¼2½Zº ¾ ¿ÀaÁ2ÂpÃNÄZÅwÆmÇg¿¥ÂpÈm¿ÀaÁ2ÉfÄYÃNÊ¥ËqÂpÀPÄYÁÍÌjÂjËuÂj¿Ë>ÎcÎ2ÃNÄuËqÇMÈÂjÄ¥ÅZÀPËYÏPÄqÐYÆm¿Ê¥ËYÁmËuÐq¿gÊ¥¿KÁ2ÂgÑ Ë>ÁŁÌpÈmÄYÒ"ÈmÄ>Ò"ÀP ÇgË>ÁÔÓW¿­ÆmÌj¿gÅ|ÂjÄÉfÄYÃNÊ¥Ë>ÏaÀPÕg¿ÂpÈm¿gÄYÃjÀP¿g̞Ä>É4ÅZÀPËYÏPÄqÐYÆm¿ÖÀaÁSËÊ¥ËYÁ2× Ám¿KÃÌpÆ2ÀPÂjËYÓ2ÏP¿hÉfÄ>Ã=¿gËuÌj؁ÀPÊhÎcÏP¿bÊ¥¿KÁ2ÂjËuÂpÀPÄ>Á4Ù¢¾Ú¿ÛËYÏPÌjāÌpÈmÄYҝÈmÄYÒ8ÂpÈcÀPÌ=ËYÎ2ÎcÃNÄqËuÇjÈ ÇgË>ÁÚÏP¿bËuÅ]Âjĥӈ¿gÂjÂj¿NÃÛ¿KÁÐ>ÀaÁ¿b¿KÃjÀaÁÐÄYɃÅZÀPËYÏPÄuÐ>Æ¿|Ê¥ËYÁmËuÐq¿gÊ¥¿KÁ2ÂÛÇgÄqÊhΈÄYÁm¿KÁ2ÂjÌÛÄYÉ ÅZÀPËYÏPÄqÐYÆm¿¥ÌjØZÌjÂj¿gÊ¥ÌgÑ2ËYÏaÏPÄ>Ò ÀaÁmЅɌÄYÞÌj¿KÎmËYÃNËqÂj¿Åc¿bÜu¿KÏPÄ>ÎÊ¥¿NÁ2ÂÄYÉDÊ¥ÄZÅZÆ2ÏPËYÃÌjØZÌjÂj¿bÊ É6Æ2ÁmÅcËqÊ¥¿KÁ2ÂjËYÏPÌgÑDÅZÀPËYÏPÄuÐ>Æ¿ÂpÈm¿gÄYÃjÀP¿bÌgшËYÁmÅÅcÄqÊ¥ËYÀaÁ2×§ÌpΈ¿gÇKÀaÝmǁÅwÀPË>ÏPÄuÐYÆm¿ÌjØZÌjÂj¿gÊ¥ÌgÑ ÀaÁÞËÊ¥Ë>ÁcÁm¿KÃÒ Èm¿KÃN¿¥ÇgÄqÊhΈÄYÁm¿KÁ2Âj́ÇgË>ÁßÊ¥ÄYÃN¿¿gËqÌpÀaÏPØ]ӈ¿¥ÃN¿KÆÌj¿bÅ@Ùà4ÃjÀaÁmÅwÀPáÀP ÀPÌËßÂjÄZÄYÏÀaÁmÌjÂjËYÁ2ÂpÀPËqÂpÀaÁÐâÂpÈm¿ãÏPÄ>Ò ¿gÌjÏP¿gÜu¿NÏfÑhË>ÁÅâËYÏaÏPÄ>Ò ÀaÁmНÌjÂpÃNËYÀPÐYÈ2ÂpɌÄYÃNÒ Ë>ÃNÅ ÀPÊhÎ2ÏP¿gÊ¥¿NÁ2ÂjËuÂpÀPÄYÁäÄYÉÅZÀPËYÏPÄqÐYÆm¿ÚÂpÈm¿gÄ>ÃjÀP¿gÌÔÉfÄ>ÃNÊ¥ËYÏaÀPÕb¿gÅ"ÆÌpÀaÁmÐßÂpÈ¿ÀaÁcɌÄYÃNÊ¥ËqÂpÀPÄYÁ ÌjÂjËqÂj¿¬Ë>ÎcÎ2ÃNÄuËqÇMÈDÙ ¾¿ ÓcÃjÀP¿Nå؁Å2¿gÌjÇKÃjÀaӈ¿Ìj¿gÜq¿KÃNËYÏWÅwÀPË>ÏPÄuÐYÆm¿ÌjØZÌjÂj¿gÊ¥Ì_ÓcÆ2ÀaÏP ÆÌpÀaÁmÐ à4ÃjÀaÁmÅwÀPáÀPÂgўË>ÁÅßÈÄ>ÒæÇgÄuÊhÎWÄYÁm¿KÁ2ÂjÌÔÈmË>Üu¿ÔÓW¿g¿KÁÞÌpÆÇbÇg¿gÌjÌpÉ6Æ2ÏaÏPØçÉ6Æ2ÃNÂpÈm¿KÁÅ2¿gÜu¿KÏa× Ä>Έ¿gÅËYÁmÅlÃN¿KÆmÌj¿gÅÔÀaÁÄqÂpÈ¿NÃÎ2ÃNÄYèj¿bÇgÂjÌgÙ élêZëˆìÛ툻gî ¹uïðžÀPËYÏPÄuÐ>Æ¿ñË>ÁËqÐu¿gÊ¥¿NÁ2ÂgÑÀaÁcÉfÄ>ÃNÊ¥ËuÂpÀPÄ>Á]ÌjÂjËqÂj¿uÑ2à4ÃjÀaÁÅZÀPáÀPÂgÑóòÄuð¬Àdôшõ_ðöpô ÷Ûø

ù4úhûDü ýþlÿ ûNýÛú

        !  " ## $ %&(')$*+ %$ ,-. / %,  0 !+1(2-'+,. 0# $-#3$ '(0+ %$ ,-4'' 0' 57687'9;:$($-/ # ?('>@ ## $- %((' A ('?#3((+ %=BC $ ((DE $-FG'' 0'4 H'G#(( IJ ? %'?K'*D8$- *LM=(N?(' 0' OC HP( Q('>=,(!5SRT >(U V''?WDX$- Y

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

9 #3J %+,?*+ %$ ,-1($-(2- $-# (( ($0/  %$- P$ ?W? %4# $J(( P?M'-'>   P$ G ($0/  %+,B %,  ' AP1?(B- ??> ' A @ $ 4$ ? 4'>$%DX L M %,  B

6 # $%CU,1($-(2-/E #  "(2#((G %$-')DX$ 7U # (? %$-0$VD $P/

' C (B',- %'* %'($-0 %C 0P  OC=$ , X 5 ,J5+AJ %? P V' A!#+  (A C + DE %(+, L? ? %'G#K %$ %+S# $-(('>'+D (2( $-B0$J A$ ? 4P %(K%/E  '' E  (A$0($-$ + %*+ %$ ,-  $/EU V=$,-P  OC-$-   V'$-+, F ((+,BL %($  4$(2# (''(2  L B>$(2# (''M

+$-0B$%DG('=$'   %G  % (=$'( / (+ %>( $S$ ? D G/ $-' A- '$JA% 5 ,5+A%$-0,-9L 9$. OC 4?4'? 0'>$%DX L 9($#$-  ? %"W  %, ('9?M($-(2"#J V(' %(? %H# DX$- > ($-(2 / P %'(+ / # (? %$- A) %=(C+ %+, ? ((QD8$- 1($-0 %$-'# (? %$-'*$B?1$ ? (56  G='M %' A3DE $- $- M#$U $%D!C-(L.AL4L4$-H'G 0? V ?'0$J=G  XL(? 94'4 %=( H > *+ %$ ,- I  %,  A @$ !'$0 $ G   2 !' # DX$- >0+,@P3$ ?1+ %$ ,-  %, 0   .$ G !+ %$ ,-4''  DE($-J '   5 ,J5 A + # (? V$- (K5 I *$%D?(' ((='>=$' P$-1L& D (>=$'.$S %=$ %W$BL&N($-#3$- L ' 8 

        



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



 $ù4ú uýü ûMýhú¥ûû |ü ý9

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

        

' (4$%D3;&-*! 4$'!,464? %4L ? , ,  )?*#J %>$%D7?+D8$- /  V$- '? % 5 ('L ,   > %=Q %'$ P3($-  (+ %>( L?N(2- /  % # D8$- 0( V($-' A9'?( %'0#  + ((' 57R ($#(*?($- K B'  5 *+ %$ ,-00$%C ('4L P*?*'G 0*0$%C ('4? % *'( + ?+ %$ ,.'? VG($-  A?*#J %. >=('ML P*G? > '$-'+ 0+' $- $-/E( >0+='> A ( 5 

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

 ø"

|ýÖü+  ,lü žúhûûJNýÛú 





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

*U V=$,- 0$%C ('B S$%D8  ($-((C (F$%D %' -H " "  IA21+ ?S' '> $%D  +  A 9 (AJPM?'*'.$ @ ((' ,-0 (*L? =+K%(+$$-' 5 -* (2 #.+D8$-  V$-B'G %*?($-  '('$=B L4$0$%C (' A &6J  &,? %1='*( , ( %' ?*+ %$ ,-# $ ,- (''(' 5  V& .($-''>'$%D 0'($%D ## P+  ($-/ =>=$'@ S 0'($VD G!((' 5). ## P=   ($-$-'*'?#3((;D8 %'?#3(('

        

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

 F (A4  $  0$%C B? ('$- D $- ?  

 D" # $#$ '$- ('$ C+,H?*('$- '+BG*'? ( P3(=GD8G'  (5

 6 C  F   

 øA@

ºgê ˆ»g¼2ºgê4눹g·¹ Ü>ËYÏ  + , " 6 шËqÌ6ÆÌpÃ>Ñ    ÉfÌj <   5 0 !0"0 ÑZÃNË>ÀPÌj¿  c Î m Æ p Ì " È  +-, 00" 120" Ñ" !!   ΈÄYÎ"   " !"  2 52  ¹gê6# êZ½Zºg·¹  $ ÉfÌj <   " !" ÑZÃNËYÀPÌj¿%  !! $ Ìj¿g !' & 6?  Ñ2ËuÌ 

»g¼2ºgêÔ( ¹bê2»I· ¹gìÛê2» 2 52  ºgêˆ Ü>ËYÏ  + , " 6 шË> ÁÌjÒ ¿NÃ6ÆÌpÃ>Ñ .KÑ , ÉfÌj + , " 12" Ñ  *)+ " 6G ËYÁ2Â.3245 " 6G   = ÀaÁ" +-, "?  Ñ"6  " 6 ÏPÜu¿gÌ 6hÑ" !!  $ ΈÄYÎ" +-, " 12"  M Í  þ û  û4ü  ûG BB 

2 52 

R$-, L?S?'>(.$%D#J VH (' A9 B'>?  %(,BD8$- *$%L $ ##S? ('"'4(((!5"'4' A +(U VJD8$- 7?M(',-

Y $%D?B ('HG 0'(C (' 5 =*C   S#  + #3J %B'G  %(,  A7$-B O (( >$  K%. %J #? V$-'>$H?0 (' A! S#  #'. V='>$ %'G#(('*$%D G UD8$- W %$-S'G %'( DA7UN$-  $ ,  ( #  U  .'>(  ($- $VD LM(? *$  OC W' #  %> '?  %>(, ('0DX$ 0&$$ '+,  !  H #('$%D#3J %S ('  85  5+A DX$- W$-P' / C %$-  '>(=((>=$ $VD.U V=$,- 0$%C (B' (A  L(? W?('S# $((''('  BP1$-  (B$- %'& $$-' ##=(! 5 +$- *$%D G* #(' $%D #3J % '?  %>(, ('L4. C($-'>= ( +(+ 

9 7 K%M?*I ' .G % ##=('GX=>  %C (  $H ('* ##  6 R*##B %&B >=  D" ## P2MU '( ( C R*## ('@ %(($ +,H$0(+ %'' F $$ '. 0$-, ## PH ('@'>U,B# $-P P='0+DX$  %$- 

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ÃNÇMÈ2ÀPÂj¿gÇgÂpÆ2ÃN¿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

ø

 Ný BÛÿ ED ý F âú B4Nú ßýý *jû

*(C ($-#+,@ + %$ ,-4?($- *'+,*?9+D8$-  %>=$/E'? %4 ## $- V&MG/ ' +P((=((>U,  $ C('$BP# D8$-  (!5'

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

8 6 +(A V' L4(J %'7U DE %( L

ªü!Nú|þ  jû 

A

Y: Control Dialogue Move Engine (DME) (update)

(update)

Output

output

next_moves

Generation

program_state

latest_moves

Resource Interface

latest_speaker

Interpretation

input

Input

(update)

Optional component Obligatory component IS :

(Information State Type)

database dialogue grammar plan library

y E ouXZJiH rWVPsV à Èm¿àöð¢ö;ðñõ¬ÃNÇjÈcÀPÂj¿gÇbÂpÆcÃN¿ C + P(')D8$- !($0= V+,L =G.+ , %, # $((''+,00$-J(' $-/ =+,-'>=* ('$ (('2:%? *+ %$ ,- IS$%C   , + A($-''+,*$%DJ$-4$- 70$- 

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

Y (;IJ  %!0$J=('OAJL?B V''$(U V( + DE %(*C U P=('O5 R@# !DE $-F?4,   > %J (((? GI (< P$%C  A + (M# $%C-(' GI =>=$'*$%D J %? V #('% DX$ "'>*U 6 +=$B H$?# A0(?/ $-'4D8$- ($- C +, 0'4DE $- $-*  #3*$ $ ? (A0(?$'4D8$- )C-'? V= U'G#((+,Q?  6 + A   P, ,U, D %((' 5 7 + (MH$('$ 0=>'( D '?#(( D8 #  + )?($- $VD + %$ ,/ +'> %!A=# $%C('"GP=/ U,*P$-(K' 1+D  V'? (? 9D8$- +# 0 +,. !    U V=$,-4?($- (' U  0' $%D 6 +   #3 AJ#J %> (' A+ %$ ,  $ C(' A( 5 +? +,0L?WC  '$- 635 8A-7 + (M@ %'P3( B %J #(B$0 %$ LF / #=00 '$VD +  %(+,'$-  ; $=+0   ;)$-+ "*1/54 JA 9(A7L( '('B Q(2 '$- $VD?B+DX$  O/ $-'>? %G($- H'(B %' W(2 #+  +(($-  6A =$Q$%D+DX$  %$-Q'>? %BP %'( $-  7$-('$  7   A 9 (5 I $ (G %='M$%D G('. B$ ? 47 + (M=*'>-'> 0'4 BPMD8$-B+  ;)$ ' "21   4 KA 9(5

Y

@ øg÷

ý

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

 



 

   

 



 ! 







 

6G ! 6 #6  + +-2+ 12"  2 2

   

 



 



    

+-, "

 

   !" 









4





ÝcÁmÅ2ÄYÆmÂÁ2ÂpÈ =$=$0  >? ((C%     A@ '? >B;D ='B (G/ C " '>L" 7>$F, C  0?  >   )+DX$- > %$-W'? %> A %(($- +,.>$.'$-  8#$ '>'+P=B$ %+/E #  B MGI $- $%D9 ('>=$/ 'L4  (=(C% ( 5    !#" $  %&'(*),+.-0/ ÀaÁ + , " 2 шË>ÁÌjÒ ¿NÃ6ÆÌpÃ>Ñ .KÑ 1  , ) ÀaÁ <   5  ! ÑZÝcÁmÅ2ÄYÆm 

- Å2cÅ K¿ ÄqÏ Ê¥ ËYÀa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

@ ø"



A

ù

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

ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg A992 ¿(¿('W'W¿g¿gÇgÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ¿('W¿gÇg ËqÇg ¿('W¿gÇgÂ

öUð / $ Ñ2¼2½Z½Zê&%4ºfð  Ñ öUð $  )+*(*-,+.0/2143 5687-9:;3=(?+147#=7@5@,A14?&B"3Üu¿ f!ð #DqÑ = ð ô  öUð Ñ2¼ ˆ»gêZê f ð  Ñ öUð  ÎcÆmÌp/ $È  + # Ñ ¹g&½ % f!ð  Ñ E3$ §öUð $  öUð Ñ2¼ ¹gìÛê2» f!ð  Ñaöfð Ñ öU!ð F ÎcÆmÌp/ $È  + #  Ñ ¼ ¹ f ð  Ñ 9 §$ öfð $ KGÑ E3§öfð $  öUð Ñ2¼2¹g¹gê2»gº f!ð  Ñ  IH ? ÎcÆmÌp/ $È  + # Ñ ¹g&½ % f!ð  Ñ  IH ? ÎcÆmÌpÈ  #5!" Ñ ¼2½Z½Z&ê %4º fí f!ð ?KÑ öUð J ¹g&½ % fífð!?KÑ  0H ? öUð DuÑ2¼2¹g¹gê2»gº f!ð  Ñ  IH ? ÎcÆmÌp/ È  #5!" Ñ ¼2½Z½Z&ê %4º fí f!ð ?KÑ öUð J ¹g&½ % fífð!?KÑ  0H ? öUð Ñ2L½ K4êZ½ f ð  Ñ  IH  ÎcÆmÌp/ $È     Ñ ¼2î î_»IêZ¹b¹ fí f ð KÑ öUð  ÎcÆmÌpÈ  #5!" Ñ ¼ ˆ»gêZê fí f ð KÑ öUð J$¹g&½ % fð! Ñ  IH ? öUð Ñ2î »gêZ½Zº f ð  Ñ Çg4  ÎcÆmÌp/ $È     Ñ ¼2î î_»IêZ¹b¹ fí f ð KÑ öUð  ÎcÆmÌpÈ  #5!" Ñ ¼2½Z½Z&ê %4º fí f!ð ?KÑ öUð MJ'툸 #fí f ð KÑ =Çg4  öUð Ñ í »I+ê OQP4êZ¹g%º f ð  GÑ R ÎcÆmÌp/ $È    N  Ñ ¼2î î_»IêZ¹b¹ fí f ð KÑ öUð 

 .6 +$B?0$  C% %+ $%D   (5 P 5 7 D8$-  #3J %('7$-*G"P %''9$%D P V&KL '!,- $-+,@ %(>' A 'G& %'   , +,?9($- '!$%D   05  +$  DX$-  / 0D' -PN("%2" " 0*1 5  56 D S$ ?  #  $-' 0'? %4L4 *(C ($-#3( %'# .$%D?B  6 .

6*# $  ((O5IS$- 0(? %'$-SGH?($ ('$VD +D8$- /  %$-S'>? %H =+, G('H'>-'> 0'. QPWD8$- + 8 7   "2175+4 A 9  A(L(? %'9$%DJ?)'-'> 0'7? 0'(C ('7 0P)D8$-.+ ); $ ' "21 5+4 A 9  5  I 6 M

R 1+ ''  '>(' ?

/ 0+ '? (G ('9$%D /7   (* # (- A 9 C 7 %' 1  $- ($-#$  )$%D ')UD8$- W %$-0'G % 5!RM' # 9$VD G $-$ 

/ 1+ L= P'GP$- + %> / + ('"  # ('>  +,*(C  ' 0 $-(+0G" / %$ ,- A- V' L4( %')?  %(K +,*$%D!,- $-+,JA'+, *'>UW#= IJ( C  '$-0$VD G ?($-  # $#$ '(S+ 7$('$ 7  BA 9 ( 5 I +#?($-   # $%C  '  











'( P3$ ? DX$ *#  %,- V V'?#(('*$VD"+ %$ ,-H V(*U # (? %$-S  $+# 0 '$0*$%D9?*($-$- %7('' $-=$=$' AL? $ ? )DE? *('$-'*   %++,=$ %4,- 0('  '$- ( L4$- K' 5 .$#/E=(C( +D8$-  %>=$B'? V*  #3*='. W (($- !A %''?$%L( G %@7 +(M %'*P( S'G((('' DE=  '( %' MD8$-J %$-WD8$- )+# 0 +,H'(C  %J* !   4?($ ('$%D U V=$,- 5 6E< %$- AG+# 0  G %$-'$%D ?MU V=$,-G($- (' C %'$B'?((('' DE P(  G/ '( + ?0(',-S$%D %  %0C  '$-'*$%D ? '-'> 0'4$. V L =G? %. ## $- %( (A  L4$ !  $ %+/E+ #  + %$ ,  $ C* , +('. CP(  G/ C ($-#(  = $ *5 +   .6 +K8P V'2 (:?4D8$-   9+# 0 +,H68''GG/ ;" V'(

*U V=$,-G I  V,  0 G  L&NL %'.(C(=$#( '?  +,BDE $- = U $ P , ' (J- +WDE  0(L4$- ># K (A B?*+ %> +# 0 +,B?  > 7$('$%/ 7   G/ $- ! @  )  (A4 %'B(' UP3( + G # (C-$-' '(($- 5 " $- G(' P %' '-'> 0' A,   G/E'?#3((;IJ*C% + '" OC MP( W(C ($-#( 8 $- 4$- 9('')+ G/ 0  G %=  DX$ . V=+,QL?NU+ /E$-   >( + %$ ,  =*$ *5 +/ 6>A  .6 +(A %($-/E$-  (.+ %$ ,  =*$ *5 +/ER (A 1?$- + %%+ %$ ,-/   ;)((2  4$-  "21 54+A 688 8(!5 "9+ % A C  $-' $ %+/E'?#(( IJM+ %$ ,-4'' 0'  OC  P3( 

0 >?),#:7(@ ACBD

$" #&%('*),+ $- 5687(9 -$./)02143 :# 7(5;6    P'( + '(C  > %!,   ('OAJ, C   ?0 ## $-# U V % / $-'  0$ IJ %$-' 54+  A?'G 0*,   G/E'G#(( IJ0'-'>   BP '(1DX$- '(C  > %  !    ##= %>=$' , C  1?4 ## $-# + %>" ('$ ((' 596E D %(OA-G* %'*$%D = $ *5 +B   . 6 +B 0$'?  %>(' DE ? 4 #*$%D  ' A %''$- @P %'>=0P=+,SP=$(K '4DE $- =*$ *5 +=$'G %P %'>(H?($V/ (' $%D!+ %$ ,- A0 (P VU,1'$-0 L  ##3 ' $. V((('' ?M ('$- ((' %(($- +,'  ;4 K% "21 54+A 6886 (5  

        

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



$-'>? %G/ P %'>(H?($ ('$%D + %$ ,-GXUU,S''  '.$S# (+# % U (L ? V'?K 'O5 'H0 /E=(C('( 0H  %$%L DX$- 00( 0$ H  # # $ ,- ('>'+ + %$ , W  %,  0 (C ($-#    A'+(ML=9P#3$ ''+P DX$- * ( $ G 



















































(C ($-#0 $%D*?DE   (L"$ K # (' (   5NR' ?$- )L %'4'?##$- (BJ +,HG L +,S$%D?' (BP  GG  * # ?0 .$%D?.  0($ ? > %( -0P RM7 R 9O/ O/ M/ 88 F 5 R* 0$-#+$-' AI +, ' ($-(+'$-'4$- (($-0 J V$-'.(2# (''(NU ?'# #3 . 0?$'0$%D"?< ?$- '*  $H$ (((''G    ((G*C-(L'M$%D9? * # ?   4$%D9?*R* 1 5 

ýÖû



(



/

/.10 .12.4365 5 94912 5  

  "!#

$%$&"'$)(*+('-,%$   7 8

7   +8 2 . 9 2. ',::; -$,%$, $,$"$, ')381 C6.'? %>=$' 5 $ H !1 1 &  &1 "*  #"2& B"OA  C  5  /8/

N  1 37A729  3J*D ;T 9 5  $ L ' H V2-$- V / $ %$- $%D + %$ , V(' 5   #"(O+ - ')+)+ +  &7  ) B" "  & J & 1  "*& C(  %8 1 1  "2&'1 "  )* ! H  & &!# #"1 "  !& ) K)B$%,("2$%&'1  G& H )A(#$%1 (/ & !#"O5 # 3D7 6 ;  0' 52B &L  /1!* ;T  < X( (A  H > "2&   #!"(  1 B $ H #1 "*)(57R %  = ) ('' 5 #   %7U ,- %,  5  1E37A729  3J*D ;T! 2 > ; *

Suggest Documents