The Interface between Language and Brain System answers New Age Interpreter Education Yoshinori Inoue Language Laboratory of Inoue Abstract Translators/Interpreters are cultural communicators, cognitive missionaries and narrative professionals. The author believes in perception is the theory. Perceptive apparatuses of multi-senses, i.e. autonomy, knowledge acquisition, vision, and hearing, are matrices in interpreting. Does a language barrier exist? Yes, it does, but sometimes it doesn’t. Why? Because, a heart-to-heart approach often finds breakthrough in international relations. In other words, Heart-to-heart language (the HHL) is the single universal superb language which ultimately bridges differences in language and culture. The empirical philosophy unique to the author has demonstrated practical fruits in teaching to 850 participants. Understanding of ante-utterance process in interpreting is the first and foremost challenge. Practical reasoning, VANA corpus and POSH methodology, generalizes about acquisition of efficient interpreting skills. Moreover, induction-based hypothesis GLINT, Global Languages IN common Theory, explains perceptive correlations between four parts of speech and four cerebral lobes. Verb, adverb, noun and adjective (VANA) are semanti c parts that build images in words. Verbs drive story building due to parietal lobe is at work of which perceives analogy, adverbs implicate emotions by temporal lobe that resonates with phonology of speakers, nouns provide an array of knowledge under frontal lobe where organizes a sequence of comprehension, and adjectives sketch out concrete image due to occipital lobe which mirrors a landscape.
The Parts of Speech Highlighted practice
(PoSH) under the VANA corpus sophisticates message skimming skill. By contrast, conjunction, interjection, pronoun and preposition (CIPP) per se are not semantic players. In conclusion, interdisciplinary collaboration with brain scientists on the ante-utterance studies in interpreter education is extensive academic scheme led to formulate evidence based super-language theory as GLINT.
Key words: Interface, Perception, Brain system, Interpreter education, Super-Language Theory
Introduction Languages are ultimate instruments in communication among the human race. Cultural differences mirror differences of the instrument in which creates language diversity. God has deployed interpreters/translators including you and me. A single superb language or the HHL is neurologically underpinned by the complex brain functions. Why the HHL is not spoken? First and foremost question to the author is to study more about the ante-utterance process that lubricates a tool perception-to-speech, culture-to-culture, the source-to-the target in human brains. In this paper, questions of the interface between four cerebral lobes and four parts of speech in interpreting are explored. A novel proposal, GLINT, unique to the author is the grand theory towards understanding of the interface between the parts of speech and cerebral lobes. Four subject lobes that function as interfaces between perceptive apparatus, e.g., utterance, hearing, knowledge and vision essential to interpreters are the research matrices of the author. In order to maximize the reasoning of the GLINT, the POSH methodology which helps classify the parts into the semantic and the functional in interpreting. More specifically semantic parts, verb, adverb, noun and adjective, VANA in acronym, converges on the GLINT or the HHL. The author’s proposal indispensably excites inter-disciplinary studies between interpreters and scientists including neurologists, statisticians, and corpus linguists. Grand Theory – GLINT, Global Languages IN common Theory Perception is a key element of the theory in the conference interpreter education. Is interpreter artist or language specialist? The author’s answer to the question is artist. Because interpreters instantaneously perform a language conversion through tasks imposed on perceptive distinctions one after another about narratives both textual and contextual. This paper proposes an ante-utterance theory, part-specific methodology and the semantic parts corpus, no other language specialists have ever-never touched upon as the very way of the author’s theorization. Although some may question about the concept of GLINT, it embraces an academic integrity that can be applicable to the interpreter training /education without inter-language boarders. As a matter of course, this is a single universal process in brain-based language interpreting among millions of human language, or the ante-utterance process, in other words. Human speech is sustained by complex brain system, in other words, understanding of cerebral functions can enhance to establish a
common approach, no matter what English, Chinese, Japanese, French, Greek, Russian, Spanish and all others. In this particular regard, the GLINT aims to develop four elemental factors, the spirit of inborn language, emotions, knowledge, and communicable capability. Hypothetically, the spirit of own mother tongue determines verbs, emotions generate adverbs, knowledge is synonymous with a body of nouns, and communicable competence or imaging –into-words skill colorfully performs depictions in adjectives. In addition, the four parts of speech play respective roles as verbs for story building, adverbs for dictions, nouns for the capacity building of literacy, and adjectives for concrete imaging. More precisely under the cerebral function viewpoints, a story building at work in the parietal lobe, dictions at work in the temporal lobe, literacy organization at work in the frontal lobe, likewise some imaging processes at work in the occipital lobe. Thus, a crux of mindset of interpreters while interpreting is neurological actions due to the cerebral functions. The GLINT effectively helps enhance capacity of the inspiration, so that it is applicable to the interpreter educations. Interface Methodology – POSH, Parts Of Speech-Highlighted There are eight parts of speech, namely verb (V), adverb (A), noun (N), adjective (A), conjunction (C), interjection (I), pronoun (P) and preposition (P), in most languages. A group of the first four is abbreviated as VANA in my terms, and the second group is as CIPP. In the quick comparison between the two, every individual word of VANA basically represents a meaning, e.g. action, emotion, knowledge, image, in both literal and verbal forms. In contrast, CIPP per se alone do not represent semantic facts. Moreover VANA play overwhelmed roles in effective semantic scanning, in terms of message skimming, while CIPP are by-players. (See tables 1 and 2.)
The part-specific educational philosophy of the
VANA builds innovative corpus that enhance the capacity of sensory developments of interpreters. More concretely, further understanding of cerebral processes in language conversions will find a lobe-specific academic breakthrough. Language dictionaries are ever-helpful utility instrument, but they are not almighty for acquiring proficiency of contextual comprehension against astronomical ways of spoken form, i.e. complex and complicated nuance, individual diction, cultural context, nature of language and more.
As
a result of those, interpreters are patient players who must be expected to perform miracle tasks, never done and never being made in future, by any of a computer-aided device. Here
brain scientists, those who quickly come to my mind, are essential partners for us, interpreters, in order to share the pinpoint studies, or to understand the interface between cerebral lobes and the parts of speech. This paper proposes a new age cerebral interface corpus, the VANA, which will build a significant milestone towards establishing the state-of-the-art conference interpretation theory which contributes to a crucial part of the linguistic globalization. Cerebral interface corpus – VANA , hypothetical interface between cerebral lobes and the parts of speech; verb, adverb, noun and adjective. Verbs - parietal lobe Basically verbs drive stories and navigate paths toward phase-by-phase understanding of a narrative form. For interpreters, an instantaneous word selection process, or interpreting, of verb is exciting but is risk-taking work as well, in terms of the right-story-path-building mission. A series of adequate verb selections by an interpreter who can move audience time-to-time to know a story and provides messages told by a speaker into a target language of which audience know. To sum this up, interpreters must acquire essential merits in skills of the inference, reflex, on set of utterance, implication, communication, and semantics. Verbs selected are attributed to the performance of the parietal lobe. In this particular regard, or the parietal lobe sophistication, we have been attaching great importance to the intensive exercises such as 1) oral repeating in inborn or source language usually and 2) in the target language as well, 3) verb-specific synonymy, 4) syntax, 5) inversion, and 6) analogy development. Adverbs - temporal lobe Tactically an adverb usage stimulates emotions of audiences. The role of adverbs is flexible and versatile. With the point of implicature, usages of adverbs are not literally reflected in most cases. In this regard, a prudent adverb usage mirrors a clearer degree of perception. As an adverb describes verb, a style of oral speaking reflects the lifestyle of a speaker, which in turn a keen contextual attention to a speaker led to generating appropriate adverbs and its usage by an interpreter. Bearing above in mind, interpreters must acquire 7) the contextual analysis, 8) virtual imaging and 9) voice practice, because the temporal lobe dominantly contributes to the auditory function, memory and language. For the temporal lobe interface exercises are, namely the oral repeating, 10) segmental oral translation; word-to-word, phrase-to-phrase,
and sentence-to-sentence, 11) adverb synonymy, and 12) multi-diction review. Nouns - frontal lobe Obviously nouns occupy the integral part of whole text, general narrative, academic writing and public speaking. According to the category-specific literature parts of speech counting survey done in our laboratory, nouns often occupy 50% or more in most literatures and narratives among eight parts of speech. This result statistically shows that knowledge acquisition or noun aggregation is a universal and persistent concept for life and studies. For interpreters, the noun is synonymous with a building block of knowledge expansion. Acquisition of astronomical number of nouns is not a reachable goal however, acquisition steps of new words in diverse topics enthuses us interpreters/translators. An eagerness to know new knowledge generated is due to the frontal lobe which contributes to the mindset sophistication, in-depth thinking, merit of analysis, and multi-perception capacity. As regard to the frontal lobe function, some of inborn factors including personal interests, culture and individual character are greatly correlated to the knowledge in-depth acquired by an interpreter. Bearing all above in mind, we have persistently attached great importance to developing native language or a thinking keystone. To name some of effective pinpoint training methods applied to the author’s teaching philosophy are: 13) the noun-based construe, 14) comprehension/perception feedback and 15) perception-to-quick summary and 16) image-to-quick summary. Adjectives - occipital lobe Colorfully adjectives describe nouns of which convey clearer images to audience. Languages by and large can limitedly depict a precise landscape of intention a speaker has in written or spoken form alone. A narrative with factors of the speaker’s characteristics, such as diction, physiognomy, clothing, metaphor and connotations and others handles adjective selection process. Thus well-experienced narrative inspires audience to learn better through words translated by an interpreter who can build clear pictures in 3-D imaging or the adjective wording. Interpreters must be a mind reader or an image builder. A theoretical rigor of this particular interface can explain the motor of vision under the occipital lobe that sorts out nuance in detail with adjectives. . The occipital lobe is the pivotal interface in vision, audience psychology, image conveyance, a passion of presenter, and other tangible factors. The importance of auditory concentration is the key philosophy of the author in interpreter education. However in fact,
a factor of visual concentration in interpreting traditionally seems to be put less emphasis on. The author routinely underscore that the factor of vision in interpreting of which dramatically sophisticates the utterance and a sense of tolerability in wording.. A contrivance what is called 17) POSH syllabary (see table 3) is helpful instrument for increasing a warm-up effect of the vision motor which is at work due to the occipital lobe. The A-to-Z syllabary uniquely activates a readiness of verbal onset. This easy but novel practice helps sophisticate the activation of the occipital lobes that lead to acquire efficient usage of adjective. The specific training methods in this realm are: 18) morphological analysis, e.g. dictions, aura, appearance, physiognomy and so forth, 19) textual/contextual semantic comparison, and last but not least is, 20) Joint drill with sign language interpreters. Notes: Numbers 1) through 20) are training methods applied to, routinely. Conclusions In conclusion, there remain further research, data acquisition and analyses towards the establishment of evidence-based theorization, corpus and methodology. However three conceptual rigors; GLINT, POSH and VANA, are novel schemas that offer a trailblazing impact on the new age interpreter educations or the super-language approach. The innovative discipline proposed by the author entails a great deal of collaborations among interpreters, language artists, and scientists including neurologist in particular. I eagerly hope that understanding of the ante-utterance system in interpreting will build major momentum that bridges a gap in communication among peoples in different language on the earth led to sustaining the cultural harmony. and the GLINT.
An elemental matrix is the Heart-to-heart
Moreover hypotheses proposed in this paper will generate a profusion of
sub-disciplines both scientific and artistic arenas.
Table 1
VANA Occupancy
Areas
VANA
Noun ratio in VANA
CIPP
Article
Physics
67%
64%
27%
6%
Economy
65%
64%
24%
11%
Medicine
64%
51%
25%
11%
Biology
63%
47%
27%
10%
Philosophy
60%
55%
32%
8%
Presidential Speech
59%
50%
33%
9%
Shakespeare
58%
48%
33%
9%
Linguistics
56%
56%
31%
12%
Legal
51%
60%
37%
12%
Novel
51%
33%
43%
6%
Notes: 1. Number of words counted for the use of the parts of speech in subject articles is 200-plus. 2. The subject articles are randomly chosen from documents / manuscripts of personal involvement in the past conferences. 3. The relative pronoun is counted as either pronoun or adverb depending on a context
Table 2 The POSH Usage Ratio
VANA
CIPP Noun
Verb, Adverb, Noun
Conjunction, Interjection,
ratio in VANA
and Adjective
Pronoun and Preposition
% Areas
% Areas
% Areas
67 Physics
64 Physics
43 Novel
65 Economy
64 Economy
37 Legal
64 Medical/Clinical
60 Legal
33 Shakespeare
63 Medical/R
56 Linguistics
33 Presidential Speech
60 Literature
55 Philosophy
32 Philosophy
59 Presidential Speech
51 Medical/Clinical
31 Linguistics
58 Shakespeare
50 Presidential Speech
27 Biology
56 Linguistics
48 Shakespeare
27 Physics
51 Legal
47 Biology
25 Medicine
51 Novel
33 Novel
24 Economy
Articles occupy 6 - 12% through all areas. Note: POSH stands for the Parts
Table 3 Posh Syllabary
J
K
L
M
N
I
V
W
X
O
H
U
A/Z
Y
P
G
T
S
R
Q
F
E
D
C
B
Yoshinori Inoue Director and Professor: Language Laboratory of Inoue (LLI). Adviser: The Federation of Academic Interpreters and Translators. (FAIS International) Contacts: Mailing address: 2-28-3 Todoroki, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan 158-0083 e-mail:
[email protected] 
