The Neustonic Fauna in Coastal Waters of the ...

The Neustonic Fauna in Coastal Waters of the Northeast Pacific: Abundance, Distribution, and Utilization by Juvenile Salmonids Richard D. Brodeur Bruce C. Mundy William G. Pearcy Robert W. Wisseman

The Neustonic Fauna in Coastal Waters of the Northeast Pacific: Abundance, Distribution, and Utilization by Juvenile Salmonicis

Richard D. Brodeur William G. Pearcy Bruce C. Mundy Robert W. Wisseman

Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program AdS 402 Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Publication No. ORESU-T-87-001

© 1987 by Oregon State University. All rights reserved.

AUTHORS

Richard 0. Brodeur, senior research assistant, and William G. Pearcy, professor, are with the College of Oceanography at Oregon State University. Bruce C. Mundy works as a fishery biologist at the Honolulu laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Robert W. Wisseman is a research assistant in the Department of Entomology at Oregon State University.

SUPPORT

This publication is the result, in part, of research sponsored by Oregon Sea Grant through NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, under Grant No. NA79AA-D-OO1O (Project No. RICE-jo). The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes, notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. The Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program is supported cooperatively by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, by the state of Oregon, and by participating local governments and private industry.

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11

CONTENTS

TABLES AND FIGURES, iv INTRODUCTION, 1 METHODS, 1

RESULTS, 3

Neuston Collections, 3 Prey Composition of Juvenile Salmonids, 13 Comparison of Neuston and Stomach Contents, 14 DISCUSSION, 16 True Planktonic Taxa, 16 Terrestrial Taxa, 17 Utilization of Neuston by Juvenile Salmon, 17

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, 19 LITERATURE CITED, 20 APPENDIX, 23 Figure 1. Index map of the Northeast Pacific Ocean, 25 Table 1. Data from 1984 nueston collections, 29 Table 2. Taxa collected by station on Bering Sea and Pacific Warwind cruises, 33 Table 3. Comparison of stomach contents of juvenile salmon and neuston collections, 52

TABLES AND FI(URES Tables In Text

Occurrence and abundance of all taxa collected, 4 Occurrence and abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the June cruise off Oregon and Washington, 8 Occurrence and abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the July cruise off California to British Columbia, 8 Occurrence and abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the September cruise off Oregon and Washington, 11 Occurrence and abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the July cruise off British Columhia and southeast Alaska, 11 Food habits by major taxonomic categories of juvenile coho salmon for the three cruises during 1984, 13 Food habits by major taxonomic categories of juvenile chinook salmon for the three cruises during 1q84, 14

Sumary of the relative importance of the dominant taxa in the diets and in the neuston collections, 15 In Appendix

Data from 1984 neuston collections, 29 Taxa collected by station on Bering Sea and Pacific Warwind cruises, 33 Comparison of stomach contents of juvenile salmon and neuston collections, 5

F i g tires

1.

Index map of the Northeast Pacific Ocean showing major geographical features of sampling areas, 25 Station locations for the June cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off Oregon and Washington, 2F Station locations for the September cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off Oregon and Washington, 26 Station locations for the July cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off California and Oregon, 27

iv

Station locations for the July cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off Washington and British Columbia, 27 Station locations for the July cruise sampled by the Bering Sea off British Columbia, 2R Station locations for the July cruise sampled by the Bering Sea off southeast Alaska, 2R

V

INTRODUCTION

The surface-layer zone, occupying the upper 20 cm of the water column, represents a unique oceanic environment. A diverse assemblage of organisms occupies this zone, either in an obligate or facultative manner (Zaitsev 1970, Hempel and Weikert 1972, Cheng 1975, Peres 1982). Certain animals show morphological or biochemical adaptations to this environment and are generally found in this layer throughout their life cycles. More often, however, species may he found near the surface for only a limited part of their life cycle, as in the case of diel migrants (Zaitsev 1970). These organisms have been collectively referred to as pleuston if they are found at the air-sea interface and neuston if they reside immediately below this interface (Cheng 1975). Comprehensive studies of the surface fauna inhabiting an extensive geographic area are rare and have been conducted mostly in oceanic regions (Hempel and Weikert 1972, Hoidway and Maddock 1983a, h, Andres and John 1984). Although coastal areas harbor a less diverse zooplanktonic fauna than oceanic regions, they usually contain a much higher hiomass. Coastal systems have generally been poorly studied in terms of their neustonic components; this is particularly true for the temperate coastal waters of the eastern North Pacific. Aside from the recent work of Shenker (1985) along one transect off central Oregon, the majority of studies in this area have examined only the ichthyofaunal component of the neuston (Richardson 1975, Ahistrom and Stevens 1976, Laroche and Richardson 1979, Kendall and Clark 1982a, h, Clark 1984). The occurrence of pleustonic and generally neustonic organisms in the diets of several pelagic predators, particularly juvenile salmonids, collected off the coast of Washington and Oregon (Rrodeur, personal observation) prompted us to incorporate neuston sampling into our regular sampling regime for juvenile salmonids. The purpose of this report is twofold: to first examine the abundance and distribution patterns of all the taxa, including terrestrial insects, greater than 5 mm assumed to he quantitatively sampled by our gear, and then to compare the species composition and relative abundance of the taxa collected in the neuston nets with those found in the stomachs of juvenile cohn (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (0. tshawytscha) salmon collected from the same stations at approximately the sameTTimes. These two species of salmon make up the majority of the catch of juvenile salmonids caught off Oregon and Washington (Pearcy 1984), and their food preferences in relation to available prey is of special interest (Peterson et al. 1982). These comparisons enable us to assess the importance of the neustonic fauna to the diet of these pelagic predators.

METHODS

Neuston were collected as part of the regular sampling of the OSU Early Marine Life History of Salmon Project during the months of June and September 1984 and covered the area from northern Washington (lat. 48°20' N) to southern Oregon (44°OO' N). Additional samples were obtained during the NWAFC-OSIJ Coastwide Cooperative Study Cruise during July and August 1984, which extended from northern California (40°44' N) to northern southeast Alaska (58°30' N). The chartered drum seiner Pacific Warwind (PW) was used for the southern sampling up to northern Vancouver Island, and another seiner, Rering Sea (RS), completed the northern sampling. Stations were occupied along transects approximately 37 km apart throughout the study area (figure 1). The stations were located along each transect at distances of 4, 9, 18, 28, 37, and 46 km from the coastline, although not all stations were sampled along each transect. 1

Collections were made with a rectangular 1- by 0.35-rn-mouth opening neuston net frame (Rartlett and Haedrich 198) containing a conical 0.505-mm mesh Nitex net. The distance the net travelled was measured with a TSK flowmeter mounted on the bottom of the mouth opening. The net was trailed from an outrigger located amidships and held clear of the wake of the vessel. Tows lasted from 5 to 10 minutes and were made at a speed of one to two knots. The mouth of the net was generally half submerged at this speed, and we have assumed that a 17.5-cm surface stratum of water was sampled at each station. Most samples were collected during daylight hours.

Following retrieval and thorough washing of the nets, samples were examined at sea and any large debris, detritus, or gelatinous zooplankton were noted and discarded after rinsing with fresh water to remove smaller zooplankton. The remaining samples were preserved for later analysis in a 10% buffered formalinseawater solution. Sea surface temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a concentration were measured at. each station. Temperatures were taken using a weighted bucket submerged slightly below the surface. Salinity and chlorophyll samples were taken with an NT0 bottle tripped at a depth of 1 m. Laboratory analyses of these samples are discussed in Fisher and Pearcy (1985). Laboratory techniques for the curation of the samples were modified from Smith and Richardson (1977). Prior to sorting, wet volumes were measured as follows. All larger organisms and pieces of detritus which were not discarded at sea were rinsed and removed from the sample. The remaining sample was rinsed into a graduated cylinder and allowed to settle for 15 minutes. Settled volumes were measured to the nearest 1 ml for samples smaller than 25 ml and to the nearest 5 ml for larger samples. The total sample was sorted without the aid of magnification using glass trays which were illuminated from below. All organisms with a largest dimension of more than 5 mm were removed from the sample. Each sample was 'searched twice to insure that organisms were not missed. Most gelatinous forms (ctenophores, cnidarians, and siphonophores) were badly damaged and were difficult to identify beyond phyla so these were only noted. Large samples containing predominantly one taxon were first searched for less numerous taxa and then successively split with a Folsom Plankton Splitter until a subsample of manageable size for counting the dominant taxa was obtained. Sorted organisms were placed in 50% isopropyl alcohol and later identified to the lowest possible taxon. After all individuals >5 mm had been removed from the sample, the percent contribution of the major taxonomic groups of smaller zooplankton to the remaining fraction was estimated. This unsorted fraction was then returned to the graduated cylinder and allowed to settle for 15 minutes. Its volume was then measured. Sorted samples were stored in 50% isopropyl alcohol. Displacement volumes and abundances of all the taxa were expressed per 100 m of water volume filtered. Quantitative purse seine hauls were made immediately following the tows (Fisher and Pearcy 1985). Juvenile salmon were quickly sorted from the catch, anesthetized, identified to species, measured, and individually frozen for later analysis. Stomachs were excised in the laboratory from partially frozen specimens and preserved in a 10% buffered formalin solution and later transferred to 50% isopropyl alcohol. Prey were identified to the lowest possible taxa under a dissecting microscope. Stomach fullness was assigned a code between C) (empty) and 5 (fully distended), and the relative state of digestion of the stomach con2

tents was visually estimated and assigned a code between 0 (well digested) and 4 (fresh). Stomach collections were included only from stations from which five or more specimens of a single species were collected. To compare the species composition of the diet of the juvenile salmonids to that of the neuston catches, we pooled all the stomachs of each species of salmon from each station and calculated the proportion of the total number of each prey contributed by each taxon. We included in this analyses only prey taxa identified to the family level or lower. To assess the importance of the neuston to these juvenile salmonids, we used an index modified from Schoener1s (1970) index of similarity, where Percent Similarity Index = PSI = 1.0 - 0.5

r J

- p

x 100,

where r and p are the proportions of prey item in the stomachs and environment, respectively, from a particular station. This index ranges from 0 (no taxa in comon) to 100 (same proportions in neuston and diet).

To determine which taxa are most important to the diet of each species relative to their abundance in the neuston, wecompared the proportional abundance in the diets and neuston tows using Strauss' (1979) Linear Index of Food Selection (L), defined as L = rj - pj

This index ranges from .1.0 (which implies either that the prey was always rejected or that the prey item is not available to the predator) to +1.0 (total selection for a prey item). Values near zero imply that the prey is taken in proportion to its relative abundance in the environment.

RESULTS

Neuston Collections

A listing of the station data along with plankton volumes and pertinent environmental data for the 122 collections made is given in appendix table 1. A total of 145 taxa representing 13 major taxonomic categories was collected. A summary of the number of occurrences, overall mean abundance, and coefficient of dispersion (CI)) for each taxa is presented in table 1. This latter index, which is the variance expressed as a percentage of the mean, is a measure of the relative aggregation or dispersion of the organisms (Elliott 1977). The coefficient of dispersion (times n-i) is compared with the expected chi-square distribution (n-i degrees of freedom) to indicate whether the distribution of a particular taxa is very dispersed (p 0.01). The dominant species collected in each of the four cruises are given in tables 2 through 5, and a complete taxonomic list of organisms is given by station in appendix table 2. The following section discusses the important taxa collected in each of the major -taxonomic categories in systematic order.

3

Table 1.

Frequency of occurrence and mean abundance (mean of all catches/100 m3) of all taxa collected in neuston sampling from June through September 1984. Also given is the coefficient of dispersion (CD) for taxa which occurred in at least three samples and the distribution compared to the expected chi-square distribution: VC = very contagious, C = contagious, R = random, 1) = dispersed, and VI) = very dispersed (see text).

Species

Frequency of Occurrence (n = 122)

POLYCHAETA Lepidasthenia sp. Alciopidae unidentified Tomopteris planktonis Tomopteris septentrionalis Nereidae unidentified Unidentified MOLLUSCA Gastropoda Limacina helicina Unidentified

1

2 3 1

2 6

5

Mean Abundance (No./100 m3)

0.69 1.42 7.05 0.54 2.27 4.77

i

2.90 0.74

2

1.39

1

i

1.06 0.77 0.66

ARACHNIDA Unidentified

5

0.81

OSTRACODA Conchoecia sp.

1

1.70

4

2

CD

Dist.

12.65

VC

7.81

vC

1.71

R

Nudi branchi a

Dendronottis subramosus Cephal opoda

Teuthidjda Loligo opalescens Unidentified

1

0.07

VI)

3.79

6.11

VC

0.80 1.11

0.26

0

0.01

VI)

0.17 25.42

0 VC

1.15

R

COPE PODA

Neocalanus cristatus ISOPODA Idotea resecata Idotea fewkesi

9

AMPH I PODA

Gamaridea Peramphitoe humeralis Amphitoe lacertosa Arnphitoe simulans

Atylus tridens Calliopius laeviusculus Eo9ammarus confervicolus Allorchestes hellahell.a

4

3 1

0.62 0.68

1

1.56

5

0.93 5.55 0.62 2.42

19 1

3

Species

Frequency of Occurrence

Mean Abundance (No./100 m3)

CF)

fist.

(n = 12) Hyale frequens Hyalellidae unidentified Eyakia rohusta Heterophoxus oculatus Unidentified

1

8 1

0.68 1.26 0.68

1

1.46

2

0.78

5

2

1.71 7.87 6.18 8.91 7.18 0.74 0.65 5.04 0.79

1

0.55

17

19.54 7.67 1.90 1.32 0.77 235.21 3.67

0.97

R

1.71 18.18

VC

22.52

Vc.

1.26

R

188.99

VC

9217.31 5.73

VC VC

.82

VC

2.35

R

0.07 5.02

VC

13.23

VC

6.12 6655.71 59.70 2597.21 4.72 1.23

VC VC VC VC VC

Hyperi idea

Hyperia medusarum Hyperoche medusarum Lestrigonus schizogenios Parathemisto pacifica Primno macropa Lycaea pulex Tryphana malmi Streetsia challengeri Unidentified

41 1

19 2 2 1

.5

R

Caprel 1 idae

Caprella incisa EtJPHAUS I ACEA

Euphausia pacifica Nematoscelis difficilis Nyctiphanes simplex Thysanoessa gregaria Thysanoessa longipes Thysanoessa spinifera Unidentified

1

2 1 1

41 3

DECAPODA Natanti a

Hippolyte clarki Hippolyte sp. Heptacarpus sp. Hippolytidae unidentified Pandalus sp. Crangon sp.

2 1 1

16 2 3

1.02 0.68 0.54 3.17 1.45 1.91

Reptanti a

Callianassidae Pagurus sp. Pachycheles pubescens Pachycheles rudis Porcellanidae unidentified Chionoecetes tanneri Pugettia producta Cancer antennarius Cancer magister Cancer oregonensis Cancer sp. (zoea) Lophopanopeus hellus Pinnixia sp.

4

25.14 1.45 4.83 1.49 5.88 0.82 3.04 480.96 13.16 275.57 2.55 2.09

1

1.44

2 3 7 1

14 1

13 20 30 24 14

1)

R

5

Species

Frequency of Occurrence (n = 122)

Pinnotherjdae unidentified

Mean Abundance (No.1100 ni3)

CD

lUst.

0.98

R

4 2

2.64 2.85

1

0.51.

1

0.99

1

0.81

24

28.91

344.10

VC

3

1.50 13.91

3.51 62.52

VC

9.32 2.48 3.41

18.79 0.19 4.67

VC

0.77 0.77 0.62 0.51 0.65 0.64 0.91 2.29 0.71 4.60

0.01 0.20

VD

Uni denti fied

INSECTA Odonata Pantala hymenaea Isoptera Zootermopsis sp. P1 ecopt era

Perlidae Psocoptera Unidentified Hemiptera Saldula sp. Unidentified Homoptera Aphidae Memhracjdae Cjcadelljdae Coleoptera Carahjdae Hydrophilidae Staphylinidae Coccinella trifasciata Anatis rathvoni Hippodamia convergens Mulsantjna picta Adalia hipunctata

23

43 3

13 5 6 3 1 1

3 7 1

Cc1oneda polita

1

Diabrotica undecimpunctata

2

M.05

O.O4 0.25

C

R

VC

VI) I)

I) I")

Neu ropt era

Hemerohius histrigatus Hemerohius pacificus Hemerohius stigmaterus Hemerobjus sp. Micromus variolosus In choptera Lenarchus rho

8 14 16 7

1.35 1.30 1.40 1.67 1.00

1

0.66

3 9

0.94 9.91 0.75 0.92

0.18 38.45

3.71 0.65 0.80

VC

1

2.71 1.77 1.36 0.57 0.65

39

3.02

23.01

VC

7

1.00 0.67 0.47 1.57 0.28

R

R 0 R 0

Lepi doptera

Geometrjdae Choristoneura occidentalis

Oecoporidae

1

Unidentified

2

R

VC

Di ptera

Nematocera unidentified Tipulidae Psychodidae Culex sp. Chironomidae Rrachycera unidentified

6

38 11 11 1

R

R

Species

Frequency of Occurrence

CD

Dist.

0.97 1.56 0.92

0.26

R

0.29

R

0.82 1.06 2.29 0.74 0.54 1.12 0.70 1.99 0.99 0.68 4.89 1.64 0.74

0.19 0.13 3.03

VU VC

24.76

VC

4.71 8.19

VC VC

263.54 5.30

VC VC

0.11

0

21.15

VC

0.81

R

4.22

VC

38.49

VC

Mean Abundance (No./100 m3)

(n = 122)

Syrphidae Ephydra sp. Diptera unidentified Hymenoptera Aphidiidae Braconidae Ichneumonidae Eulophidae Encyrtidae Torymidae Figitidae Cynipidae Ceraphronidae Diapriidae Formicidae Sphecidae Apis mellifera

CHAETOGNATHA Eukrohnia hamata Sa9itta eleqans Unidentified

3 2

4 7 7

10 2 1

2 2 1 1 1

11 2 1

14

3.92 6.68 4.70

1

136.97

1

3

t)

LAR VACEA

Oikopleura sp. OSTE I CHTHYES

Clupea harengus pallasi Engraulis mordax

1

Osmeri dae

8

Tactostoma macropus Brosmophycis marginata Cololahis saira Syngnathus leptorhynchus Sebastes caurinus Sebastes diploproa

1

Sebastes chi orosti ctus

Sehastes sp.

6

1

4 2 1 5 1

14

Hexagramnios decagranimus

2

Ophiodon elongatus Anoplopoma fimbria Cottus asper Leptocottus armatus Radulinus asprellus Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Agonopsis vulsa Stellerina xyosterna

2

Li pan di dae

Ronquilus jordani Ammodytes hexapterus

1 1

1 1

29

1.68 48.13 1.90 0.77 0.54 1.05 0.61 6.18 6.05 0.77 1.48 2.14 0.96 1.56 1.37 1.99 1.60 3.19

13

1.46 0.68 1.41 7.34

1

4.82

1 1

1

7

Table 2.

Frequency of occurrence and total and percent standardized abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the June cruise off Oregon and Washington.

Frequency of Occurrence

Tax a

(n = 24)

Euphausia pacifica Cancer magister meg. Ronquilus jordani Cancer antennarius meg. Parathemisto pacifica Porcellanid megalopae Cancer oregonensis meg. Thysanoessa spinifera Cancer sp. zoea Nematocera

Table 3.

1

10 6 9 1

4 3 4 6

12

251.14 250.99 82.20 51.04 34.71 34.48 33.64 30.37 25.33 24.40

Percent of Total Abundance

26.97 26.95 8.82 5.48 3.72 3.70 3.61 3.26 2.72 2.62

Frequency of occurrence and total and percent standardized abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the July cruise off California to Rritish Columbia.

Ta xa

Frequency of Occurrence (n = 40)

Aphidae Engraulis mordax Hyperoche medusarum Cancer oregonensis meg. Psocoptera Oikopleura sp. Parathemisto pacifica Cancer magister meg. Choristoneura occidentalis Brachycera

8

Total Stand. Abundance (No.1100 m3)

24 3

17

10 13 1

14 11

8 22

Total Stand. Abundance (No.1100 m3)

311.52 285.34 248.51 170.06 138.92 136.97 129.55 93.97 88.19 77.53

Percent of Total

Abundance

12.43 11.39 9.92 6.78 5.54 5.46 5.17 3.75 3.52 3.09

Polychaeta

Pelagic polychaetes were not well represented in our neuston samples either by occurrence or abundance. The genus Tomopteris was the most common taxa identified. Many specimens were damaged during capture and could not he identified to species. Most species had a very clumped distribution.

Moll usca

This heterogeneous group also occurred infrequently and were not very abundant in our samples. Pteropods, especially Limacina helicina, were relatively rare in our collections and were not abundant when they did occur. However, most pteropods were smaller than 5 mm, the minimum size of organisms that were sorted from the samples. The nudibranch species (Dendronotus suhramosus) is not usually collected in the plankton but may have been swept off the bottom or off a floating substrate. Cephalopods were also rare in our samples and were represented only by larval stages.

Arachni da

Spiders were collected infrequently in our samples and were not identified to species. The individuals collected were most likely washed out to sea from estuaries or perhaps had inhabited forested areas close to the ocean and were blown to sea.

Ostracoda

Only one large ostracod (Conchoecia sp.) was found at our southernmost collection although many smaller individuals less than 5 mm were found hut were not identified for the purposes of this study.

Copepoda

Calanoid copepods were the most numerous taxa collected in the neuston and generally made up from 10% to 90% of the unsorted zooplankton fraction. Most of the unsorted taxa were adults and late copepodite stages of the following genera: Pseudocalanus, Calanus, Neocalanus, and Epilahidocera. The only taxa large enough to include in the sorted fraction was Neocalanus cristatus, which occurred in low abundances at only a few stations. Collections of calanoid copepods were much higher in the night collections than the day collections, implying that they either migrated into the neuston at night or were able to avoid the sampling gear during daylight hours.

Isopoda

Only two species of isopods were collected in our gear. All our specimens were olive green, and, since these taxa are not known to he strong swimmers, they were probably attached to floating macroalgae, especially kelp blades. Large pieces of kelp and other plant detritus were found in the neuston hauls that contained many of these isopods. Most of these collections were made off the central Oregon coast. 9

Amphi poda

Most species of gammarid amphipods were infrequent and occurred in low abundances in our collections although one generally pelagic species, Calliopius laeviusculus, was the fifth and sixth most abundant species collected in the September cruise off Oregon and Washington and the cruise off southeast Alaska, respectively. In general, gammarid amphipods represented a higher proportion of the neuston off southeast Alaska than in more southern waters. Hyperiid amphipods occurred more frequently and were much more important numerically than gammarids. In particular, either or both of two hyperiid species, Hyperoche medusarum and Parathemjsto pacifica, were among the dominant species during each cruise. Roth these species were contagiously distributed in our samples. Hyperoche medusarum was one of the most frequently occurring taxa in all our collections and was found in high abundances mostly in nighttime tows. Most of the large catches of hyperiids also yielded many ctenophores and hydromedusae.

Euphausi acea

As with the amphipods, much of the euphausiid catch was dominated by two species. Euphausia pacifica was the most abundant species in terms of total number of specimens collected during the June cruise, hut this total was collected entirely at one offshore (4.9 km) station during daylight. This species was more commonly collected as adults off Canada in July and as juveniles during the September cruise. The other dominant species, Thysanoessa spinifera, occurred frequently, especially at stations inshore of 18 km, hut showed a highly clumped distribution pattern with a high variance to mean ratio. Adult specimens were found during every cruise, hut furcilja larvae and juveniles dominated the September catches when T. spinifera accounted for almost 87% of the total catch (table 4). One 7-mm daytime tow off southern Washington during this month alone captured over 15,000 juveniles of this species. The capture of a southern euphausiid, Nyctiphanes simplex, at two stations off Oregon is unusual since this species has only recently been noted to occur north of California (Rrodeur 1986).

Decapoda

Many species of shrimp and crab larvae were found in the neuston. Several species of shrimp larvae occurred hut, with the exception of Hippolytidae zoeae, none were common or abundant. Several large juvenile or adult specimens of Hippolyte clarki were collected hut these may not have been free-swimming and were probably associated with macroalgae. Several species of crab larvae were frequently collected; especially well represented were members of the family Porcellanidae and Cancridae. Cancer spp. megalopae and zoeae were very abundant in all hut the September cruise and, off Canada and southeast Alaska, made up over 97% of the catch although they were found at only a limited number of stations (table 5). Cancer megalopae had more clumped distributions than the other species and were even more aggregated than Cancer zoea, indicating perhaps some behavioral adaptation to aggregate in high density patches.

10

Table 4.

Frequency of occurrence and total and percent standardized abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the September cruise off Oregon and Washington.

Frequency of Occurrence

Ta xa

(n = 26)

Thysanoessa spinifera Psocoptera Hemiptera Aphidae Calliopius laeviusculus Hyperoche medusarum Callianassidae zoea Formicidae Cicadellidae Brachycera

Table 5.

10 10 10 15 10 17 1

5 7

12

Total Stand. Abundance (No./100 m3)

9820.31 555.15 303.66 77.76 73.71 51.12 49.62 43.74 39.17 27.56

Percent of Total

Abundance

86.99 4.91 2.69 0.68 0.65 0.45 0.43 0.38 0.34 0.24

Frequency of occurrence and total and percent standardized abundance of the 10 most abundant taxa collected during the July cruise off British Columbia and Southeast Alaska.

Taxa

Frequency of Occurrence (n = 32)

Cancer antennarius meg. Cancer oregonensis meg. Thysanoessa spinifera Cancer magister meg. Euphausia pacifica Calliopius laeviusculus Hyperoche niedusarum Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Ronquilus jordani Sehastes sp.

Total Stand. Abundance (No./100 m3)

4 8 9 6 8 6

9558.28 6393.80 202.72 50.22 41.75 30.40 22.32

5

1.60

4

3 3

7.98 6.03

Percent of Total Abundance

58.39 39.05 1.23 0.30 0.25 0.18 0.13 0.07 0.04 0.03

11

Insecta

Insects were the most diverse of the major taxonomic groups collected hut were numerically important only during the July and September cruises off Oregon and Washington (tables 3 and 4). With the exception of a few pupae and one chironomid larvae, all specimens were fully winged adult forms from terrestrial or riparian habitats which were probably blown out to sea rather than carried out to sea by rivers. Many of the species were light bodied and probably not strong fliers and may have been blown offshore during dispersal or mating flights. Among the more important of the 12 insect orders collected were Psocoptera (bark lice), Hemiptera (true hugs), Homoptera (aphids, plant hoppers), Coleoptera (beetles), Neuroptera (lacewings), Lepidoptera (moths), Diptera (flies), and Hymenoptera (wasps and ants). One lepidopteran species, identified as Choristoneura prob. occidentalis (Western spruce hudworm, P. C. Hamond, OSU, Entomology), was abundant at some stations and was particularly obvious because of its large size. One very large dragonfly (Pantala hymenaea), which is known to undertake long migrations in the nearshore region (N H. Anderson, OSLJ, Entomology), was collected 4.4 km off central Oregon.

C ha et ogn at ha

This gelatinous-bodied phylum was not well represented in our collections and many of those collected were difficult to identify because of their mutilated condition. Only two common species were identified. Chaetognaths were most abundant off southern Oregon and northern California.

Larvacea

Larvaceans were probably more common in the study area than our collections would indicate although large individuals were rare. All larvaceans we collected were taken during one daytime collection off California and were of the genus Oikopleura.

Ostei chthyes

Many taxa of fishes were collected in the neuston although only a few taxa were common or abundant enough to he important in our sampling (tables 2-i). A wide range of sizes was collected, from several preflexion larvae (3-4 mm) to large juvenile sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus, 70-75 mm). The majority of the northern anchovy (Engraulis niord'ax) collected were from one night station off central Oregon. Cahezon (Scnraenichthys marmoratus), northern ronquil (Ronquilus jordani), and rockfish (Sehastes spp.) larvae and juveniles were the most frequently caught taxa. Most preflexion Sehastes were not identifiable to species. Several offshore or deepwater taxa (Tactostoma macropus, Brosmophycis marginata, Cololahis saira, and Anoploponia fimhria) have heen rarely caught in subsurface plankton collections in the study area (Richardson 1Q77). Fish eggs were also collected at a number of stations, hut these were not identified because they were smaller than 5 mm.

12

Other taxa

In addition to the above mentioned taxa, many large or fragile gelatinous species were collected and noted. Dominant among these were hydromedusae (Aequorea victoria), scyphomedusae (mostly Aurelia aurita), ctenophores Many smaller forms, (Pleurobrachia spp.), and siphonophores (Velella velella). including small copepods, euphauslid larvae, ostracods, pteropods, and cirripede cyprids were not effectively sampled by our gear and were generally not quantified.

Prey Composition of Juvenile Salmonids The general food categories consumed by juvenile coho and chinook salmon examined from all stations during the 1984 cruise are given by percent frequency of occurrence and percent number in tables 6 and 7. During June of 1984, fishes and decapod larvae were by far the most frequently occurring prey taxa for juvenile coho salmon although decapod larvae were much more important numerically (table 6). Copepods and euphausiids were moderately important, whereas amphipods, barnacle larvae, and insects rarely occurred and were only of minor importance in the diet. Juvenile coho had a more diverse diet during July. flecapod larvae were still important prey, both in occurrence and percent by number, hut fish were less important by number. Insects and amphipods greatly increased in relative importance during this month. Euphausiids occurred regularly hut made up only a minor part of the diet numerically (table 6). By September, the majority of the diet consisted of amphipods and euphausiids with decapod larvae, fishes, and insects of secondary importance.

Table 6.

Food habits by major taxonomic categories of juvenile coho salmon for the three cruises during 1984. The summaries for July include only those transects off Washington and Oregon (North of 430 N). Data given are the Frequency of Occurrence (F) in all nonempty stomachs and Also given are sumaries of the percent of Numerical Abundance (N). the predator characteristics for each cruise. July

June Prey Category

Pteropoda Cephalopoda Copepoda Cirripedia Amphipoda Euphausiacea Decapoda larvae Insecta Chaetognatha Osteichthyes

F (%)

N (%)

--6.5

19.4 5.5 4.2 13.9 56.9 1.4 --83.9

1.6 1.3 4.9

66.7 0.1 --18.7

Sept. N (%)

F (%)

0.6 0.1 4.0 0.1 18.4 9.4 29.8 31.9 0.1 5.4

4.5 1.5 13.4 1.5 64.2 64.2 44.8 53.7 3.0 53.7

F (%)

N (%)

8.6 6.9 3.4

2.5 0.2 0.1

86.2 70.7 70.7

52.0 23.7 15.0

1.7

0.1

67.2

6.4

PREDATOR CHARACTERISTICS No. stomachs No. empty Mean length Length range

80 8 176.1

121-247

75

61

7

3

210.6 144-347

276.0 177-366

13

Juvenile chinook salmon consumed many of the same major prey categories as juvenile coho, with mysids replacing barnacle nauplii as the only change. There were, however, some major differences in the relative occurrence and abundance of these groups (table 7). Copepods, euphausiids, and fishes were relatively more important numerically, whereas amphipods, decapod larvae, and insects were less important for chinook compared with coho. Many of the same trends seen for each prey category in coho also were seen for chinook. 1)ecapod larvae, fishes, and copepods were the dominant prey numerically in June and July, although the rank order of abundance shifted between the two months (table 7). Euphausiids replaced copepods as the numerically dominant group during September.

Table 7.

Food habits by major taxonomic categories of juvenile chinook salmon for the three cruises during 1984. The summaries for July include only those transects off Washington and Oregon (north of 430 N). Data given are the Frequency of Occurrence (F) in all nonempty stomachs and Also given are summaries of the percent of Numerical Abundance (N). the predator characteristics for each cruise.

June Prey Category

Pteropoda Cephalopoda Copepoda Mysidacea Amphipoda Euphausiacea Decapoda larvae Insecta Chaetognatha Osteichthyes

N (%)

F (%)

--0.4 20.9 0.1 1.0 7.2 36.3 --0.1 33.9

--3.9

41.2 1.9 11.8 25.4 54.9 --1.9

84.3

Sept.

July F (%)

N (%)

F (%)

N (%)

-----

2.8 2.7

1.0 0.2

41.7 38.9 47.2 5.6

14.0 41.0 25.7 2.0

69.4

16.4

----36.8 5.2 36.8 52.6 57.9 ---

37.9 0.3 9.1 7.0 15.8 ---

84.2

30.0

PREDATOR CHARACTERISTICS No. stomachs No. empty Mean length Length range

62 11

178.2 105-370

21

39

2

3

149.6 109-251

222.3 138-412

Comparison of neuston and stomach contents Appendix table 3 gives a detailed comparison of the stomach contents and neuston collections for each of the 13 stations for coho salmon and 3 stations for chinook salmon from which a sufficient number of stomachs (five or more rionempty) were obtained. There was a greater similarity between the numerical composition of the diet of juvenile coho and the neuston collected at the same station (mean PSI = 25.5%, range 3.3-45.2%) than the similarity seen for chinook (mean PSI = 17.4%, range 0.0-43.1%). For the one station (84-027) which compared both predator species, coho diets were more similar (PSI = 18.1%) than The maximum PSI values for coho were found chinook (PSI = 0.0%) to the neuston. at the station (84-092) where both stomach fullness and freshness were also the highest, hut similar trends were not seen for the rest of the coho stomachs or the chinook stomachs. 14

Other than numerical similarity, a useful index of the relative utilization of the neuston by these predators is the percentage of prey taxa found in the stomachs that were also found in the neuston collections from the same stations. These percentages ranged from 16.7% to 60.0% (mean = 34.6%) for coho and from 0.0% to 60.01 (mean = 25.3%) for chinook. There did not appear to he any clear relationship between these percentages and either the stomach fullness or condition factor of the stomachs.

The Linear Index of Selection values (L) showed some interesting results for individual prey taxa of coho salmon (table 8). Cancer oregonensis megalopae had the highest number (n = 7) of positive L values (higher percentage in the stomachs than in the neuston samples) with only one negative L value (higher All other species had four or percentage in neuston samples than stomachs). fewer positive occurrences although two species (Choristoneura occidentalis and Parathemisto pacifica) were important to the diet when they did occur (table 8). The two euphausiid species (Thysanoessa spinifera and Euphausia pacifica), Cancer magister megalopae, Hyperoche medusarum, and Ronquilus jordani were important at times in both the diet and in the neuston samples. Two fish taxa (Osmeridae and Scorpaenichthys marmoratus) and several insect taxa (especially Brachycera and Nematocera) showed high negative L values (table 8). The results for chinook salmon were inconclusive since only three stations were examined.

Table 8.

Sumary of the relative importance of the dominant taxa in the diets and in the neuston collections based on the Index of Selection values given in appendix 3 for juvenile coho salmon. flata are the number of occurrences of positive selection values and positive selection values greater than 0.10, and number of occurrences of negative selection values and number of negative selection values less than -0.10.

Taxon

Positive Selection No. 0cc.

Cancer oregonensis Choristoneura occidentalis Parathemisto pacifica Cancer antennarius Cancer magister Thysanoessa spinifera Sebastes spp. Hyperoche medusarum Euphausia pacifica Cancer sp. zoea Ronquilus jordani Osmeridae Hemerobiidae Hemiptera Psychodidae Aphidae Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Brachycera Nematocera

0cc.> 0.10

Negative Selection No. 0cc.

7

3

1

4 4 4 4 4

3

0

3

1

Occ.< -0.10

0 0 0 0 2

2

1

2 2

3 4

3

1

0

0

3

0

2

2

2

1

1

1

2

2

1

0

2

3 3

3

3

2

3

0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0

3

1

.0

5

1

0

6

1

0 0

8

0 2 5

9

4

0 2 1

1

1

1

15

DISCUSSION

As in all plankton sampling, a number of factors may influence the species composition and relative abundance of neuston collected at a particular station on any sampling date. Many of them are biological in origin, such as the degree of aggregation, reproductive cycles, and, in some cases, ability to migrate vertically in the water column. Others are constraints placed on the sampling by the investigator, such as time of day of sampling, weather conditions, methods of sampling, and gear used. A large number of taxa.were identified from our neuston collections, but almost one-half of these taxa, mainly spiders and insects, were of terrestrial origin and were probably not living when collected. Although not truly neustonic organisms, these fluvially or aerially transported insects may represent a substantial portion of the biomass of the neuston and diet of some pelagic fishes (Craddock 199, Cheng and Birch 1977, 1Q78, Locke and Corey 198). Other taxa, such as the isopods and some gammarid amphipods, are not normally freeswimming and were probably associated with floating macrophytes. We will first discuss the truly planktonic taxa and discuss later these terrestrial taxa, which made up a large part of the hiomass of the neuston collections and were an important contribution to the diets of the salmonids.

True Planktonjc Taxa

Euphausiids, hyperiid amphipods, decapod larvae, and fish larvae were numerically the dominant taxa collected in our neuston samples and in previous plankton collections made in the same area during the same time of year. Euphausiids were represented almost exclusively by Thysanoessa spinifera and Euphausia pacifica, which dominate plankton collections and vary in abundance seasonally and with distance from shore (Hebard lQ6fS, flay 1Q71). Most of the euphausiids collected in neuston nets were sijhadults, which implies that the adults reside at greater depths, especially during the daytime. Similarly, the hyperiids were mostly represented by two species, Hyperoche medusarum and Parathemjsto pacifica, which were most common in plankton net collections at inshore and offshore stations, respectively, in a study off Newport, Oregon, by Lorz and Pearcy (1975). The dominant larvae of decapod crustaceans were Cancer spp., which are known to show the highest larval abundances from May to July when densities may vary several orders of magnitude (Lough 1975, Shenker 1985). The megalopae of C. magister have been found in high densities at the surface, where they were concentrated in windrows created by Langmuir circulation (Shenker 1985). Fish species also undergo substantial seasonal variation in the abundance of their larval and juvenile stages in the plankton. Several taxa have been found to have relatively high near-surface abundances compared to those found in the total water column (Kendall and Clark 1982a, h, Boehiert et al. 1985, Shenker 1985). Many of these same species were abundant during our study, including Engraulis mordax, Sehastes spp., Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, and Roriquilus jordani. Several others, notably Anoplopoma fimbria, Hexagramos spp., and Ammodytes hexapterus, were less common in our neuston collections than expected based on previous studies. As Shenker (1985) has shown, generally only the smallest juveniles present are captured in small neuston nets such as the one used in our study.

16

Terrestrial Taxa

Terrestrial insects are known to he found in most nearshore neuston collections hut had been found in generally low abundances off Oregon previously (Cheng and Birch 1978). Most of the insects found by Cheng and Birch and by us were weak fliers, including the Aphidae, Hemerohiidae, and numerous fliptera, which could have been blown offshore during mating or feeding flights. However, the abundance of larger insects in our collections was sometimes anomalously high, leading us to examine in detail these atypical situations. Only a few species of insects were encountered in any of the June collections off Oregon and Washington. However, starting with collection PW-O77 (taken off Brookings, Oregon, on 15 July) and continuing north until collection PW-104 (taken off Seaside, Oregon, on 26 July), insects were the most obvious taxa in the samples. One species in particular, the spruce hudworm (Choristoneura occidentalis), was abundant and large enough to he highly visible from the deck of a ship in large surface patches at several stations off Wecoma Beach, Oregon, on 25 July. Examination of the wind data taken at Newport, Oregon (unpublished data from National Climatic Data Center), revealed a substantial increase in wind velocity (with gusts up to 15 m/sec) and a change in direction (from the NW to the SE) during the early morning hours. These sudden changes appeared to he associated with a major thunderstorm which raced through western Oregon and crossed the coast close to the Wecoma Beach transect late in the evening of 24 July. According to the official climatological report (National Climatic Data Center 1.84), "The thunderstorms were accompanied by spectacular lightning displays, thunder, isolated heavy rains and gusty winds. Lincoln County Emergency Services reported a gust of 61 mph at 2243 PST.1' This storm was apparently of sufficient intensity and originated from the right direction to blow even large, and pres.umahly strong-flying, insects such as the spruce hudworm well off to sea. Similar large floating slicks of a congener (C. fumiferana) of this species have been reported off eastern North America (Cheng arid Birch 1978), where wind conditions may make such allochthonous inputs a normal occurrence (Locke and Corey 1986).

Utilization of Neuston by Juvenile Salmon Many of the species that were common in the neustonic layer, such as insects, Cancer megalops, Sehastes, spp., Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, and Ronquilus jordan, were frequently found in juvenile coho stomachs. One of the largest insects collected (Choristoneura occidentalis) was also by far the dominant prey item by weight in the coho stomachs at the same stations where this species occurred in the neuston. The fact that several juvenile coho collected shortly after the storm had stomachs that were distended with over 100 of these insects shows the ability of juvenile coho to readily exploit even ephemeral food sources in the neuston. The numerical similarity between the diets of the juvenile salmon examined and the neuston collections was moderate to low for all stations. The percentages of prey taxa in common between the diets and neuston were generally higher than the numerical similarity hut not convincing evidence that salmon forage exclusively in this zone. However, other factors besides actual negative selection could also result in low overlap values. Among these are the following.

17

The neuston net may not he an adequate sampling device to estimate the available prey of these predators. With the exception of some of the larger juvenile fishes and smaller copepod species, the size range and overall species composition of the neuston and diets were similar. The vulnerability of all taxa to the gear, however, may be quite variable, and highly mobile juvenile fishes would not be expected to he caught in proportion to their actual abundances as insects floating at the surface would. The preponderance of small insects (e.g., aphids and flies) in the neuston compared to the diets may reflect an inability on the part of the predator to detect these small hut ahundant food sources compared with larger insects (e.g., spruce hudworm) nearby. Particularly in the case of well-digested stomach contents, the prey found in the stomachs at a particular station may have been consumed at another location some distance away, which may have an entirely different neuston assemblage than the station at which it was caught. This may he especially true in frontal zones where substantial differences in species abundances may he observed over relatively short distances (Shenker 1985). Differential digestion rates of prey may result in some taxa, particularly soft-bodied forms such as chaetognaths, polychaetes, and fish larvae, being overlooked in the stomachs compared to prey which are more resistant to digestion (e.g., crustaceans, insects, and juvenile fishes). Despite the differences between the composition of the food habits and neuston within one station, there is an overall resemblance of the taxa consumed by juvenile coho salmon to those available in the surface layer. This is particularly true for the largest organisms present in the neuston, which may Juvenile chinook, however, represent a more visible prey image at the surface. do not show the same resemblance as coho, suggesting that chinook are either more selective in what they consume or, more likely, that they feed deeper in the water column than do coho juveniles. An advantage to feeding in the surface layer is that the prey, such as decapod larvae and juvenile fishes, may often he highly aggregated in surface slicks caused by Langmuir circulation or internal waves; thus, many taxa may reach an abundance several orders of magnitude greater than that in the surrounding surface waters (Shanks 1983, Shenker 1985, Kingsford and Choat 1986). This may explain why many juvenile coho stomachs contain high numbers of a single prey species which may have been aggregated by some physical or biological feature. The results of this study, although inconclusive, certainly suggest that juvenile coho salmon may utilize the neuston extensively when feeding in the coastal zone. Laboratory studies have shown that juvenile coho are more likely to attack prey above their horizontal plane than prey an equal distance directly in front of them (Dunhrack and Dill 1984). This type of feeding behavior is adaptive for stream-dwelling juveniles feeding on insects at the surface (Mundie 1971) and hatchery juveniles feeding on pellets falling from the surface and does not seem to he lost when these juveniles first enter the ocean.

18

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank the crews of the F/V Bering Sea and Pacific Warwind and scientists who assisted in the field collections, including C. Banner, A. Chung, J. Fisher, and C. Wilson from Oregon State University and 3. Bailey, J. Landingham, and I). Mortensen from the Auke Ray Laboratory of the National Marine Fisheries Service. The initial laboratory sortings of many of the collections Additional taxonomic expertise and data sumarizations were made by L. Krasnow. was provided by 3. Chapman (gamarid amphipods), W. Laroche (rockfishes), N. Anderson (Odonata), D. Belnavis (Coccinellidae), D. Ferguson (Formicidae), P. Hammond (Lepidoptera), P. Hanson (Hymenoptera), J. Lattin (Hemiptera), 3. Oswald (Neuroptera), and G. Parsons (Carahidae).

19

LITERATURE CITED

Ahistrom, E. H., and E. Stevens. 1976. Report of neuston (surface) collections made on an extended Ca1COFI cruise during May 1972. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 18:167-180. Andres, H.-G., and H.-C. John. 1984. Results of some neuston net catches in the warmer central North Atlantic--fish larvae and selected invertebrates. Meersforsch. 30:144-154. Bartlett, M. R., and R. L. Haedrich. 1968. Neuston nets and South Atlantic larval blue marlin (Makaira nigricans). Copeia 1968:469-474. Boehiert, G. W., D. P4. Gadomski, and B. C. Mundy. 1985. Vertical distribution of ichthyoplankton off the Oregon coast in spring and summer months. Fish. Bull. 83:611-621.

Brodeur, R. D. 1986. Northward displacement of the euphausiid, Nyctiphanes simplex Hansen, to Oregon and Washington waters following the El Ni.no event of 1982-1983. J. Crust, Biol. 6(4). Clark, J. B. 1984. Ichthyoplankton off Washington, Oregon and northern California, May-June 1981. NWAFC Proc. Rep. 84-11; 46 pp.

Craddock, J. E.

1969.

Neuston fishing.

Oceanus 15:10-12.

Cheng, L. 1975. Marine pleuston--animals at the air-sea interface. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 11:223-235.

Cheng, 1., and M. C. Birch. Ass. U.K. 57:995-997.

1977.

Cheng, L., and M. C. Birch. 1978. resource. Ecol. Entom. 3:87-97.

Terrestrial insects at sea.

Insect flotsam:

J. Mar Riol.

an unstudied marine

Day, D. S. 1971. Macrozooplankton and small nekton in the coastal waters off Vancouver Island (Canada) and Washington, spring and fall of 1963. U.S. Dept. 19 Corner., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 94 pp.

Dunbrack, R. L., and L. M. Dill. 1984. Three-dimensional prey reaction field of the juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Can, J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:1176-1182. Elliott, J. M. 1977. Some methods for the statistical analysis of samples of benthic invertebrates. Freshwater Biol. Assoc. Sci. Puhl. 25, 156 pp. Fisher, J. P., and W. G. Pearcy. 1985. Studies of juvenile salmonids off northern California, Oregon, Washington and Vancouver Island, 1984. Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program ORESU-T-85-OOl., 24 pp. Hebard, J. F. 1966. Distribution of Euphausiacea and Copepoda off Oregon in relation to oceanographic conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 94 pp.

20

Hempel, G., and H. Weikert. 1972. The neuston of the subtropical and horeal northeastern Atlantic Ocean. A review. Mar. Biol. 76:70-88. Hoidway, P., and L. Maddock. 1983a. A comparative survey of neuston: Mar. Riol. 76:263-270. geographical and temporal distribution patterns. Hoidway, P., and L. Maddock. 77:207-214.

1983h.

Neustonic distributions.

Mar. Riol.

Kendall, A. W., Jr., and J. Clark. 1982a. Ichthyoplankton off Washington, Oregon, and northern California, April-May 1980. NWAFC Proc. Rep. 82-11, 44 pp

Kendall, A. W., Jr., and J. Clark. 1982h. Ichthyoplankton off Washington, Oregon and northern California, August 1980. NWAFC Proc. Rep. 82-12, 43 pp. Kingsford, M. J., and J. H. Choat. 1986. Influence of surface slicks on the distribution and onshore movements of small fish. Mar. Biol. 91:161-171. Laroche, J. L., and S. L. Richardson. 1979. Winter-spring abundance of larval English sole, Parophrys vetulus, between the Columbia River and Cape Rlanco, Oregon, during 1972-1975 with notes on occurrences of three other pleuronectids. Est. Coast. Mar. Sci. 8:455-476. Locke, A., and S. Corey. 1986. Terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates in the neuston of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 64:1535-41. Lorz, H. V., and W. G. Pearcy. 1975. Distribution of hyperiid amphipods off the Oregon coast. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 32:1442-1447. Lough, R. G. 1975. Dynamics of crab larvae (Anomura, Rrachyura) off the central Oregon coast, 1969-1971. Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 299 pp. Mundie, J. H. 1971. The diel drift of chironomidae in an artificial stream and its relation to the diet of coho salmon fry, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Waulbaum). Can. Entomol. 103:289-297.

National Climatic Data Center.

1984.

Storm data.

Vol. 26 no. 7, Asheville

N.C.

Pearcy, W. G. 1984. Where do all the coho go? The biology of juvenile coho salmon off the coasts of Oregon and Washington. Pp. 50-60 In: W. G. Pearcy (ed.) The influence of ocean conditions on the production of salmonids in the North Pacific. Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program ORE SU-W-83-OO 1.

Peres, J. M. 1982. Specific pelagic assemblages: (1) assemblages at the airocean interface. Pp. 313-372 In: Marine Ecology 5(1):313-372. Ed. by 0. Kinne.

-

Peterson, W. T., R. D. Brodeur, and W. G. Pearcy. 1982. Food habits of juvenile salmon in the Oregon coastal zone, June 1979. Fish. Bull. 80:841-851.

21

a preliminary Richardson, S. L. 1975. Oregon's coastal ichthyoneuston: report. Unpub. Rept. presented at ASIH meeting, Williamsburg VA.

Richardson, S. L. 1977. Larval fishes in ocean waters off Yaquina Ray, Oregon: abundance, distribution and seasonality, January 1971 to August 1972. Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program ORESU-T-77-003. 73 pp.

Non-synchronous spatial overlap of lizards in patchy Schoener, 1. W. 1970. habitats. Ecology 51:408-418. Shanks, A. L. 1983. Surface slicks associated with tidally forced internal waves may transport pelagic larvae of benthic invertebrates and fishes shoreward. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 13:311-315. Shenker, J. M. 1985. Biology of neustonic larval and juvenile fishes and crabs Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 156 pp. off Oregon, 1984.

Standard techniques for pelagic egg 1977. Smith, P. R., and S. L. Richardson. and larva surveys. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 175, 100 pp. Strauss, R. R. 1979. Reliability estimates for Ivlev's electivity index, the forage ratio, and a proposed linear index of food slection. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 108:344-352. Zaitsev, Y. P.

22

1970.

Marine Neustonology.

Naukova Dumka Kiev.

264 pp.

Appendix

Figure 1. Index map of the Northeast Pacific Ocean showing major geographical features of sampling areas. The letters and the boxes refer to the different cruises shown in figures A through F, which follow.

25

SEPT

JUNE 125°

124°

125°

1250 Figure 1A. Station locations for the June cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off Oregon and Washington 26

124°

124°

Figure lB. Station locations for the September cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off Oregon and Washington.

JULY 1250

125°

1280

1240

124° 1230

Figure 1C.

Station locations for the July cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off California and Oregon.

Station locations for the Figure 1D. July cruise sampled by the Pacific Warwind off Washington and British Columbia. 27

JULY

Figure 1E.

Station locations for the July cruise sampled by the Bering Sea off British Columbia.

28

Station locations for the Figure iF. July cruise sampled by the Bering Sea off southeast Alaska.

Appendix Table 1. Station, sample and environmental data from 1984 neuston collections.

VESSEL

COLL.

TRANSECT

OJDE NUMBER

DISTANCE OFFSHORE

DATE

TIME

(mi)

(km)

PW pW PW PW PW pW pW PW pw pw PW pw PW pw PW pw PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW

9

WAAIUI POINT WAATCH POINT WAATCH POINT DESTR. ISLAND

10

DEIR. ISLAND

11

DESTR. ISLAND DES'TR. ISLAND

1 2 3

12 18 19 20 21 26 27 28 29 37 42 46 47 55 56 57 58 59 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 85

GRAYS HAR3JR

GRAYS HARJR GRAYS HARBJR GRAYS HARBOR C. DISAPPOINT. C. DISAPPOINT. C. DISAPPOINT. C. DISAPPOINT.

NEIALEN WECOMA BEACH WECOMA BEACH WECOMA BEACH YACHATS

YAcHATS YACHATS

YAHATS YACHATS EUREKA EUREKA

STRAW. PRAIRIE STRAW. PRAIRIE BROOKINGS BROOKINGS BROOKINGS

YJQUINA HEAD YAQUINA HEAD YAQUINA HEAD YAQUINA HEAD YAQtJINA HEAD

11.4 18.8 28.4 16.6 19.2 28.1 37.5 37.3 27.7 18.3 11.6

11.8 38.2 27.5 19.4 27.9 7.9 18.8 28.4 46.9 35.8 29.0 17.9 9.0 7.5 14.4 10.3 18.8 11.2 17.9 27.0 5.7 9.0 18.1 28.6 37.0

VOLUME

06/04/84 06/05/84 06/05/84 06/06/84 06/06/84 06/06/84 06/06/84 06/08/84 06/08/84 06/08/84 06/08/84 06/10/84 06/10/84 06/10/84 06/11/84 06/13/84 06/15/84 06/16/84 06/16/84 06/19/84 06/19/84 06/19/84 06/19/84 06/19/84 07/10/84 07/10/84 07/12/84 07/12/84 07/15/84 07/15/84 07/15/84 07/19/84 07/23/84 07/23/84 07/23/84 07/23/84

SAMPLE

SDRTED

TE!VIP

SAL. CULOR. A

FILERED \OLUME WLQME 1855 0700 1017 0932 1301 1353 1533 1535 1713 1911 2045 0858 1653 1835 1228 1537 1228 1211 1251 0839 0954 1113 1243 1409 0628 0943 0956 1357 0710 0754 0927 0719 0540 0720 0849 .724

58.79 72.26 66.78 80.96 70.18 70.89 78.00 79.10 87.58 68.97 61.17 75.27 70.83 76.77 70.56 84.16 63.63 50.33 78.96 97.95 104.55 112.79 120.56 112.49 117.21 108.05 150.96 133.83 127.44 184.86 213.92 92.22 183.13 136.48 183.13 184.55

(ml/100m) 85.0 42.9 14.9 7.4 5.6 4.2 5.1

46.7 18.2 13.0 19.6 6.6 25.4 2.6 4.2 7.1 7.8 1.9 1.2 413.4 7.6 0.8 1.6 1.7 281.5 180.4 102.6 20.1 54.1 37.8 65.4 57.4 139.2 71.8 49.1 27.6

17.0 5.5 1.4 2.4 2.8 1.4 3.8 2.5 1.1 5.7 9.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.2 199.0 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 170.6 74.0 46.3 6.7 10.9 5.4 30.3 19.5 38.2 20.5 24.5 11.9

(°C) (o/oo)(ug/l)

11.8 9.8 10.8 11.9

12.4 13.3 12.7 12.0 12.1 12.0 12.2 12.9 13.9 12.9 14.3 14.1 10.3 11.9 12.9 10.5 10.4 10.9 11.4 12.1 10.8 10.6 10.8 11.4 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.3 9.5 9.4 10.3 11.9

32.3 32.3 31.0 30.4 30.4 29.5 30.1 30.2 30.4 30.0 28.1 14.2 30.1 29.1 17.5 24.8 32.1 30.7 30.0 31.5 32.0 32.7 33.3 33.2 33.7 33.5 33.7 33.5 34.0 34.0 33.9 33.6 33.5 33.5 32.5 32.2

1.2 0.9 1.8 6.3 3.8 0.9 3.3

2.6 2.2 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.4 2.2 4.5 10.2 2.0 7.6 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 7.0 20.9 18.0 12.3 16.6

VESSEL COLL. CODE NUMBER

TRANSECT

DISTANCE DATE

TI ME

OFFiORE (km)

PW

Pw PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW

pw PW PW PW

pw PW PW PW

pw pw PW PW PW

pw PW

PW PW

PW

pw PW PW

PW PW PW PW

88 89 90 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 103 104 105 106 117 118 119 120 121 126 127 128 129 136 137 146 147 148 152 153 154 164 165 167 168

SIUSLAW RIVER SIUSLAW RIVER SIUSLAW RIVER WEODMA BEACH WECDMA BEACH WECOMA BEACH WECOtIA BEACH

WECOMA BEACH TILLAMOOK BAY TILLAIvIOOK BAY

TILLAMOOK BAY TILLAMOOK BAY SEASIDE SEASIDE SEASIDE SEASIDE OCEAN PARK

QUEES RIVER QUEETS RIVER

QUEES RIVER QUEETS RIVER SEA LION ROCKS AMPHITRITE PT. AMPHITRITE PT. AMPHITRITE PT. AMPHITRITE PT. BROOKS BAY BROOKS BAY SEA LION ROCKS SEA LION ROCKS SEA LION ROCKS QUINAULT RIVER QUINAULT RIVER QUINAULT RIVER WILLAPA BAY WILLAPA BAY WILLAPA BAY WILLAPA BAY

26.8 07/24/84 0317 17.3 07/24/84 0446 9.0 07/24/84 0600 4.4 07/25/84.0735 83 07/25/84 0906 9.6 07/25/84 1833 18.6 07/25/84 2000 29.2 07/25/84 2126 5.3 07/26/84 0837 10.9 07/26/84 0954 19.0 07/26/84 1104 28.6 07/26/84 1218 36.4 07/26/84 1556 27.1 07/26/84 1909 18.6 07/26/84 2030 9.8 07/26/84 2145 18.5 07/29/84 0512 44.4 07/29/84 1531 34.7 07/29/84 1657 25.9 07/29/84 1826 18.8 07/29/84 2035 11.1 07/30/84 0746 3.8 08/01/84 0544 11.2 08/01/84 0812 20.9 08/01/84 0927 28.9 08/01/84 1045 17.9 08/03/84 0538 26.9 08/03/84 0802 27.7 09/01/84 1738 18.3 09/01/84 1910 10.7 09/01/84 2037 36.2 09/02/84 1344 27.5 09/02/84 1508 23.3 09/02/84 1620 12.0 09/04/84 0944 18.5 09/04/84 1028 28.3 09/04/84 1307 37.1 09/04/84 1439

.OUJME

SAMPLE

9JRrED

TEMP

SAL. CHLOR. A

FI9ERED VOLUME VOLME (m )

163.98 144.26 156.93 192.72 131.86 132.70 117.63 129.29 153.84 131.01 147.07 183.13 181.73 150.74 174.68 145.10 183.17 135.24 122.42 119.61 126.50 144.76 94.10 121.46 149.33 99.46 144.40 151.44 188.31 141.78 146.70 173.80 163.67 145.61 161.21 149.99 180.09 155.46

(mi/bOrn )

207.3 162.9 59.8 119.3 37.9 18.0 28.0 278.4 49.4 51.1 54.3

12.5 20.3 17.9 26.9 589.2 73.7 24.4

8.1 21.7 34.7 29.0 175.3 135.8 160.7 160.8 107.3 198.0 18.5 42.3 180.6 75.3 10.9 13.0 151.9 0.0 52.7 41.8

(°c)

106.7 12.0 72.7 12.2 16.5 11.6 54.4 10.0 17.4 12.9 8.2 13.7 13.6 14.1 127.6 14.4 22.7 13.2 24.4 13.7 20.3 14.0 4.9 14.4 9.3 13.8 8.6 12.8 13.1 13.3 292.9 13.3 35.4 13.8 6.6 14.2 2.4 14.5 9.1 13.5 14.2 13.2 13.1 13.8 74.3 12.3 57.6 13.4 70.3 14.2 90.4 14.1 27.7 13.9 49.5 14.9 9.0 14.8 15.5 14.1 71.5 13.2 20.7 15.4 0.6 15.3 4.1 15.0 71.3 14.2 3.3 14.4 16.6 15.0 6.4 15.8

(o/oo)(ug/1) 32.7 4.2 32.9 3.1

33.2 10.4 33.4 29.4 31.6 3.7 31.2 1.8 30.9 1.2 31.3 0.6 31.4 2.2 31.1 1.4 30.4 1.1 30.9 0.7 31.3 2.8 31.5 3.7 31.2 0.6 31.9 1.2 27.2 13.7 31.8 0.3 31.8 1.9 32.2 5.9 32.8 1.0 32.0 1.4 31.0 7.1 30.0 3.1 29.3 1.4 29.5 1.9 31.2 1.6 31.2 1.3 31.5 4.7 31.2 7.1 31.7 31.9 32.1 32.4 32.0 32.4 32.4 31.8

7.1

0.8 0.0 2.7 2.5 2.3 1.6 0.5

VESSEL CULL. CODE NUMBER

TRANSECT

DISTANCE OFFSHORE

DATE

TIME

(km) Pw Pw Pw PW

PW

Pw PW

Pw Pw PW

Pw PW

Pw PW

Pw PW

BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS

175 176 177 178 182 183 184 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 1

2 3 4 5 6 7

8

14 16 17 18 19 21 22 26 31 35

36 37

SEASIDE SEASIDE SEASIDE SEASIDE CAPE LOOKOUT CAPE LOOKOUT CAPE LOOKOUT YAQUINA HEAD Y1QUINA HEAD YAQUINA BAY

YQUINA BAY YAQUINA HEAD

SIUSLAW RIVER SIUSLAW RIVER SIUSLAW RIVER SIUSLAW RIVER CAPE SCOPT CAPE SCOTT CAPE SCOPT MILBANKE SOUND MILBANKE SOUND MILBANKE SOUND MILB.ANKE SOUND MILBANKE SOUND

FLAMINGO INLET FLAMINGO INLET ENGLEFIELD BAY ENGLEFIELD BAY ENGLEFIELD BAY OTARD BAY

PT. CORI'MALLIS PT. CORNWALLIS CAPE ADDING'ION CAPE OMMANEY CAPE OMMANEY

CAPE EDGEOMBE

9.2 09/10/84 0850 37.0 09/10/84 1132 26.2 09/10/84 1255 16.1 09/10/84 1015 17.3 09/11/84 1420 9.2 09/11/84 1539 5.3 09/11/84 1820 4.9 09/14/84 0751 9.2 09/14/84 0900 18.6 09/14/84 1020 28.6 09/14/84 1134 38.1 09/14/84 1245 26.2 09/15/84 1255 19.2 09/15/84 1406 9.6 09/15/84 1512 4.0 09/15/84 1609 4.8 07/01/84 2235 40.2 07/02/84 0930 24.1 07/02/84 1212 8.0 07/02/84 2100 4.0 07/02/84 2305 16.1 07/03/84 0105 24.1 07/03/84 0340 32.2 07/03/84 0510 8.0 07/05/84 0715 24.1 07/05/84 1055 4.2 07/05/85 2156 8.0 07/06/84 0955 16.1 07/06/84 1145 8.0 07/06/84 2130 4.5 07/09/84 0742 8.0 07/10/84 0758 8.0 07/11/84 0947 24.1 07/12/84 1602 32.2 07/12/84 1740 4.5 07/13/84 0820

SAMPLE

9D1rED

FI9ERED 'VOLUME

'VOLL,ME

\'OLUME

(rn

)

175.17 150.95

(mi/lOOm )

137.0 17.8

138.49

12.9

133.57 154.59 131.92 157.07 100.17 173.93 113.31 120.34 129.74 140.43 114.95 141.37 142.49

168.4 44.6 212.2 130.5 124.7 63.2 101.4 62.3 138.7 46.2 62.6 205.1 173.3

81.70

97.9

69.23 63.96 79.19 68.17 62.71 100.64 89.54 93.87 54.95 70.52 66.92 65.27 63.88 59.42 70.01 69.96 86.47 89.79 86.75

26.0 7.8 56.8 498.7 143..5

44.7 27.9 37.2

1.8

22.6 67.2

1.5 9.3

50.4 82.8 35.7 8.0 44.5 17.2

TEMP

SAL. CHLIDR. A

(°C) (o/oo)(ug/1)

0.5 14.8 30.8 1.8 5.9 16.5 31.5 0.3 15.6

30.9

26.2 15.5 2.5 16.1 15.1 16.0 12.7 15.9 49.9 13.4 28.7 14.4 35.3 14.4 29.0 14.8 23.1 15.6 13.5 15.0 1.7 15.3 3.5 15.3 11.9 15.3

31.0 31.8 31.6 31.6 33.1 32.9 32.9 32.2 32.1 31.9 32.1 32.3 32.7

0.5 0.5 0.5

30.9

5.7

2.1

61.2

10.2

0.9

0.5 8.5 2.7 2.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.8

4.3 11.3 30.9 1.5 11.8 31.2 2.4 1.2 13.3 31.3 7.1 381.3 12.2 31.1 2.4 95.6 12.6 31.5 2.9 39.7 12.6 0.0 2.6 14.5 12.6 31.4 2.2 26.6 11.0 32.1 4.1 0.0 12.2 32.0 5.7 21.2 12.2 31.1 2.1 59.7 11.8 31.8 3.1 1.5 12.0 32.0 1.9 7.8 12.4 31.9 3.4 47.1 11.3 30.8 8.5 25.7 11.2 30.9 7.3 14.2 11.8 31.2 7.4 1.1 12.3 31.8 1.7 11.1 12.2 31.6 2.4 5.7 12.0 31.4 2.1

VESSEL COLL. TRANSECT CODE NUMBER

DISTANCE OFF-1ORE

DATE

TIME

(km)

BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS

38 39 40 41 52 53 55 56 59

60 64 65

CAPE EDGECOMBE CAPE EDGECOMBE CAPE EDGECOMBE CAPE EDGECOMBE HERBERT GRAVES HERBERT GRAVES GRAVES HARBOR GRAVES HARBOR GRAVES HARBOR LITUYA BAY LI'IUYA BAY LI'IIJYA BAY

8.0 07/13/84 1005 16.1 07/13/84 1208 24.1 07/13/84 1344 32.2 07/13/84 1617 8.0 07/18/84 0921 16.1 07/18/84 1153 4.3 07/19/84 0618 8.0 07/19/84 0817 32.2 07/19/84 1256 32.2 07/19/84 1910 8.0 07/20/84 1222 16.1 07/20/84 1428

VOLUME SAMPLE 9DRTED FIL'JERED VOLUME VOLME (m')

84.24 79.59 79.31 66.94 62.75

37.74 62.06 82.29 62.62 80.06 69.74 80.95

(mi/lOOm )

TEMP

SAL. CHWR. A

(°C) (o/oo)(ug/1)

5.9 6.2 1.2 22.4

1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

40.0

32.1

12.5

31.5

3.0

13.2 29.0 1.2 36.7 12.4 7.1 19.7

2.6 9.6 1.2 15.9 1.2 0.0 1.2

12.1 11.7 12.1 13.8 12.8 13.2 13.5

31.7 32.0 31.7 32.0 31.6 30.6 31.8

2.1 8.2 2.9 1.2 4.2 1.1 1.4

12.2 12.4 12.7 12.8

31.6 31.6 31.6 31.8

1.9 2.3 1.1

Appendix Table 2. Species list and number of taxa collected at each station for the Bering Sea (BS) and Pacific Warwind (PW) cruises in 1984. The data are listed in the following sequence: vessel, station, NODC species code, species, life history stage (A = adult, J = juvenile, L = larvae, Z = pupae) and estimated abundance per 100 cubic zoea, M = megalopae, p meters of water. 35

BS

001

002

6170010702 6170011003 61880301 6188030104 618906 8831023101 5001 6170010702 6188030104 61890604 83

HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

P?ATH4IS'IO PACIFICA CANCER SP. CANCER MAGISTER PINNOTHERIDAE SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS LYO1AETA

HYPECHE MEDUSARUM CANCER MAGISTER

J

35

004

6169120201 6170010702 61791801

CALLI OPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS

BS

007

M

A

HYPEHE MEDUSARUM EUPAUSIA PACIFICA

006

A A

CHAEIOGNATHA

6170010702 6174020101

35

L

M

003

005

z M z

PINNIXIA SP.

35

35

A A

1.22 2.44 2.44 1.22 4.89 1.22 1.44 2.88 1.44 1.44 1.44

A

3.12 3.12

A A

PANDALUS SP.

J

2.52 1.26 1.26

6169420301 6170010702 6174020907 61880301 6188030101 6188030102 6188030104 83 88260101 8831023101 8831080101 8840030201

HETEROPHOXUS OCULATTJS HYPEIJCHE MEDUSARUM

A A

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA CANCER SP. CANCER OREXONENSIS CANCER ATENNARIUS CANCER MAGISTER

A

CHAEIOGNATHA

A

SEBASTES SP.

J L

1.46 2.93 35.20 1.46 3934.28 7988.85 10.26 1.46 1.46 7.33 1.46 4.40

6169120201 6174020101 6174020907 6188030101 6188030102 88260101 8831022901 8831023101 8840030201 8845010101

CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA CANCER OREX)NENSIS

AMMODYTES HEXAPTERUS

1.60 16.08 78.81 M 1325.39 M 1220.84 1.60 1.60 L 1.60 L J 1.60 4.82 A

6170010702 6170011003 6174020101 6174020907

HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

A

PAATHE1IS'IO PACIFICA

A A A

HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM

SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

AGODPSIS VULSA NQUILUS JORDANI

CANCER ANTENNARIUS

SEBASTES SP. RADULINUS ASPRELLUS SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

RONQUILUS JORDANI

EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA

z M M

M

J L

A A A

J

10.93 0.99 18.87 34.77

33

BS

BS

BS

BS

ES

007

008

014 017

018

6188030101 6188030102 8831023101 8840030201

CANCER OREXX)NENSIS

617402 6174020101 6174020907 6188030101 6188030102

EUPHAUSIACEA

CANCER ANTENNARIUS SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS RONQUILUS JORDANI

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA CANCER ORE)3ONENSIS

N

CANCER ANTENNARIUS

M

5705 6174020101

TEUTHIDIDA EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA

L A

1.06

6174020907 6188030104 643001 883109

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA CANCER MAGISTER GBDMETRIDAE LIPARIDIDAE

A N A L

1.41

6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA 656603 IHNEUMONIDAE 88260101 SEBASTES SP. 8831023101 SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

A A L

19.42 1.49 2.98 1.49

A

1.53

A A

7.82 1.56 3.13 1.56 1.56

019

6174020101

ES

021

6169120201 CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCtJLUS 6169040104 AMPHITHOE SIMULANS 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

ES

022

031

L L

1022.45 322.93 0.99 1.98

A A A

EUHAUSIA PACIFICA

ES

ES

M M

EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA

1

83

CHAE'IOGNATHA

A A

8827020101

ANOPLOOMA Fl MBRIA

L

1.11 1.11

29.03 111.68 25.68 1.06 1.41 1.41 1.41

6169120201 ALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINI FERA 8747010201 CLUPEA HAPENGUS PALLASI

A A

6169120201 6188030104

CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCTJLUS

A

CANCER MAGISTER

M

2.85 1.42

L

1.68 1.68 1.68

ES

035

6169120201

CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS

A

3.46

ES

037

6169120201 CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS 6188030104 CANCER M?ISTER

A M

5.76 17.29

ES

038

6169120201 CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS 6188030104 CANCER M?ISTER

A N

4.74 7.12

BS

040

6169240101

ALLDRCHESI'ES BELLABELLA

A

1.26

ES

052

6188030104

CANCER MAGISTER

M

1.59

ES

056

6188030104

CANCER MAGISTER

N

8.50

34

PW

PW

PW

PW

PW

PW

001

002

003

009

010

011

6174020907 617916 61830602 618312 6187010501 61880301 6188030101 6188030102 6188030104 628201 6501 650101 8840030201

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA H IPRLYTIDAE PAGURUS SP. PORCELLANIDAE PUGETTIA PRODUCTA CANCER SP.

J

CANCER ORONENSIS

M M M A A

618312 61880301 6188030101 6188030102 6189020101 618906 8827010201 8831023101

PORCELLANIDAE CANCER SP. CANCER OREXONENSIS

CANCER ANTENNRIUS CANCER M?ISTER APHIDAE DIPTERA BRAcHYCERA RONQUILUS JORDANI

617916 61880301 6188030102 6188030104 628201 650101 650102 650301 88260101 8831023101 8840030201 61880301 6188030102 6189020101 618906 628201 650102 8831023101 8840030201

z

z

M M M z

EWATUS

SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

6183120202 PACHYCHELES RUDIS 61880301 CANCER SP. 6189020101 LOPHOPANOPEUS BELLUS 618906 PINNOTHERIDAE 8827010101 HEXAGRA}'IMOS DECAGRAM

1.70

z

L

LOPHOPANOPEUS BELLUS PINNOTHERIDAE OPHIODON

z

M

z

A

CANCER ANTENNRIUS

L L

M z M z

MUS

HIPFOLYTIDAE CANCER SP. CANCER ANTENNARIUS CANCER MAGISTER APHIDAE BRACHYCERA NEMA'IOCERA

TIPULIDAE SEBASTES SP. SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS RONQUILUS JORDAN I CANCER SP.

CANCER ANTENNARIUS WPHOPANOPEUS BELLtJS PINNOTHERIDAE AP IDAE

1.70 22.11 1.70 28.91

z

L z z

M M A A A A L L L z

M M z

NEMA'IOCERA

A A

SCORPAENIQiTHYS MARMORA'IUS RONQUILUS JORDAN I

L L

6188030102 CANCER ANTENNT4RIUS 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMATUCERA 8831023101 SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS 8840030201 RONQUILUS JORDANI

N

A A L L

5.10 27.21 5.10 3.40 5.10 1.70 1.70 1.70

2.76 13.83 1.38 24.91 1.38 2.76 1.38 5.53 1.49 1.49 4.49 1.49 2.99

1.23 2.47 2.47 1.23 3.70 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 2.47 9.88 1.42 2.84 1.42 1.42 1.42 4.27 2.84 62.69 2.82 1.41 1.41 1.41 4.23 35

PW

PW

PW

Pw

PW

Pw

PW

PW

012

018

019

021 026

027

037

042

6169120201 CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS 6188030104 CANCER MAGISTER 650102 NEMMOCERA 8827010101 HEXAGRAMMOS DECAGRAM MUS 8831023101 SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS 8840030201 RONQUILUS JORDAN I

6188030101 6188030102 6188030104 650102 8831023101

CANCER OREJNENSIS CANCER ANTENNPIRIUS

CANCER MISTER NEMMOCERA SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORAIUS

6188030102 CANCER ANTENNARIUS 6188030104 CANCER M?ISTER 8831023101 SWRPAENIQITHYS MARMORA'IUS 8840030201 RONQUILUS JORDANI

A M A J Li

L

M M M A Li

M M Li Li

61791801 618312

PANDALUS SP.

z

tORCELLANIDAE

z

650101 650102

BRACHYCERA

A

NEMA'IOCERA

A

6188030104 CANCER MAGISTER 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMA'IOCERA 8803030101 COLALABIS SAIRA 8831023101 SODRPAENIGITHYS MARMORA!IUS 6170040302 PRIMNO MACROPA 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA 618312 ORCELLANIDAE 6188030104 CANCER MAGISTER 650102 NEMMOCERA

M

A A L Li

A

A z

M

A

1.28 3.84 3.84 1.28 1.28 2.56

5.05 8.84 115.04 1.26 1.26

1.14 1.14 2.28 1.14 1.63 1.63 3.98 1.32

88.94 4.23 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18

6162020303 IDOTEA FEWKESI 650102 NEMA'IOCERA

A A

1.57 3.14

Pw

046

650102

NEMA'IOCERA

A

1.98

PW

055

6118010401 6162020303 6170011003 6174020101 6174020502 6174020907 61880301 6188030102 6188030104 628403

NBDC1LANUS RISTATUS IDOTEA FEWKESI

A

PARATHEMIS'IO PACIFICA EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA NYCTI PHANES SI MPLEX THYSAN)ESSA SPINIFERA CANCER SP. CANCER ANTENNARIUS

CICADELLIDAE

M M A

3.06 1.02 34.71 251.14 3.06 26.54 1.02 2.04 30.62 1.02

6162020303 6174020907

IDYTEA FEWKESI THYSA1OESSA SPINIFERA

Li

PW

36

056

CANCER MISTER

A A A A A z

A

0.95 0.95

6188030104

CANCER MAGISTER

M

3.82

Pw

057

6162020303

IDOTEA FEWKESI

A

0.88

Pw

058

6162020303 IDOTEA FEWKESI 650102 NEMMOCERA

A

0.82 2.48

Pw

PW

PW

PW

PW

059

072

073

074

076

6170010702 6188030102 6188030104 628201 650102 650401

HYPEJCHE MEDUSARUM

A

CANCER ANTENNARIUS CANCER MAGISTER APHIDAE

M M

NEMMOCERA

A

PSYCHODIDAE

A

0.88 0.88 1.77 0.88 0.88 0.88

5001200101 5113010102 61110501 616921 6170010103 6170010702 6170011003 6174020401 6174020907 6188030104 628201 650102 650301

WMOPTERIS PLANKnIONI S

A

17.91

LIMACINA HELICINA cONYOECIA SP. GAMMARIDAE HYPERIA MEDUSARUM HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM PARATHENISTO PACIFICA NEMA'IOSCELIS DIFFICILIS THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA CANCER MAGISTER APHIDAE

A A A A A A A

1.70

5001200101 5113010102 6170010702 6170011003 6174020101 6174020907 81130101 5113010102 6170010702 6170011003 6174020901 628201 650102

077

NEMA'IOCERA

TIPULIDAE

6170010103 6170010702 6174020907 6175

A

A M

A A A

IOMOPTERIS PLANK'IONIS

A

LIMACINA HELICINA HYPEROcHE MEDUSARUM PARATHEMIS'IO PACIFICA EU!AUSIA PACIFICA THYSANOESSA SPINI FERA OIKOPLEURA SP.

A

LIMACINA HELICINA HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM PARATHEMISW PACIFICA THYSANOESSA GREGARIA APHIDAE

A

NEMMOCERA

6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM 6170011003 PARATHEM I&.LO PACIFICA 6188030104 CANCER MAGISTER 628201 APH IDAE 650102 NEMAIOCERA 650401 PSYCHODIDAE 83

PW

A

CHAE'IOGNATHA

A A L A A

A A A

A A A A M

A A A A

HYPERIA MEDUSARUM

A

HYPECHE MEDUSARUM

A

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA DECAFODA

J J

1.70 0.85 1.70

7.67 5.97

7.67 0.85 0.85 20.47 0.85 0.85 0.92 4.62 37.94 0.92 0.92 0.92 136.97 5.96 11.92 0.66 1.32 0.66 0.66 1.49 0.74 0.74 3.73 2.24 2.24 2.24

4.70 20.40 1.56

0.78 37

PW

078

61830602 6256 628201 628402 650101 650102 657307 8300000101 8300000303

PAGURUS SP. PSXOPTERA APHIDAE

59

ARACHNIDA NFDCALANUS

6118010401

z A

A A

MEMBRACIDAE BRACHYCERA NEMAIOCERA

FORMICIDAE

EUKHNIA HAMATA SAGITTA ELEZANS

MEMBRACIDAE

A A A A A A A

CICADELLIDAE

A

ISTATUS

6170010702 HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM

PW

38

079

A A A A A

6174020907 6256 628201 628402 628403 629101 630903 6317110401 6324030101 6413020101 6413020102 650101 650102 656602 656703 656707 657307

MULSANTINA PICTA DIABIDTICA UNDECI MPtJNCTATA

83

CHAF1DGNATHA

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA PSJCOPTERA APHIDAE

AIDIIDAE HYDPHILIDAE HEMEIBIUS BISTRIGATUS HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS BRACHYCERA NEMNLOCERA BRACONIDAE

EULOPHIDAE ENCYRTIDAE FORM ICIDAE

6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM 617402 EUPHAUSIACEA 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA 6256 PSDCOPTERA 628201 APHIDAE 628402 MEMBRACIDAE 629101 APHIDI IDAE 630503 CARABIDAE 630903 HYDPHILIDAE 631001 STAPHYLINIDAE 6317110301 HIPFODAMIA ODNVE13ENS 6317110401 MtJLSANTINA PICTA 6413020102 HEMEROBIUS PACI FICUS 6413020103 HEM EIDBIUS STIGMATERUS 6464020101 CHORIS'IONEtJRA OCCIDENTALI S 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMNIOCERA 650301 TIPULIDAE 650401 PSYHODIDAE 652301 SYRPHIDAE 656602 BRACONIDAE 656603 I cHNEUMONIDAE 656703 EULOPHIDAE

A A A

A A A A A A A

A A A

1.56 0.78 6.27 2.35 0.78 0.78 0.78 3.92 11.77

1.08 10.81 20.01 1.62 12.98 41.11 3.24 1.08 1.62 0.54 1.62 0.54 1.62 1.08 7.03 9.73 1.08 0.54 0.54 0.54 3.24

A A

1.40 0.93 3.73 0.46 11.21 1.86 0.46 0.93 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.93 0.93 0.93 5.14 0.46 0.93 0.46 0.46 0.93 0.93

A

0.93

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

A A

A

656712 657307

PW 080 6188030104 629101 650101 83 PW

PW

081

082

CANCER MAGISTER APH IDI IDAE BRACHYCERA CHAFIOGNATHA

5001200102 ¶IOMOPTERIS SEPTE1TRIONALI S 6162020303 I1YEA FEWKESI 6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM 6170011003 PPIRATHEM ISIO PACIFICA 6174020101 EUPHAUSIA PACIFICA 6174020907 ThYSA1P3ESSA SPINIFERA 6188030101 CANCER ORONENSIS 6188030104 CANCER MAGISTER 6256 PSDCOPTERA 6271 HEM IPTERA 62740601 SALDULA SP. 628201 APH IDAE 6413020102 HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS 6413020103 HEM ErDBIUS STIGMATERUS 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMA'IOCERA 650301 TIPULIDAE 650401 PSYCHODIDAE 656602 BRACONIDAE 656603 I NEUMONIDAE 657307 FORM ICIDAE 875503 OSMERIDAE 88260101 SEBASTES SP. 6162020303 IDTEA FEWKESI 6170090801 STREETS IA CHALLENGERI 6188030104 CANCER MAGISTER 6256 PS3COPTERA 6271 HEMIPTERA 628201 APHIDAE 629101 APH IDI IDAE 630903 HYDPHILIDAE 6317110401 MtJLSANTINA PICA 6413020101 HEMEROBIUS BISTRIGATUS 6413020102 HEMEBIUS PACIFICUS 6413020103 HEMEROBIU5 STIGMATERUS 6464020101 CHORISIONEURA OCCIDENTALIS 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMA'IOCERA 650301 TIPULIDAE 650401 PSYCHODIDAE 652301 SYRPHIDAE 656602 BRACONIDAE 657307 FORM ICIDAE 83

875503

0.93 3.73

IORYMIDAE FORM ICIDAE

CHAFIOGNATHA OSMERIDAE

N

A A

A A A A A

A A N N

A A A A A

A A A A

A A A

A L L A A

71.56 1.08 2.16 24.94 0.54 0.54 6.55 2.18 0.54 0.54 1.09 4.36 13.10 1.63 0.54 43.13 1.09 1.63 4.36 1.09 3.27 0.54 1.63 1.63 2.73 0.54 0.54

2.19 0.73

A A A A A A A A

0.73 15.38 1.46 27.11 0.73 0.73 0.73 2.19 1.46 2.19 2.19 8.79 0.73 2.93 0.73 1.46 1.46 1.46 2.93

L

0.73

M

A A A A A A A A A

A

39

PW 083

PW

085

6162020303 IDOTEA FEWKESI 6256 PSJCOPTERA 6271 HFI4IPTERA 62740601 SALDULA SP. 628201 APHIDAE 6317110401 MULSANTINA PICTA 64130201 HE'1EROBIUS SP. 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEIIA'IOCERA

A

6170010702 6170011003 6256

CHAEOGNATHA

A A A A A A A A

SEBASTES SP.

L

LIMACINA HELICINA NEOCALANUS CRISTATUS ATYLUS TRIDENS HYPERIA MEDUSARUM HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM PARATHEMIS'IO PACIFICA STREETS IA CHALLENGERI

A A A A A A A

EUHAUSIA PACIFICA

L

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA

A

HIPR)LTIDAE

z

CANCER OREGONENSIS CANCER ANTENNARIUS

M M

HIPERA

A

APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE

A

6271 628201 6324030101 650101 83 88260101

PW 088

5113010102 6118010401 6169090101 6170010103 6170010702 6170011003 6170090801 6174020101 6174020907 6174020907 6174020907 617916 6188030101 6188030102 6271 628201 628403 629101 6413020102 6413020103 6413020201 650101 650102 650301 656603 83

8840030201

PW 089

HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM PARATHEIVIISIIO PACIFICA PSJCOPTERA HE4IPI'ERA

APHIDAE DIABROTICA tJNDECIMPUNCI'ATA

BRACHYCERA

APHIDI IDAE HFIVIEROBIUS PACIFICUS

HEMEIDBIUS STIGMATERUS MICROMUS VAPIOLOSUS BRACHYCERA

N1MOCERA TIPULIDAE

IHNEUMONIDAE CHAEIOGNATHA RONQUILIS JORDANI

50010218 LEPIDASTHENIA SP. 6169090101 ATYLUS TRIDENS 6170010702 HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

6170011003 PAATHIS1J.D 6170040302 6170090801 6174020101 40

PACIFICA PRIMNO MACROPA STREETS IA CHALLENGERI

EUFiAUSIA PACIFICA

A A A A A

A A

A

J L

A A A A A A A A A A L

A A A A A A A

0.54 5.46 1.63 3.27 3.27 0.54 0.54 4.36 0.54 0.54 1.08 80.73 0.54 14.08 8.66 1.08 1.62 0.54 1.21 0.60 0.60 0.60 7.92 18.90 13.41 25.61 0.60 16.46 1.21

1.21 4.26 2.43 3.04 34.76 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 3.04 3.04 3.65 0.60 7.92 1.21

0.69 1.38 13.17 18.02 13.17

9.70 6.23

6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA 617916 HIPLYTIDAE 6188030101 CANCER OREONENSIS 6188030102 CANCER ANTENNRItJS 6256 PSJOPTERA 62740601 SALDULA SP. 628201 APHIDAE 629101 APHIDIIDAE 6413020101 HEIROBIUS BIS'rRIGATUS 6413020102 HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS 6413020103 HE1EBIUS STIGMATERUS 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NENA'IOCERA 650301 TIPULIDAE 656603 IcHNEUMONIDAE

A

83

CHAE'IOGNATHA ENGRAULIS MORDAX

A

SEBASTES SP.

L L

8747020101 88260101 8831023101 PW

090

59

6256 628201 650101 650102 650301 650401 8300000303 PW

092

PW 093

SCORPAENICHTHYS M?RMORATUS

z M M

A A A

A A A A A A A

A

t

ARACHNIDA PSDCOPTERA

A

APHIDAE

A

BRACHYCERA NEMATOCERA

A A

TIPtJLIDAE

A

PSYCHODIDAE

A A

SAGITTA ELEGANS

A

5113010102 LIMACINA HELICINA 6170011003 PAATHEMIS1IO PACIFICA 6188030104 CANCER MAGI STER 6226010101 PANTALA HYMENAEA 6256 PSXOPTERA 6271 HE!"IIPTERA 628201 APHIDAE 628403 CICADELLIDAE 6317110101 OCCINELLA TRIFASCIATA 6413020101 HEMEROBIUS BISTRIGATUS 6413020102 HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS 6413020103 HERBIUS STIGMATERUS 6413020201 MICROMUS VARIOLOStJS 6464020101 HORISIONEURA OCCIDE17rALI S 650101 BRAHYCERA 875503 OSMERIDAE

A

6174020907 617916 6188030104 6271 628201 6413020101 643001 6464020101 646506

A M

A A A A A A

A A A A A

A L

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

L

F1IPLYTIDAE

z

CANCER MAGISTER HEMIPTERA APHIDAE HUVIEROBIUS BIS'IRIGATUS GBJMETRIDAE 1ORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALI S OECOPHORIDAE

M

A A

A A A A

31.88 1.38 9.01 1.38 2.07 0.69 56.84 0.69 0.69 1.38 0.69 7.62 2.77 1.38 0.69 4.15 0.69 2.77 0.69

0.63 4.46 12.74 1.91 1.91 1.91 0.63 7.64 1.03 1.03 1.03 0.51 1.55 1.55 2.07 1.03 0.51 0.51 1.55 3.11 2.07 12.45 4.66 0.51

0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 1.51 0.75 0.75 4.55 0.75 41

650101 PW

094

BRACHYCERA

6174020101 EUHAUSIA PACIFICA

095

PW 096

0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75

650101

BRACHYCERA

6271 875503

HEMIPTERA OSMERIDAE

A L

0.85 0.85

5001200101 IOM3PTERI S PLANK'IONIS 5706010101 WLIGO OPALESCENS

A L A

2.32 0.77 0.77 23.97 6.18 28.61 0.77 4.64 1.54 0.77 0.77 33.25 1.54 10.05 0.77 2.32 0.77 3.09 0.77 2.32 0.77 0.77 61.10 3.86 0.77 7.73 278.44 0.77 0.77 1.54 6.18 26.29 0.77 7.73 1.54

6162020301

IDOI'EA RESECATA

6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM

6170010901 6170011003 6170080101 617916 618312 6187010501 61880301 6188030101 6188030102 6188030104 6271 628201

LESTRIGONUS SHI ZOGENIOS PAATHEMIS'IO PACIFICA LYCAEA PULEX

z

£ORCELLANIDAE PUGETTIA PRODUCTA

M

CANCER SP. CANCER ORaX)NENSIS CANCER ANTENNARItJS CANCER MAGISTER HEMIPTERA APHIDAE

64130201 6413020101 6413020102 6413020103 6413020201 6464020101 650101 657307

HEMEROBIUS SP. HEMEROBIUS BISTRIGATUS HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS

83

CHAE'IOGNATHA ENGRAULIS MORDAX TACIOS'IOMA MACROPUS

HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS MICROMUS VARIOLOSUS HORISIONEURA OCCIDENTALIS BRACHYCERA

FORMICIDAE

8747020101 8759040301 8803030101 cOLOLABIS SAIRA 88260101 SEBASTES SP. 8826010108 SEBASTES CAURINUS 8826010111 SEBASTES DIP LOPROA 8826010143 SEBASTES CHWISTIC'I1JS 8831023101 SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS 8840030201 RONQUILIS JORDANI

Pw 097 6170080501 6174020101

A A A A

HIPLYTIDAE

6317110301 HIPDAMIA ONVEENS

TRYPHANA MALMI

EU1AUSIA PACIFICA 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA 618304 CALLIANASSIDAE 618312 RCELLANIDAE 6188030101 CANCER ORONENSIS 6256 PSJOPTERA 6271 HEM IPI'ERA 628201 APHIDAE 42

1.51

A A A A

6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA 6256 PSJCOPTERA PW

A

M

Z M M M

A A A A A A

A A A A A A

L L

L L L L L

L L

A

0.65 0.65 1.95 0.65 0.65 1.30 0.65

A

1 .30

A

3.25

A

L A

z z M

630503 C?RABIDAE 6317110201 ANATIS RATH\?ONI 6317110401 MULSANTINA PICTA 6413020103 HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS 6413020201 MICROMUS VARIOLOSUS 6464020102 CHORIS'IONEURA OCCIDENTALIS 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 N1A'IOCERA 650301 TI.PULIDAE 650401 PSYCHODIDAE 650508 HIRONOMIDAE 656603 IcHNEtJr'ONIDAE 656712 'IORYMIDAE 83

875503 88260101 8831023101 PW

Pw

PW

PW

098

099

100

101

CHAEIOGNATHA OSMERIDAE

SEBASTES SP. SCORPAENICHTHYS MARI'1ORATUS

A A

A A A A

L A A A

A A A A L L L

617001 HYPERI IDAE 6174020101 E.UPHAUSIA PACIFICA 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFEA 628201 APHIDAE 628403 CICADELLIDAE 650102 NEMA'IOCERA 650401 PSYCHODIDAE 875503 OSMERIDAE

A

616923 HYALELLIDAE 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA 6271 HEMI PTERA 628201 APHIDAE 628403 CICADELLIDAE 630503 CARABIDAE 64130201 HEMEROBIIJS SP. 6413020101 HEMERIUS BI STRIGATUS 6413020102 HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS 6413020103 HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS 6413020201 MICROMUS VARIOWSUS 6464020101 cHORISTIONEURA OCCIDENTALI S 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMA'IOCERA 650401 PSYCHODIDAE

A

6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM 6271 HEMI PTERA 6413020102 HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS

A A

A L A A A A L

L A A A A A A A A A A A A A

DIPTERA

A A A A

SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

L

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

A

EORCELLANIDAE

z

6413020103 6464020101 6501 8831023101

HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS cHORISWNEURA OCCIDENTALI S

6174020907 618312 6187010501 6256

PUGh.'ri'IA PRODUCTA

M

PJCOPTERA

A

0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 1.95 1.30 16.90 0.65 2.60 0.65 0.65 1.30 1.30 9.75 1.30 0.65 0.76 0.76 1.52 0.76 0.76 7.63 2.28 0.76

2.03 0.67 1.35 2.71 0.67 0.67 4.75 1.35 4.07 2.03 1.35 3.39 10.19 4.75 3.39 0.54 0.54 1.09 0.54 1.63 0.54 1.09

0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 43

6271 628201 6413020103 650101 650102 PW

P7

PW

PW

PW

103

104

105

106

117

HFIIIPTERA

APHIDAE HFIVIEROBI US SIGMATERUS

BRACHYCERA NEMA'IOCERA

617916 HIPLYTIDAE 6188030102 CANCER ATENNARIUS 628201 APHIDAE

A

6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA 628201 APE IDAE 650102 NEMA'IOCERA

A A

6118010401 6169090101 616923 6170010702 6170011003 6170090801 6174020907 6174020907 617916 61792201 6188030101 6501

NS

S CRISTAJS

ATYLUS TRIDENS HYALELLIDAE

HYPECHE MEDUSARUM

44

118

z

M

J

A A A

PAPATHEMIS'IO PACIFICA

A A

STREETS IA CHALLEERI THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

A A

THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA

L

HIPL'iTIDAE

z z

CRANGON SP. CANCER ORE)ONENSIS

DIPTERA

M A

83

CHAEGNAThA

A

875503 8831020803 8831023101 8831081501

OSMERIDAE COT'WS ASPER SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS STELLERINA XYOSTERNA

L L L L

5001 6170010702 6170011003 6174020907 6175 617916 61791605 61792201 6183060226 618312 6187010501 6188030101 8792010101 8826010111 8827010201 8840030201

LYCHAETA HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM

PARATHISIO PACIFICA

A A A

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

L

DECADA

Z

6271

HIWLYTIDAE

z

HEPTACARPUS SP. CRANGON SP.

J

PPLtJRUS SP.

M

ORCELLANIDAE

PUGETTIA PDUCTA CANCER OREZONENSIS

6187010501

Z z

M M

BROMOPHYCIS MAINATA

L

SEBASTES DIPLOPROA

L

OPHIODON EWNGATUS

L

RONQUILIS JORDANI

L

HEN IPTERA

A A A

6413020101 HEMEROBIUS BI STRIGATUS 6413020201 MICROMUS VARIOLOSUS 8831023101 ScORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS PW

A A A A A

PUGETI'IA PRODUCTA

1.65 19.25 0.55 2.75 4.95

0.66 0.66 2.65 0.57 0.57 1.14

0.68 0.68 0.68 19.29 0.68 0.68 1.37 1.37 0.68 0.68 8.27 0.68 2.06 1.37 1.37 2.06 0.68 1.09 0.54 1.63 0.54 4.91 1.63 0.54 4.36 1.09 0.54 2.18 1.63 0.54 0.54 0.54 1.63

L

0.73 3.69 0.73 0.73

M

0.81

62 54b 1

64130201 6413020201 650101 8831023101

PERLIDAE HEMEROBIUS SP. MICROMUS VARIOLOSUS BRACHYCERA SCORPAENIHTHYS MARMORATUS

A A A A L

0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 1.63

PW

119

6187010501 PUGETTIA PRODUCTA 628201 APHIDAE 6420 LEPIDOPTERA 8831023101 SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

N A A L

0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83

PW

120

6187010501 628201

M

2.37

A

0.79

Pw

121

Pw 126

PW

Pw

PW

127

128

129

61792201 6187010501 618803 6188030101 8747020101 88260101 8831023101

PUGETTIA PRODUCTA APHIDAE CRANGON SP.

z

PUGETIA PRODUCTA

N

CANCER SP. CANCER OREG)NENSIS ENGRAULIS MORDAX SEBASTES SP. SODRPAENIHTHYS MABMORATUS

M L L

59

ARAHNIDA

A

617916 618312 6187010501 61880301 6189020101 83 8831023101

HIPJLYTIDAE

z

LOPHOPAtOPEUS BELLUS CHAELOGNATHA SCORPAENIcHTHYS MARMORMUS

M

617001 6174020907 617916 6183120201 6187010304 6187010501 61880301 6188030104 650101 65380101 88260101 8831023101 8840030201

HYPERI IDAE

A A

BRACHYCERA EPHYDRA SP. SEEASTES SP. SCORPAENIHTHYS MARMORATUS RONQUILIS JORDANI

N P P L L L

617916 6183120201 6187010501 6188030104 650101 65380101 88260101

HIPLYTIDAE

z

PACHYCHELES PUBESCENS

N

PGGIJrrIA PROD(JCTA

N N

618312 6183120201

ORCELLANIDAE PACHYHELES PUBESCENS

RCELLANIDAE PUGETI'IA PRODUCTA CANCER SP.

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA HIPROLYTIDAE

PAHYHELES PUBESCENS CHIONOECETES TANNERI PUGETTIA PRODUCTA CANCER SP. CANCER MAGI STER

CANCER MAGISTER BRACHYCERA EPHYDRA SP. SEBASTES SP.

z

L

M M z

A L

z

N M M z

P P L z

N

0.69 3.45 0.69 4.83 6.21 0.69 4.83 1.06 1.06 19.12 6.37 1.06 1.06 3.18 8.50

0.82 0.82 1.64 10.70 0.82 16.46 2.46 1.64 4.11

2.46 4.11 0.82 0.82

0.66 12.72

2.00 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66

1.00 4.02 45

PW

PW

PW

PW

Pw

46

136

137

146

147

148

6188030104

CANCER MAGISTER

M

6170010702 6170011003 6174020907 618312 6183120201 6187010501 61880301 6188030101 8820020110 88260101 8831023101

HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM PARATHEIVIIS'IO PACIFICA

A A A z

57

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA RCELLANIDAE

PACHYHELES PUBESCENS PUGE'ITIA PDUCTA CANCER SP. CANCER OREXX)NENSIS SYNGNATHUS LEPIORHYNCHUS SEBASTES SP.

SCORPAENKiiTHYS MARMORMUS

E1AWDA

1.00

11.77 48.47 0.69 14.54 M 0.69 0.69 M 0.69 z M 101.80 0.69 L 0.69 L 5.54 L L

0.66 63.39 0.66 1.32 0.66 7.92 1.32 4.62 0.66

6170010702 6170011003 6174020907 617916 618312 6183120201 6188030101 650101 88260101

HYPEROHE MEDUSARtJM PAATHE1IS'IO PACIFICA THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

A

HI PLYTIDAE

z

BRACHYCERA SEBASTES SP.

A L

0.66

6170010702 6174020101 8820020110 8831023101

HYPECHE MEDUSARUM SYNGNATHtJS LEPIORHYNHUS

A A J

SCORPAENIHTHYS MARMORMUS

L

0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53

6170010702 6174020907 650101 8831023101

HYPEROCHE MEDUSARrJM

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA BRACHYCERA

A A A

SCORPAENIHTHYS MARMORMUS

L

5001 6169040117 6169040118 6169090101 6169240201 6169420918 6170010702 6170011003 617916 61791601 618312 6187010501 6188030101 6188030102 650102 657106 8747020101 8826010111 8831023101

PDRCELLANIDAE PACHYCHELES PUBESCENS

CANCER OREONENSIS

EUUAUSIA PACIFICA

LYCHAETA

A A z

M M

A

PERAMPH ITHOE HUMERALIS

A

AMPHITHOE LACERIOSA ATYLUS THIDENS HYALE FREXUENS

A

A

HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

A A A

PARATHEMIS'IO PACIFICA

A

PARAPHOXtJS ROBUSTA

HIPLYTIDAE

z

HIPPDLYTE SP. RCELLANIDAE

J

PUGETIA PRODUCTA

M M

z

CANCER OREO3NENSIS CANCER ANTENNARIUS

M

NENA1IOCEPA DIAPRI IDAE

A A

ENGRAULIS MORDAX

L L L

SEBASTES DIPWPROA SCORPAENICHTHYS MARMORATUS

3.52 0.70 1.41 8.46

0.68 0.68 0.68 1.36 0.68 0.68 5.45 0.68 1.36 0.68 1.36 1.36 9.54 2.04 1.36 0.68 0.68 2.04 17.04

PW

PW

PW

pw

PW

PW

152

153

154

164

165

167

5001 POLYCHAETA 6188030101 CANCER ORB3ONENSIS 628201 APHIDAE 650101 BRACHYCERA

A

6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA APHIDAE 628201 PSYCHODIDAE 650401

J

6170010702 HYPEROHE MEDUS?RUM 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA 628201 APHIDAE 875503 OSMERIDAE

A A A

5134060104 6169040117 6169090101 6169120201 6169210109 6169240101 6174020907 6174020907 618304 618312 6188030101 6188030102 628201 650102 650301 650401 8300000303 8747020101

DENDDUTUS SUBRAMOSUS

J

PERAMPHITHOE HUMERALIS ATYLUS TRIDENS CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS EDGAMMRUS CONFERVICOLUS

A A A

500124 6169120201 6170010702 6170090801 6174020907 617916 6179160102 6188030101 628201 630903 6413020102 6418070101 643001 650101 650102 650301

NEREIDAE CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS

A

HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM

A

STREETS IA CHALLENGERI THYSANOESSA SPINI FERA

A

500124 6169040117 6169120201 6169240101 6171010703

NEREIDAE PERANPHITHOE HUMERALIS

A

CALLIOPIUS LAEVIIJSCULtJS

A A

ALWRCHESTES BELLABELLA THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA CALLIANASSIDAE

RCELLANIDAE CANCER

OREONENSIS

CANCER ANTENNARIUS APHIDAE NEMA'IOCERA

TIPULIDAE PSYCHODIDAE SAGITI'A ELEANS ENGRAULIS MORDAX

M

A A A A

L

M M A

A A A A L

A J z

HIP)LTE CLARKI

J M

HYDROPH ILl DAE

HEMEFJBIUS PACIFICUS

LENARHUS RHO

GMETRIDAE BRACHYCERA N1A'IOCERA TIPULIDAE

ALWRCHESTES BELLABELLA CAPRELLA INCISA

0.61 1.22 0.61

0.68 1.37 0.68 0.68

1.24 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 A 4.34 A 0.62 A J 9656.96 49.62 z 0.62 M

HIPPOLYTIDAE CANCER OREGONENSIS APHIDAE

2.30 0.57 2.30 0.57

A A A A A A A A

A A

3.10 1.24

1.24 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 11.33 10.00 1.33 0.66 2.00 0.66 0.66 0.66

066

1.33 1.33 2.00

3.88 0.55 4.44

1.66 0.55 47

617916 HIPPOLYTIDAE 6188030101 CANCER ORE)ONENSIS 6271 HE1IPI'ERA 628201 APHIDAE 8831023101 SCORPAENIHTHYS MARMORATUS PW

Pw

168

175

z

M

A A

1.11 0.55 0.55 1.11

L

0.55

6170010702 HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM 6183120201 PACHYCHELES PUBESCENS 6188030102 CANCER ANTENNARIUS 8803030101 CO]Dr..ABIS SAIRA

A A

1.28 0.64 0.64 1.28

616923 6174020907 6256 650101

HYALELLIDAE THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

A

PCOPTERA BRACHYCERA

A A

0.57 1.14 0.57 0.57

HYPEROHE MEDUSARUM

A

0.66

A

M A L

16.47 0.74 53.90 3.74 0.74 0.74 8.98 0.74 145.24 3.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74

PW

176

6170010702

PW

178

5001 51 6169120201 616923 6170010103 6170010702 617402 6174020502 6174020907 6183120201 61880301 6188030101 6576080101 8803030101

OLYCHAETA GAS'IROPODA CALLI OPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS

HYALELLIDAE HYPERIA MEDUSARUM

HYPEHE MEDUSARUM EUPHAUSIACEA NYCTIPHANES SIMPLEX THYSANOESSA SPIN IFERA PACHYCHELES PUBESCENS CANCER SP. CANCER OREONENSIS APIS MELLIFERA COLOLABIS SAIRA

M L

L

J

A A A A A A

A M z

PW

182

500114 ALCIOPIDAE 6169120201 CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCtJLUS 6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM 6174020907 THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

A A A A

1.29 1.29 3.88 0.64

pW

183

6162020303 616923 6170010702 6501 650102 8747020101

IDYTEA FEWKESI HYALELLIDAE HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM DIPTERA

A A A

NEMMOCERA

A

ENGRAULIS MORDAX

L

1.51 0.75 2.27 0.75 0.75 1.51

6413020102 8747020101

HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS ENGRAULIS MORDAX

A L

0.63 1.27

6188030101 6246020101 6256 6271 628201 628403 64130201

CANCER OREQJNENSIS ZOOTERMOPSIS SP. PSJcDPTERA HEMIPTERA APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE

M

0.99

A A A A A A

0.99 492.16 7.98 4.99

PW

pW

48

184 196

HE11EROBIUS SP.

P

0.99 0.99

6413020103 HUROBIUS

STIGMATERUS

6464020101 CHORIS'IONEtJRA OCCIDENTALIS 650101 BRACHYCERA NEMAWCERA 650102 SYRPHIDAE 652301 BRACONIDAE 656602 656804 CYNIPIDAE 657105 CERAPHNIDAE 657307 FORMIC IDAE 657501 SPHECIDAE 8831021801 LEP'IOCOTTtJS ARMATUS pw

PW

Pw

197

198

199

A A A A

A A A A

A A L

PIRACHNIDA

A

6169120201 6256 6271 628201 628403 629101 631001 6317110501 6413020102 6413020103 6420 650101 650102 65050301 656602 656603 656803 657307 657501

CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS PSDCOPTERA

A A

HFIUIIP'rERA

A A

6170010702 6170011003 6256 6271 628201 628403 6413020103 650101

HYPEROHE MEDUSPRUM

5001 6162020301 6169120201 616923 6170010103 6170010702 6256 6271 628201 628403 630503 631001 6317110401

FOLYcHAETA IDOTEA RESECATA CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS HThLELLIDAE HYPERIA MEDUSRCJM

59

APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE APHIDIIDAE STAPHYLINIDAE DALIA BIPUNCTATA HE1EROBIUS PACIFICUS HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS LEPIDOPTERA NEMA'IOCERA

A A A A A A A A A

CtJLEX SP.

A

BRACONIDAE

A A A A A

BRAHYCERA

IHNEUMDNIDAE FIGITIDAE FORMIC IDAE SPHECIDAE

PARATHEMIS'IO PACI FICA

PSDCOPTERA HEMIPTERA APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS BRACHYCERA

HYPEDCHE MEDUSARUM

PCOPTERA HEMIPTERA APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE CARABIDAE STAPHYLINIDAE

MULSANTINA PICA

A A A A A

A A A

A A A A A A A A A A A A

A

1.99 0.99

1.99 5.98 0.99 0.99 1.99 0.99 37.93 0.99 1.99

0.57 0.57 0.57 121.8.8

22.99 12.64 0.57 0.57 2.29 0.57 1.72 1.14 11.49 5.17 0.57 0.57 9.19 0.57 2.87 2.29

0.88 0.88 20.29 52.06 10.59 5.29 0.88 0.88

6.64 0.83 4.98 0.83 0.83 1.66 23.26 49.02 10.80

7.47 0.83 0.83 0.83 49

64130201 650101 650102 656603 656803 657307 200

HE'1EROBIUS SP. BRACHYCERA

NEIWIOCERA

IHNEtJM3NIDAE

FIGITIDAE FORMIC IDAE

500114 ALCIOPIDAE 5134060104 DEND1DNOTUS SUBRAMOSUS 6169120201 CALLIOPItJS LAEVIUSCtJLUS HYALELLIDAE 616923 6170010702 HYPEROCHE MEDUS?RUM 6174020101 EtJEHAUSIA PACIFICA 6174020905 THYSANOESSA LONG IPES

PW

201

6174020907 6256 6271 628201 628403 630503 630903 6317110401 6413020102 6413020103 650101 650102 656602 656603

THYSANOESSA SPINIFERA

616921 6170010702

GAMMARIDAE HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

PSDCOPTERA HEMIPTERA APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE CARABIDAE HYDROPH ILl DAE

MULSANTINA PICA HEMEROBIUS PACIFICUS HEIvIEROBIUS STIGMATERUS BRAHYCERA NEI1A'IOCERA BRACONIDAE ICHNEUMONIDAE

6174020101 EUAUSIA PACIFICA 6256 PCOPTERA HEMI PI'ERA 6271 628201 APHIDAE CICADELLIDAE 628403 6317110601 CYCLONEDA LITA BRAHYCERA 650101 pW

202

203

A A A A A A A A

1.54 1.54 2.31 0.77 3.08 1.54 0.77 1.54 4.62 58.57 7.70 9.24 0.77 1.54 1.54 0.77 1.54 3.85 1.54 0.77 3.85

A A A A A A A A A A A A

A A A A A A A A A A

0.71 3.56 0.71 0.71 7.12 5.69 2.84 0.71 1.42

HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

A

PCOPTERA

A

6271 628201

HEI1IPTERA APHIDAE HEMEROBIUS STIGMATERUS

A A A

BRACHYCERA

A

6.08 1.73 0.86 4.34 2.60 0.86

ARACHN IDA

A A A A A A A A A

0.70 4.24 0.70 8.48 0.70 2.12 2.82 1.41 0.70

59

6169120201 616923 6170010702 6179160102 6256 6271 628201 630903 50

0.83 2.49 0.83 2.49 0.83 0.83

6170010702 6256 6413020103 650101

Pw

A A A A A A

CALLIOPIUS LAEVIUSCULUS HYALELLIDAE HYPEROCHE MEDUSARUM

HIPPOLYTE CLARK I

PCOPTERA HEMIPI'ERA APHIDAE HYDROPHILIDAE

656603 657307 8826010111 pW

204

FORMICIDAE

A A

SEBASTES DIPWPROA

L

IHNEUMONIDAE

6169120201 CALLIOPIUS LAESJIUSCULUS 6170010702 HYPECHE MEDUSARUM 6170080101 LYCAEA PULEX 6256 PSJCOPTERA HEMIPTERA 6271 APHIDAE 628201 CICADELLIDAE 628403 6317110301 HIPDAMIA CONVEENS HEMEBIUS SP. 64130201 650101 BRACHYCERA 650102 NEMA'IOCERA 657307 FORMICIDAE 8826010111 SEBASTES DIPLOPROA

A A

A A A A A

A A

A A

A L

1.41 1.41 0.70

0.70 7.71 0.70 9.12 2.80 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70

51

Appendix Table 3. Detailed comparison of the numerical percentage of stomach contents of juvenile salmon pooled for one station (ri) and neuston collections (p.) taken at the same station. Only those taxa which make up at least l.d% of the total food or neuston for that station were included. Also given is the Linear Index of Food Selection (L) for each taxa. STATION: 84-010 DATE: June 6 NUMBER OF STOMACHS: 5 MEAN FULLNESS: 2.8 PSI: 4.0

PREDATOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Destruction Island 16.6 km NUMBER EMPTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 2.7 STOMACH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 3 of 11 (27.2%)

Species

Cancer oregonensis meg. Cancer sp. zoea Calanus sp. Crangon sp. zoea Cottidae larvae Sebastes sp. Pinnotherid zoea Lophopanopeus bellus meg. Aphidae Scorpaenichthys marinoratus Cancer anténnarius meg.

48.7 26.8 16.7 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.8

0.4

Neiratocera

Ronquilus jordani

STATION: 85-011 DATE: June 6 NUMBER OF STOMACHS: 8 MEAN FULLNESS: 1.2 PSI: 23.7

Species

Cancer antennarius meg. Calanus pacificus Calanus marshallae Cancer magister meg. Hemilepidotus spinosus Cancer sp. zoea Brachycera Nerratocera

Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Ronquilus jordani

52

L

pi

0.49 0.25 0.17 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.80

1.8

1.8 1.8 1.8 3.6 3.6 5.5 80.0

PREDATOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Destruction Island 28.1 km NUMBER EMPTY: 1 MEAN CONDITION: 1.6 STOMACH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 1 of 6 (16.7%)

r

30.0 30.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 23.7

L

pi

0.30 0.30 0.03 0.03

25.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 37.5

-

0.03 0.01 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.38

STATION:

84-012

PREDA'IOR SPECIES: Coho

DATE: June 6

LOCATION: Destruction Island

NUMBER OF SWMACHS: 10

NUMBER flVIPTY: 1

MEAN FULLNESS:

PSI: 27.3

2.4

Species

Thysanoessa spinifera Cancer magister meg. Hemi lepidotus spinosus Sebastes sp. Cancer sp. zoea Tipulidae Calliopius laeviusculus Hexagrammos decagrainmus Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Ronquilus jordani Nematocera

STATION: 84-018 DATE: June 8 NUMBER OF S'IOMACHS: 11 MEAN FULLNESS: 2.5

PSI: 43.9

Species

Cancer antennarius meg. Cancer sp. zoea Hemi lepidotus spinosus Cancer oregonensis meg. Sebastes sp. Ainmodytes hexapterus Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Pugettia producta meg. Emerita analoga zoea Nematocera Cancer magister meg.

37.5

km

MEAN CONDITION: 2.3 S'IOMAcH TAXA IN NEUSION: 1 of

6 (16.7%)

r

L

39.3 41.6 5.9 4.8 2.3 1.2

pi

0.39 27.3

9.1 9.1 9.1 18.2 27.3

PREDAIOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Grays Harbor

0.14

0.06 0.05 0.02 0.01

- 0.09 - 0.09 - 0.09 - 0.18 - 0.27

37.3 km

NUMBER EI'IPTY: 1

MEAN CONDITION:

2.7

S'IOMAcfl TAXA IN NEUSION: 4 of 10 (40.0%)

r

38.7 6.3 6.3 7.2 2.7 1.8 2.7 1.0 1.0 32.8

pi 6.7

3.8 1.0 1.0 87.5

L

0.32 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01

- 0.01 - 0.55

53

STATION: 84-019 DATE: June 8 NUMBER OF STOMACHS: 10 MEAN FULLNESS: 3.5

PSI: 9.3

PREDATOR SPECIES: Chinook LOCATION: Grays Harbor 27.7 km NUMBER E1PTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 2.7 STOMACH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 3 of 19

Species

Crangon sp. zoea Osneridae larvae Thysanoessa spinifera Neocalanus cristatus Cancer oregonensis meg. Euphausia pacifica Metridia pacifica Parathemisto pacifica Hippolytidae zoea Pagurus sp. meg. Cancer antennarius meg. Ronquilus jordani Cancer magister meg. Scorpaenichthys marmoratus

STATION:

84-027

DATE: June 10 NUMBER OF S'IOMACHS: 8 MEAN FULLNESS: 3.4

PSI: 18.1

Species

Sebastes sp. Hemi lepidotus spinosus Hexagramiios decagrairmus

Nematocera Cololabis saira Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Brachycera Cancer magister meg.

54

L

pi

31.4 12.8 12.2 11.6 6.3 4.1

2.9 2.3 1.7 1.2 8.7 0.6

20.0 20.0 20.0 40.0

(15.8%)

-

0.31 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.11

- 0.19 - 0.20 - 0.40

PREDATOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Cape Disappointment 38.2 km NUMBER EMPTY: 1 MEAN CONDITION: 2.4 STOMACH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 1 of 4 (25.0%)

r

pi

0.36 0.36 0.09

36.3

36.3 9.0 1.4

18.1

L

1.4 1.4 4.3 91.3

- 0.01

- 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.04 - 0.73

STATION: 84-027 DATE: June 10

NUMBER OF SWMACHS: 5 MEAN FULLNESS: 4.0 PSI: 0.0

PREDAWR SPECIES: Chinook WCATION: Cape Disappointment 38.2 NUMBER ENPTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 3.1 S'IOMAcH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 0 of 4 (0.0%)

Species

Hemilepidotus spinosus Cancer sp. zoea Ophiodon elongatus Ronquilus jordani

53.8 30.7 7.6 7.6

Ne matocera

1.4

Cololabis saira Scorpaenichthys marinoratus Brachycera

1.4 1.4 4.3 91.3

Cancer Inagister meg.

STATION: 84-092 DATE: July 25

NUMBER OF SWMACHS: 6 MEAN FULLNESS: 3.8 PSI: 45.2

Species

Parathemisto pacifica Choristoneura occidentalis Hyperoche medusarum Cancer oregonensis meg. Atylus tridens Thysanoessa spinifera Coccinella trifasciata

Micromus var iolosus Hemerobi idae Brachycera

-

-

0.54 0.31 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.91

PREDMOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Wecorna Beach 4.4 km NUMBER E!4PTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 3.5 S'IOMACH TAXA IN NEUS1ON: 7 of 14 (50.0%)

r1

p1

44.0 39.7 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.0

2.9 35.5

Pant ala hymenaea

Osmeridae larvae Limacina helicina Cancer magister meg. Cicadellidae Psocoptera Hemiptera Aphidae

L

Pi

1.3

0.4 0.9

3.8 0.4

1.4 1.4 1.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 4.4 4.4 5.9 5.9 13.6 13.3

L

-

0.41 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.13

55

STATION: 84-094 DATE: July 25

PREDA'IOR SPECIES: Coho

NUMBER OF S'IOMACHS:

MEAN FULLNESS:

PSI: 20.8

7

3.0

Species

Chor istoneura occidentalis Parathemisto pacifica Cancer oregonensis meg. Ronquilus jordani Cancer antennarius meg. Hyperoche medusarurn Ophiodon elongatus Clupea harengus pallasi Nematocera Sebastes sp. Thysanoessa spinifera Euphausia pacifica Brachycera Psocoptera

56

WCATION: Wecoma Beach NUMBER EMPTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION:

9.6

km

2.6

S'IOMACH TAXA IN NEU$"ION: 3 of

r

21.3 18.7 9.8 7.3 6.7 4.1 4.1 2.6 2.6 1.5 12.0 8.3 0.5

p1

17 (17.6%)

L

0.21 0.19 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02

25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0

- 0.13 - 0.17 - 0.24 - 0.25

STATION: 84-097 DATE: July 26 NUMBER OF S'IOMACHS: 9 MEAN FULLNESS: 1.6

PSI: 28.5

PREDA'IOR SPECIES: CohO LOCATION: TillaIroOk Bay 5.3 kin NUMBER EMPTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 1.8 S'IOMAH TPXA IN NEUS'ION: 8 of 14

pi

Species

Euphausia pacifica Atylus tridens Microgadus proximus Thysanoessa spinifera Hemerobi. idae

Cancer antennarius meg. Ronquilus jordani Citharichthys stigiaeus thor istoneura occidentalis Hemiptera Chaetognatha Cancer oregonensis Brachycera Torymidae Sebastes sp. Psychodidae Aphidae Osmeridae Nernatocera

30.0 13.4 7.5 8.9 6.0 4.4 4.4 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.5

6.0 10.4

1.2 3.7 1.2

3.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.9 6.1 18.3 31.7

(57.1%)

L

0.29 0.13 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02

- 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.01 - 0.02 - 0.02 - 0.02 - 0.02 - 0.05 - 0.06 - 0.12 - 0.21

57

84-098 DATE: July 26 STATION:

NUMBER OF STOMACHS: 10 MEAN FULLNESS: 0.7

PSI: 25.8

Species

Thysanoessa spin i fera

Cancer magister Choristoneura occidentalis Hemerobi idae

Hemiptera Caprella incisa Brachycera Euphausia pacifica Aphidae Cicadellidae Osmeridae Psychodidae Nematocera

STATION: 84-099 DATE:

July 26

NUMBER OF STOMACHS: 7 MEAN FULLNESS: 2.6

PSI: 28.9

PREDATOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Tillainook Bay NUMBER EI1PTY: 4 MEAN CONDITION: 1.2

r1

pi

32.1 17.8 14.3

10.5

7.1 7.1 3.6 3.6 7.1

7.1

Hemerobi idae

Brachycera

58

5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 15.8 52.7

PREDATOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Tillainook Bay

9 (33.3%)

L

0.22 0.18 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.02

- 0.05 - 0.05 - 0.05 - 0.16 - 0.46

19.0'

NUMBER EZIPrY: 1

MEAN CONDITION: 2.1 STOMACH TAXA IN NEUSTON: 6 of

pi 77.0 1.2

0.4

Micromus var iolosus

Hyalellidae Aphidae Psychodidae Nematocera

km

STOMACH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 3 of

Species

Choristoneura occidentalis Thysanoessa spinifera Cicadellidae Carabidae Hemiptera

10.9

1.6 14.8 3.1

7.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.1 3.1 4.7 6.2 7.8 10.9 28.1 23.9

11 (54.5%)

L

0.69 0.00

- 0.02 - 0.02 - 0.03 - 0.03 - 0.05 - 0.06 - 0.08 - 0.09 - 0.13 - 0.21

STATION: 84-105 DATE: July 26 NUMBER OF S'IOMACHS: 10

MEAN FULLNESS: 2.8 PSI: 27.6

PREDA'IOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Seaside 9.8 km NUMBER EMPTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 2.5 S'IOMAcH TAXA IN NEUS1DN: 5 of 15 (33.3%)

Species

Cancer oregonensis meg. Cancer magister meg. Pachycheles rudis meg.

79.7 8.2 1.0

19.1

Dipt era

08

Atylus tridens Parathemisto pacifica Neocalanus critatus Hyalellidae Streetsia challengeri

0.3

1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 3.1 3.1 4.8 4.8 6.2 44.5

0.1

Hippo lyt idae

Crangon sp. zoea Stellerina xyosterna Osmeridae Cottus asper Chaetognatha Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Thysanoessa spin ifera Hyperoche medusarum

L

pi

0.1

7.3

-

0.61 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.37

59

STATION: 85-147 DATE: Sept. 1 NUMBER OF S'IOMACHS: 5

MEAN FULLNESS: 1.6 PSI: 3.3%

PREDA1IOR SPECIES: Coho

LOCATION: Sea Lion Rocks 18.3 km NUMBER E4PTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 2.5 S'IDMAH TAXA IN NEUSION: 2 of 11 (18.2%)

Species

L

pi

Parathemisto pacifica Cancer oregonensis meg. Limacina helicina Thysanoessa spinifera Brachycera Hyperoche medusarum Scorpaenichthys marmoratus

STATION: 84-165 DATE: Sept. 4

NUMBER OF SWMACHS: 5 MEAN FULLNESS: 3.2 PSI: 34.9

93.2 2.5 1.7 1.2 1.1

-

PREDMOR SPECIES: Coho LOCATION: Willapa Bay 18.5 km NUMBER a4PTY: 0 MEAN CONDITION: 2.4 SIDMAH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 3 of 5 (60.0%)

Species

L

pi

Engraulis llDrdax Parathemisto pac i fica

48.0 8.4

Cancer oregonensis meg. Hyperoche medusarum Thysanoessa spinifera Calliopius laeviusculus Streetsia challengeri Hydrophilidae Heirrobjjdae Lenarchus rho Geometridae Brachycera Nenatocera Aphidae Tipulidae Hippolytidae

8.1 3.7 31.1

60

5.0 10.0 25.0 60.0

0.93 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.10 0.24 0.60

1.9 1.9 32.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.8 3.8 5.6 5.6 32.1

-

0.48 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.32

STATION: 85-196 DATE: Sept. 14 NUMBER OF SIOMACHS: 8 ME1N FULLNESS: 2.5 PSI: 43.1

Species

Engraulis mordax Hyperia medusarum

PREDAWR SPECIES: Chinook LOCATION: Yaquina Head 4.9 km NUMBER EMPTY: 1 MEAN Ct)NDITION: 2.4 S'IOMACH TAXA IN NEUS'ION: 6 of 10 (60.0%)

r

Hemerobi idae

22.7 11.3 6.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 2.3 2.3

Hemiptera Formicidae Psocoptera

2.3 38.6

Brachyce ra

Atylus tridens Cicadell idae

Aphidae Parathemisto pacifica

pi

0.4 0.2 1.0 0.6

1.1 6.7 86.8

L

0.23 0.11 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 - 0.01 - 0.04 - 0.48

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