The Opioid Epidemic in America - Elsevier

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show frequently occurring keyphrases include: pain management, opioid antagonists (such as naloxone), prescription drug
The Opioid Epidemic in America

The Research Behind Understanding, Preventing and Treating Addiction

Both opioids and the current epidemic have long been a focus of scientific research; with Scopus® data from 2011-2016, we used SciVal to analyze scholarly output, research impact, trending topics, and top researchers on both topics.

The past 50 years have seen a growing epidemic of opioid addiction and abuse emerge in the United States; in 2015 alone, opioid medications, both legal and illegal, caused over 30,000 fatalities, triple the number of overdoses reported the entire 15 years prior.1

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Research Referencing Opioids (1950-2015) Worldwide, research referencing opioids in any context increased by a factor of 54 between 1950 and 20152

Global USA

10,000 9086

8172

8,047 8118

8184 8246

8435

8704

8734 8480

7720

8,000 Publications

8315

7357

6422

5,843 5870

6,000

5255

4,652 4467 3874

3833

4,000

4340

4528

4458 3754

4350

4564

5056

5213 5274 5271

5407

3902 3976

3360

2,726 273928002810

2991 2717

2231 1713

2,000

155161 24 25

659

467 258 237 228 213 213 194 214 236 163 179 212 100 20 26 32 19 33 32 39 33 37 48 45 69

497 89477

1,013 856

663 733 546 640

761

1251 1122 1167 1163 1152 1,088

1,817 1447

1417

2,020

2007 20592030 21012095 1992 1991 2102 1578 1644 1554

1329

1460 1491

2852

3029

3,0453020 2882

2890 2962

3022

3204

3326

3288 3161

2284

1642 1556 1680

221

179 79 89 119 104 113

1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

4151

4833

Research output referencing opioids, 1950-2015

Top Journals Based on number of publications referencing opioids

Anesthesia & Analgesia

4,242 publications

European Journal of Pharmacology

3,348 publications

Anesthesiology Journal

2,983 publications

British Journal of Anaesthesia

2,970 publications

Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics

2,962 publications

All data taken from SciVal or Scopus on May 31, 2017. Scopus® data from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 2016 and includes all publication types (articles, papers, surveys, reviews, editorials, etc.) where search terms were mentioned in the title, abstract, or keywords.

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About Scopus Scopus® is the world’s leading abstract and citation database, and is used by institutions, governments, as well as for university rankings around the world. For more information, visit scopus.com.

The Opioid Epidemic in America

The Research Behind Understanding, Preventing and Treating Addiction

Opioid Misuse & Addiction in the United States Data from the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse indicates:3

Roughly

Between

An estimated

Approximately

of patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain misuse them

develop an opioid use disorder

who misuse prescription opioids transition to heroin

of people who use heroin first misused prescription opioids

21-29%

8-12%

4-6%

80%

Research Referencing Opioid Addiction (1950-2016) 4 Scholarly output focused on opioid addiction represents a fraction of all research referencing opioids, with a particularly noticeable spike between 1969 and 1974:

The most prolific institutions focused on opioid addiction, use disorder, misuse & overdoses over the last 65 years are largely from the United States:

50%

Publications 1950-2016

40%

30%

20%

10%

2013

Percentage of all opioid-referencing research focused on addiction, 1950-2016

2016

2010

2007

2001

2004

1995

1998

1992

1989

1983

1986

1977

1980

1971

1974

1965

1968

1959

1962

1953

1956

1950

0

Institution

Country

1,107

VA Medical Center

US

669

Yale University School of Medicine

US

586

National Institute on Drug Abuse

US

536

Harvard Medical School

US

471

King's College London

UK

446

University of Pennsylvania

US

438

The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine

US

420

University of California, San Francisco

US

408

University of California, Los Angeles

US

404

University of New South Wales

AUS

Cocaine-Related Disorders

Maintenance

Research focused on treatment and prevention of opioid addiction show frequently occurring keyphrases include: pain management, opioid antagonists (such as naloxone), prescription drug misuse, and opioid substitution treatment. SciVal’s word cloud previews the growing (orange) and declining (blue) keywords and phrases found in this research area.

Pain Management

Naltrexone Harm Reduction

Comorbidity

Therapeutics

Cocaine

Heroin Dependence Narcotic Antagonists Receptors, Opioid, mu

Substance-Related Disorders

Methadone

Pain

Opioid-Related Disorders Drug Users

Oxycodone

Buprenorphine Alcohols

Prescription Drugs

Heroin

Analgesics, Opioid

Pharmaceutical Preparations Injections

Morphine Dependence Methamphetamine

Narcotics

Chronic Pain

Drug Overdose

Reward

Opiate Substitution Treatment

HIV

Patients Prescriptions

Naloxone

Cannabis

Morphine

Substance Abuse Detection

Street Drugs

Risk Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Primary Health Care Prescription Drug Misuse

1) Rudd, R. A., Seth, P., David, F., & Scholl, L. (2016). Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2010–2015. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 65 (5051), 1445-1452. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm655051e1

3) National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2017). Opioid Crisis. Retrieved May, 2017, from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-crisis

2) Search performed in Scopus using the following terms: “opioid, opiate, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, propoxyphene, hydromorphone, meperidine, pethidine, diphenoxylate, methadone, morphine, or codeine“

4) Search performed in Scopus using the following terms: “opioid, opiate, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, propoxyphene, hydromorphone, meperidine, pethidine, diphenoxylate, methadone, morphine, codeine, or heroin”, AND "addiction, 'use disorder,' misuse, or overdose"