Jun 1, 2004 - ... COMMAND. KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, NM 87117-5776 .... Commonly executed .... polymorphous computing environment. The four ...
AFRL-VS-PSTR-2004-1024
AFRL-VS-PSTR-2004-1024
The Raw Fabric: A Technology for Rapid Embedded System Customization Anant Agarwal, Saman Amarasinghe Lab. For Computer Science, NE43-624 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139
01 June 2004
Final Report APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.
AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY Space Vehicles Directorate 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, NM 87117-5776
DTIC COPY AFRL-VS-PS-TR-2004-1024 Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for any pu!-pose other than Government procurement does not in any way obligate the U.S. Government. The fact that the Government formulated or supplied the drawings, specifications, or other data, does not license the holder or any other person or corporation; or convey any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may relate to them. This report has been reviewed by the Public Affairs Office and is releasable to the National Technical Information Services (NTIS). At NTIS, it will be available to the general public, including foreign nationals. If you change your address, wish to be removed from this mailing list, or your organization no longer employs the addressee, please notify AFRL/VSSE, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB.NM 87117-5776. Do not return copies of this report unless contractual obligations or notice on a specific document requires its return. This report has been approved for publication.
^;.
//signed//
JIM LYKE Project Manager
//signed// " KIRT S. MOSER, DR-IV Chief, Spacecraft Technology Division
Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188
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1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)
2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
01-06-2004
Final
01-06-2001 To 31-05-2003
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
The Raw Fabric: A Technology for Rapid Embedded System Customization
F29601-01-2-0166 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
62712E 6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
Anant Agarwal and Saman Amarasinghe
DARP 5e. TASK NUMBER
SC 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
AG 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER
Lab. For Computer Science, NE43-624 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
Air Force Research Laboratory/VSSE 3550 Aberdeen Avenue SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776
DARPA AFRL 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S)
AFRL-VS-PS-TR-2004-1024 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
This report is the final technical report for the project: The Raw Fabric: A Technology for Rapid Embedded-System Customization. The Raw fabric is a universal computational substrate suitable for signal processing and embedded applications. The key innovation behind Raw fabrics is the ability for software to customize chip-level communication channels in an application-specific manner, thereby enabling the construction of mission-specific embedded systems cost-effectively. Raw fabrics offer the promise of orders of magnitude improvements for embedded applications when compared to microprocessor-based systems. These improvements are in performance, power, and size, and will allow system customization to be measured in hours instead of years. Raw Fabrics comprise single Raw chips with on-chip customizable interconnect, and board-level systems containing many Raw chips. Our project has built a Raw chip prototype and a handheld computer system based on Raw. Our results demonstrate that Raw performs at or close to the level of the best specialized machine for many application classes. When compared to a Pentium-III implemented in the same technology, Raw displays one to two orders of magnitude more performance for stream applications while performing within a factor of two for sequential-desktop applications. 15. SUBJECT TERMS
Raw Fabric, Rapid Embedded System Customization, Microprocessor-Based Systems, Raw Chips 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
a. REPORT
b. ABSTRACT
c. THIS PAGE
Unclassified
Unclassified
Unclassified
18. NUMBER OF PAGES
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Jim Lyke 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area
Unlimited
30
code)
505-846-5812 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18
i
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
Abstract
1
2.
Overview of the Project
1
3.
Summary of Accomplishments and Systems Built
3
4.
Accomplishments and Progress
4
4.1 The Raw Chip
4
4.2 The Raw Handheld Board
5
4.3 The Multi-Chip Raw Fabric
6
4.4 The RawCC Compiler and the Stream Compiler
6
4.5 The Raw OS
8
4.6 Applications, Experimentation and Elevation
8
4.7 Support in Standardizing a Morphware Stable Interface
17
5
Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Work 18
6
Key Publications
19
iii
LIST OF FIGURES 1
Photo of the Raw chip
5
2
Photo of the Raw prototype motherboard. The board is 13 inches by 13 inches
5
LIST OF TAB LES 1
Sources of speedup for Raw over P3 (As configured in Table 3).
2
Functional unit timings on a single Raw tile and on a P3. Commonly executed instructions appear first. FP operations are single precision. 10
3
Memory system data for Raw tile and P3.
11
4
Raw power consumption at 425 MHz, 25˚ C
12
5
Breakdown of the end-to-end latency (in cycles) for a one-word message on Raw’s static network. 12
6
Performance of sequential programs on Raw and on P3.
13
7
Speedup of the ILP benchmarks relative to the single-tile Raw, from two to 16 tiles.
14
8
StreamIt performance results.
16
9
Speedup (in cycles) of StreamIt benchmarks relative to a 1-tiel Raw configuration. From left, the columns indicate the StreamIt version on a P3, and on Raw configurations with one to 16 tiles. 16
iv
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