with everyth. Want to use instead of o right. Change Pict proportion o by dragging. The relationship between rumination and executive functions: A meta-analysis.
The relationship between rumination and executive functions: A meta-analysis Sergiu P. Vălenaș2, MA; Diana M. Cândea2, MA; Simona Ștefan1, PhD; Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar1, PhD. 1
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 2 Doctoral School: Evidence-based assessment and psychological interventions, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
BACKGROUND •
RESULTS
OBJECTIVES
Numerous studies highlight the negative effects of rumination (e.g. prolonged negative mood, enhanced negatively biased memories and negative future thinking);
• Trying to explain the association between rumination and pathology, researchers focused on cognitive processes that might be responsible for persistent negative cognition and affect (Joormann, Yoon, & Zetsche, 2007). • Recent perspectives propose that ruminative responses to negative moods and negative life events may be an important mechanism in the link between cognitive processes and psychopathology (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).
• This meta-analysis aimed: (1) to provide an estimate of the overall and specific effect sizes of the relations between rumination and EFs: working memory, shifting and inhibition and (2) to test possible moderators of the effects.
METHODS • A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify empirical articles published in peer reviewed journals until the end of February 2016.
• No relation beween working memory and rumination was found; small effect sizes were found for inhibition and shifting;
RESULTS • From a total number of 1123 considered abstracts, 64 articles (70 studies) met inclusion criteria.
• However, despite the growing body of research on rumination and executive functions (EFs), results are mixed.
CONCLUSIONS • Studies show no relation between rumination and EFs overall;
Source: www.mercerme.com/
Source: www.sundayobserver.lk/
• The only significant moderators were of the rumination – inhibition relation; type of sample and sample size moderated the association between rumination and inhibition.
• Ruminators may have difficulties in disengaging from unreachable goals or in controlling negative thoughts due to cognitive inhibition deficits (but results need to be interpreted with caution); • Mental inflexibility may be a feature of ruminators, due to low shifting ability from negative to positive thoughts or goals (results need to be interpreted with caution).
SELECTIVE REFERENCES
• The r coefficient for every outcome measure was calculated.
• Aker, M., Harmer, C., & Landrø, N. I. (2014). More rumination and less effective emotion regulation in previously depressed women with preserved executive functions. BMC Psychiatry, 14.
• The overall effect size revealed no relation between rumination and EFs (r = 0.09, p = 0.001).
• Daches, S., & Mor, N. (2014). Training ruminators to inhibit negative information: A preliminary report. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38(2), 160–171. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9585-5
• No relation was found between rumination and working memory (r = 0.06, p = 0.12).
• Davis, R. N., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24(6), 699–711.
• Small effect sizes were observed for the association between rumination and shifting (r = 0.17, p = 0.001) • Small effect sizes were found for the association between rumination and inhibition (r = 0.11, p = 0.012).
• De Lissnyder, E., Koster, E. H. W., & De Raedt, R. (2012). Emotional interference in working memory is related to rumination. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(4), 348–357. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9352-4 • Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Emotion regulation in depression: Relation to cognitive inhibition. Cognition and Emotion, 24(2), 281–298. http://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903407948 • Koster, E. H. W., De Lissnyder, E., & De Raedt, R. (2013). Rumination is characterized by valence-specific impairments in switching of attention. Acta Psychologica, 144(3), 563–570. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.09.008
