The Ship "Brooklyn"

The Ship "Brooklyn" Author(s): Amelia D. Everett Reviewed work(s): Source: California Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 3 (Sep., 1958), pp. 229-240 Published by: California Historical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25155191 . Accessed: 08/05/2012 12:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

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The

Ship "Brooklyn D. Everett

By Amelia

the

On

breezy

bright,

afternoon

of

31,

July

1846,

there

sailed

through theGolden Gate the ship Brooklyn, piloted by Capt. Edward Richardson,

who

peace-seeking, called Mormons.

Aboard also part-owner. Latter and worried sea-weary,

craftsmen Expert farmers with domestic animals

them; sional men; mainly New York they left 100 children. But sliding The printer

were

was

from

over

two hundred

Saints, commonly Day of goods were among a few and and equipment; profes

with

the eastern United

stocks

States.

Of

70 were

on

the total when 68 women,

and men, 4,1846, February the voyage there had been spiritual back during two births.1 taken ten, and there were death had four, involving a elder of the group was Samuel Brannan, leader or presiding and his by trade.2 Most Calif ornians have heard about Brannan

accomplishments, but the details of his first and probably his greatest and managing of the for Brooklyn cargo-ship less familiar. Born in in Saco, Maine, 1819, voyage?are a a forceful with and handsome man, large personality; down where and the Brooklyn put him and his fellow-passengers they were sure the Lord had sent them. descendants of many Consequently, success?the

chartering

this important Brannan was

now the live to and the voyage, the Brooklyn glorify ship pioneers at times for the voyagers. itwas a though trying experience was built atNewcastle, in 18 34, and was a full The Brooklyn Maine, 11 inches beam, inches feet of 4 445 tons, 125 long, 27 feet rigged ship 13 feet 11/2 inches depth of hold.3 The records show that inNovem ber 1839 she was owned atNew York by Abel W. Richardson, Stephen Elder Brannan and her captain, Edward Richardson. C. Burdett, chart and

at $1200 per month, to California the rate of passage being an additional at $50 for adults, with of $25 for subsistence. charge Her and the cabins and bunks he had built cost over provisioning he was courageous and $ 16,000; and though he did not have the money, ered her

fixed

shrewd enough to raise itwith the help of his flock.4 Like

their forbears,

these

pilgrims 229

were

seeking

a

place

for freedom

230 California Historical in

of worship,

spite of the fact

Society Quarterly

that their

departure

was

from

the port of

New York, supposed to be the front door to the land of freedom itself. But mobs had murdered their prophet, Joseph Smith, and his brother and had driven

Hyrum,

their co-religionists

from

state to state.5 In far

away California they hoped at last to find a refuge. En route they at the Hawaiian

stopped proceeds

helping the United

ships; for which

they

gers became

Islands

to

to deliver

500 barrels of their passage. There

defray part States was at war

were

headed was They

panic-stricken.

with

subject feared

Mexico, to attack. they would

of freight, the saw war they and the very place Some of the passen be stranded

on the

Island of Oahu instead of going to California. Others favored going to Island. But the peril of war was not the para in the leader. of their adventure-loving thoughts problem a contract he had signed with Instead, Brannan was remembering were New Benson and of who said to have York, Kendall, Company was to influence with the government, which the prevent disposed to furnish Mormons from leaving. This if company agreed protection an to to the Mormon leaders would "A. transfer G. agreement sign or to Victoria

Oregon mount

and their heirs and assigns," the odd Company or town and lots settled of all land units acquired by the Mor to colonize.6 mons wherever In other words, choose they might were to divide with their "inheritance" in the new Mormons politicians a the agreement and in vain waited Brannan Zion-to-be. signed nearly to arrive by mail from Nauvoo, month for Brigham Young's signature Kendall

Benson, number

and

Illinois. By February 4, 1846, he had determined to slip past the guns York in New harbor without any longer. Lafayette waiting the pact for their he wondered? hadn't Young He signed safety, never rest until he found out.

of Fort Why would

Now

he was faced with

Commodore

Robert

the threat of being stopped inHawaii

F. Stockton.

He must

see Stockton.

The

by

interview

to Samuel Brannan. Instead of pre exhilarating, had encouraged Stockton the venture.7 He said venting at that the Navy was to begin an assault against Mexico and Monterey, take and hold Yerba Buena that the Mormons he offered the suggestion

proved

even pleasing, their progress,

in the name buying

some

of the United outmoded

States. To arms

from

that end, he assisted the Navy. Brannan

Brannan drilled

in the

an the Brooklyn, aided passengers seventy by Samuel Ladd, another and Robert who mili understood Smith, ex-soldier, passenger Brannan reminded them of their tary tactics. As for dissenters, obliga male

of

The Ship Brooklyn

231

a tion to prepare in California for the 10,000 overland pioneers place were westward Brannan never took led by Brigham Young. being

who

his fellow voyagers into his full confidence; and they, on their part, liked neither his pomposity nor his forceful methods of ruling, but, with

to they obeyed.8 loyalty leadership, at Honolulu Brooklyn's stop-over prompted

Mormon

The

the town's

leading

newspaper, The Friend, published and edited by Samuel C. Damon, to account in its July of the visitors' 1, 1846, issue, an extended on ecclesiastical and their The beliefs passengers religious organization. come were to "have from the the Brooklyn said others from Baptists, a few from while the Presbyterians, almost the Methodists, every

give,

in has its difficulties among them_The representative at and other parts of the which these people found themselves Nauvoo, to 'break and 'be off' for California." States have led to the resolution up' soon and others would left had already Mormon emigrants Liverpool west. "in all The had referred for the bound follow, Brooklyn's captain denomination

to his manner" and "general behavior passengers' we differ," con article "That the the during long voyage. and is essential points of doctrine tinued, "upon many practice clearly our are to and prayers go with best wishes manifest, yet them_They ... of institutions, social, civil and religious. O, may lay the foundations shall rise up and call them be such that coming generations they blessed." the most

favorable

character"

were on the way they again bolt of cloth from the cargo,

When suitable

a to California, Brannan dug up and the women it into fashioned

Each man had a for their new-fledged warriors. cap, military were revolvers available.9 Thus and there 50 Allen's outfitted, they as drilled while they sailed. On July 31,1846, they neared their destina strutted to the front of the deck. Why shouldn't tion Samuel Brannan on San Francisco he and his men plant the American flag Bay? That an were act notice. be would of thereafter, worthy Shortly they passing of the Golden Gate. the Sam was eagerly rocky portals through peering saw a war in the cove; but the telescope. He through ship anchored was the the what was more to his consternation of American sight flag, not that he in "Damn and hoisted for the said, flag!" waving. disrespect uniforms

flag but in disappointment that he had not arrived in time to be the first to

fly it.10 from Cannon

from

the Brooklyn

the Yerba

Buena

responded.

A

battery

boomed

a salute,

sturdy

rowboat

glided

and a gun out to meet

California Historical

232

men

Society Quarterly

the Brooklyn's deck. The Mormons Americans from the U.S.S. happy friendly "In our the of Portsmouth, passengers reported: courte in the with head native officer uncovered, command, tongue and gentlemen, I have the honor to inform you that ously said, 'Ladies them.

uniformed

Soon

trod

were to see that they not Mexicans. One

were

are in the United

you given The

States

of America.'

Three

hearty

were

cheers

in

reply."11 at Yerba Buena was strewn with hides and the long sandy beach were a few oaks and, skeletons cattle. There of slaughtered scrubby rose as a to the adobe customshouse sandhills low background beyond, and some old shanties that leaned away from the wind. Dejected

looking donkeys plodded along beneath bundles of wood. Here stretched

themselves

and

on the beach. That lazy fashion to be San Francisco? Buena?soon in

there, loungers town" was Yerba "odd, uncouth new Zion.12 of the the landing place for the children hoped-for the Brooklyn's constituted the first So far as is known, passengers women to sail around with their Horn and colony Anglo-Saxon Cape was to The and land in California. the second to children, ship herself was raised. War come the American through the Golden Gate after flag had

scarcely

seventy

A Mexican

begun.

Mormon

impromptu

counter-attack soldiers were

was

welcome.

expected, A month

and the before,

the Bear Flag revolt had precipitated hostilities in California. Commo dore

had

Sloat

"California

now

Battalion"

Monterey, captured was south marching

and to engage

Colonel

Fremont's

the enemy.

Yerba

stood exposed. to land after six months travelers were in sea-weary glad a dozen crowded cabins. They found a community of half consisting Americans from the Portsmouth), (other than the sailors and Marines 100 Indians. several members of Spanish and about families, Everyone Buena's

flank

The

to see the Brooklyn, and the natives were amazed at the amount and variety of the things taken off her. There was Brannan's printing two with and type, and all the material press years' supply of paper one of the two church to the Prophet, had papers Brannan pertaining

wanted

published numerous

in New

York.

There

for farmers

were and

three

flour

a saw mill, for 800 men, to the colony.13

mills,

mechanics?enough implements be later additions that there would expectation two milch There were cows, forty pigs, and a crate of fowls; saddles; a blacksmith's iron tin; sewing machines; forge, pipes, brass, copper, medical smooth-bore tents; dry goods; hammocks, crockery; supplies; in the

The Ship Brooklyn 233 to last them another month; and books?more, food enough muskets; one writer states, than could be found in all the rest of the territory put the Bible and of the Book them were many together. Among copies of also copies of the Doctrine of Mormon; "Pearl of Great Price" (then in manuscript)

considered the standard works

and Covenants, and of the that are ?the four books

of the Church of Jesus Christ of the

In addition, there were many diction schoolbooks, Day as as and well slates. of aries, Harper's Family Library encyclopedias, at a had been given to them M. VanCott, farewell 179 volumes by I. on the York.14 left before New party night they

Latter

Saints.

Under credits Mormon were

the much

title of the

colonists

material

"the

awakening town's progress with

brought unloaded

objects

of Yerba

them

at that on

that day

Buena"

one

historian

to the

time the supplies Not the Brooklyn.1* only on the Yerba Buena beach,

but those who did the unloading had, ingrained in themselves, habits of industry and a talent for and their homes. The establishing adorning or more, first night many found shelter in tents, and for amonth guards a never but lookout for the attack; enemy kept sharp possible appeared newcomers and was soon in the stress of food, forgotten by the finding in and in work that would them shelter, pay off building adequate help to California. for transportation they had incurred men were sent to Marin with axes, whip twenty example, County as the for saws, and Spanish oxen, to haul out redwood Brooklyn's cargo return trip.16 In an attempt to find an answer to the often asked, question namely, to the Brooklyn what her after the 1846 voyage, present happened the

indebtedness

For

on California Mr. John the Lyman, specialist shipping, on inWashington, D. C, who supplied the information to the ship's dimensions, earlier. Mr. mentioned etc., According Lyman, inNovember, 1839, the Brooklyn was owned atNew York by Abel W. and her captain, Edward Richardson, Richardson; Stephen C. Burdett, owners to but by January her been had Edward Richard 1849 changed son and Francis both of New York with Burritt, City, Joseph M. as master. Richardson She loaded at New York for San Francisco via at the end of 1849, Panama A. G. & Benson and Co. being freighted by In March E. Richardson. the sole owner. 1852, Francis Burritt became The next month he sold her to Marshall O. Roberts, and Law, George writer

consulted

at the Archives

Bowes Line

R. Mcllwaine, which provided

trustees, who represented the New York-to-Panama

the United service

States Mail connecting

California Historical

234

Society Quarterly

the Pacific Mail Steamship Co. between Panama and San Fran

with

on the Brooklyn's quote Mr. Lyman history: directly She was registered on 10April 1852 atNew York, and this document is not to be found at the Archives. (Normally, whenever a ship is reregistered, sold foreign, or wrecked, her document is cancelled and sent to the However, Washington.) a was to of indicates that made summary report registers Washington by the or 6 Collector atNew York early inAugust is either date 4 1856; (the August). cisco. To

can

This

only

mean

that

the

was

Brooklyn

eigners between April 1852 and August be determined as to her fate.17

wrecked,

scrapped,

or

1856; but at this time nothing

sold

to

for

further can

SOME DETAILS OF THE VOYAGE York

According deck to howl

of

sea and manner Laura

a few to the Brooklyn's 1846 voyage: days after leaving a great storm. All on board were she encountered sea-sick. to one more ones to the the resolute eye-witness, "struggled to hear the dismal behold the sublime the of scene, grandeur ... the winds, in the and to see the ship dipping troughs of the then tossed on the billow." On the deck, all passenger highest

return

To New

of household Goodwin

was

were into each other. "Sister furnishings crashing thrown from a ladder and lay critically injured.

Old Brother Ensign and his daughter Eliza were dead. Itwas only by that the Lord in His holds the waters hand that we could realizing have faith to be delivered condition."18 from our perilous coast of the As they neared the treacherous Verde Islands, Cape Samuel Brannan them to "Sing! Sing all!" And, with "The adjured a Fire is to Cali Are and "We Like of God Burning," Going Spirit and the roar of the fornia," the Saints sang down the howl of the winds waves. went to pre below having given up hope, Captain Richardson, was worst. to his for the He find them astonished pare passengers sing a the wind died grave. Suddenly ing, singing all, in the face of watery to a sun came out, and, in thanks for their deliverance, the breeze; sailing the voyagers knelt in prayer.19

During the storm, Silas Aldrich had died, aswell as a child of John

two children and K. Winner's of John R. Robbins, Fowler, George more child. These the all the Saints' tragedies heightened apprehension still awaiting them in the rounding of the dangers of Cape Horn. In crossing the equator, calm for two or three they experienced days. children the deck, attending The school, thronged jumping rope, and in other amusements. engaging as low as 36 which degrees,

on deck fell day the thermometer to their attributed Richardson Captain One

The Ship Brooklyn 235 near an

passing

iceberg.

was

Horn

Cape

at last rounded; beyond, oceans came in for

every

the two

seemed

fact, special propitious?in a was the Atlantic, the Brooklyn While baby, traversing recognition. born to Sarah Sloat Burr, was given the name of John Atlantic Burr; thing

the wife

during the rounding of Cape Horn, birth

Robbins. When

was baby girl, who Two more children

to a

of John Robbins gave

christened

thereupon died and were

the stock of fresh food was

gone,

buried scurvy

Pacific

Georgianna at sea.20 began

to take

its toll.

were becom Supplies ofwater and of fuel (needed for the cook stoves) ing exhausted.

Laura

the

Goodwin,

accident

requesting that she be buried on land.Owing

victim,

had

died

after

to a heavy gale from the

was unable to land at but south, Captain Richardson Valparaiso, by the Robin time they came abreast of the Island of Juan Fernandez (Defoe's an abundance son Crusoe found Isle) a landing was possible. Here they and figs?the fruit being of food?goats, fresh pigs, hares, peaches wood and the scurvy; and there was invaluable in combatting of plenty water. two families, because the island had been deserted for Except found them eager to help of an earthquake. The Brooklyn's passengers were native desired and at in loading the ship with whatever products at Juan Fernandez Island also made The low stop exceedingly prices.

it possible to fulfill Laura Goodwin's wish to be buried on land. The

merciful their

of God

hand

was

at

now where

landing Valparaiso, taken all the funds they On May 9th, the company

have

to the Sandwich all the way Brannan's method and aboard,

seen

only had.21

in the wind ameager

that had prevented supply of food would

and had clear left Juan Fernandez sailing Islands. But trouble had been brewing

it had of stopping it worse. only made was center with the widow children, grown Lucy Eagar, of some talk about polygamy?a subject forbidden by Brannan. Two men were in Lucy. One was already married, but he spoke interested Brannan excommunicated her his second wife. Whereupon of making several men and also Lucy Eagar. He had to report it to the presidency so he gave as his excuse that their conduct at the Saints' headquarters; This stirred up a and licentious." had been "wicked sharp reaction to take and determined and interested the others, among they parties to court upon their arrival at their destination. When the case Brannan came to trial, the for Brannan.22 jury found at the town's first American is said to have officiated Elder Brannan ? Lizzie to urge his flock to Basil Hall.23 He continued Winner wedding an attractive

California Historical

236 to hold

strictly

led astray

Society Quarterly

to the

for meetings, regulation the ways For of the Gentiles.

and not a time

let themselves

be

he was

the only by news the first San Francisco in he the preacher community; published a Star in the he "first-doer" was, fact, California (Jan. 9, 1847); paper, as of many the town's first millionaire. But there things, such becoming were others on the Brooklyn likewise originators who were and arriving makers

of fortunes.

NOTES ON SOME OF THE PASSENGERS a

in the Mormon "Seventy" and made farmer, town-planner,

John Horner, blacksmith,

a

Church,

wheelwright, in the southern

history

part of Alameda County by erecting the first American home in the son is to have been the first child county.24 His Anglo-Saxon reported first in built the born California. schoolhouse, John Horner county's which was also used as a church for and he was the years, twenty-three to hold

first non-Catholic methods

church

of communication?on

services

(including the building of bridges) ?and dries,

he was

a

pioneer.

He

In in the county. improving roads and Bay along

San Francisco also donated

in the establishment of laun ground

for

a

grave

yard.

spent his money freely to advance his religion, though he did

Horner

not go to Utah. With the colony

on the Brooklyn

were

also

Isaac Robbins

and his

brothers John Roger (father of Georgianna Pacific Robbins) and Charles.25 A ship coming into San Francisco Bay from Sydney had on board started

a horse which the first

the Robbinses

express

business

with it and a cart purchased; they Like Brannan, in San Francisco. John

R. Robbins thought that Brigham Young might be persuaded to build at the gateway his Zion-metropolis the Sheraton-Palace up land where

to the Pacific. Hotel

now

took John therefore later became stands. He

of two girls. Their Brooklyn-bom sister, Georgianna Pacific, in the musical life of early Salt Lake City. John R. attained prominence across made several trips from his farm inNew Jersey, back and forth in in Utah Under date and settled the continent, of July 6, 1854, 1853. the Deseret News C. Robbins, Kinkead, J. Need says: "John Roger the father

have arrived in our city in advance and L. Stewart of their trains are now on the road dollars which of goods to the value of one million to this Market and will soon begin to arrive." as a to work in San Francisco remained Burtis Robbins Charles

ham

out the to Samuel Brannan, and assisted in getting apprentice printer's on Star. He also mined Mormon for gold first number of the California

The Ship Brooklyn Island. New

a resident 1853 he had become Jersey via the Isthmus of Panama.26 By

237

of Utah,

after

returning

to

The family ofWilliam Evans learned to speak Spanish fluently while living among the Spanish residents of San Francisco. William purchased a land on the corner of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue, piece of on the west and established what has been called the first tailor shop a mecca coast of America. The Evans home became for the mission

died in 1851, leaving his widow Hannah

aries of their church.William and five

children.

Hannah

carried

on her husband's

business

until,

in

to Utah.27

her 1856, she moved family the other Brooklyn Among

were

John Joyce, a carpenter, was In A., Boston, Mrs. daughters. Joyce to called "the Mormon the indifferent Strangers, Nightingale." Gospel, us to her Hall and would hear "Let say, go Boylston sing."28 Many as one that she sang the newly-restored After hymns thought inspired. to San Francisco she was able to buy a melodeon, the first in coming his wife

Caroline

San Francisco, supercargo

on

and

passengers

two

to the coast in 1848 by Washington brought the American brig Sabine.29 According

daughter, her father prospered in the growing

Holbrook, to Joyce's

community, but his

him and his religious he abandoned coming between principles, his heavy drinking, this caused a the latter. Combined with separation to Col. she was married him and Mrs. between Joyce. Subsequently Alden A. M. Jackson.

wealth

this account, the writer interviewed While John Eagar's preparing are citizens who and in descendants, thought-of highly loyal workers state that have searched all the Mormon Church. They available they was to learn his mother, records excommunicated Lucy Eagar, why her except Samuel Brannan's. As and have found no complaint against was in see it,Mrs. out of the church, Eagar's great mistake staying they case even to her Brannan. lost she She managed support though against a to town a small in addition lot, by keeping herself, however, securing to store in San Francisco in 1846. In 1847 she moved where Monterey, was one Brannan's school.30 of her daughter Star John California taught owner a her other son, Thomas, while of San gold miner, printers, a was East of and lumberman member Francisco the of Oakland, lot, California

legislature

in the

1860's.31

William

Brooklyn passenger in California," cences, "Mormons on tant source of information

whose

reminis manuscript "an calls Bancroft 1884, impor was a mason its and by craft topic," Glover, dated

California Historical

238

builder.32 He went

to the mines

Society Quarterly

in 1848, did well,

as a citizen lots and took up his responsibilities D. M. Howard, W. A. Leidesdorff, with W. of Brannan's and first editor lawyer Kentucky

in 1847 by serving, along and Elbert P. Jones (a on coun town the Star),

and also on the school committee.33 cil or ayuntamiento, to further in the new In efforts education community, worked

Samuel

along with

to

and later removed

living in San Francisco he invested in town

Farmington, Utah. While

whose

Glover

of view was

breadth

shown Brannan, that it "eschew would with in the prospectus for his newspaper; viz., to the caution of sec the greatest every thing that tends propagation to his views in the Star's tarian dogmas." Brannan gave weight by urging

columns the necessity of getting the forty children he had counted off the streets chosen scholars directed

and

a schoolhouse;

into

as a member

and,

of a committee

the community for the purpose, canvassing by personally to act as teachers.34 Meanwhile, William Glover's efforts were of a suitable schoolhouse.35 toward the erection

for

was

But San Francisco

to establish

nor did Brannan's

mon

Church; the San Joaquin

meet

Valley

to be the new

not destined with

attempt success.

Zion

Instead, when

his party struggled over the Sierra (taking with

for the Mor

it at New

in Hope Brannan and

them copies of the

in Star as persuasive evidence) 1847,to meet Brigham April at that it was fruitless he last realized the of continent, Young midway to them had made their to argue. and his council minds; up Young nor the Valley of the San Joaquin of San Francisco the Peninsula neither California

offered a site for the blossoming of Zion that could compare with Valley

the

of Salt Lake.36

NOTES i. Sacramento Daily

of Sept. n, 1866, p. 6; H. H. Bancroft, History California (San Francisco, 1886-90), V, 546, including notes 34 and 35;Theodore H. Hittell, History of California, II (San Francisco, 1897), 593-95. 2. Soule et al., Annals of San Francisco (New York, 1855), pp. 748-53, with portrait; 3. John

Bancroft, Lyman,

op.

Union,

cit.,

letter

researches at the National

II, 728. of Dec.

Archives

19,

1957,

to

present

writer,

on early California

communicating

shipping.

his

The Ship Brooklyn

Bailey, Sam Brannan and the California Mormons

4. Paul Dayton 1943),

geles,

26; Bancroft,

p.

239

cit., V,

op

545;

et al, op.

Soule

cit.,

(Los An

749.

p.

5. History of the [Mormon] Church (Salt Lake City, 1932), VI, 612; VII, 177. 6. Ibid., VII, 589-91; cf. Bancroft, op. cit., V, 547, 548 (note 36). Glover, "Mormons in California," dated 1884 (manuscript, Ban 7.William croft Library); recently (1954) published in book form by Glen Dawson, Los to the Brooklyn inHonolulu harbor on July 3, Angeles. Stockton paid his visit 1846. 8. Bancroft,

cit., V,

op.

469-70;

10. Bancroft,

cit., V,

op.

Daily

cit.,

of theWest 1 above;

note

Union,

14. lbid.,p. 545 (note 33). 15. John P. Young, Journalism 17. V,

John Soule

576;

op.

op.

cit.,

scarlet with

stomach,

the

ages

op.

Days"

of San

cit.,

Francisco

24. Annaleone

Church,

Patton,

each

composed

25. Carter, 26.

Ibid.,

op. pp.

to

1958,

See

750-51;

pp.

cit., VII,

also

Bancroft,

present

writer;

Bancroft,

op.

cit.,

sore Carter,

throat, op.

and

dropsy

cit., VII,

of

the

400.

H.

John

(San

Francisco,

Oakland

of

cit., V,

549

(note

one

1886),

of

the

. . .

Reminiscences

Brown,

Tribune,

of

op.

37 cites

Bran

"The

Early

20,

1950. A

Star, IX, 307); 552 (note 42).

778;

a member

indicates

"Seventy"

4.

1915)^.

549.

cit., V,

773; V,

Ill,

Ibid.,

(San Francisco,

551.

cankered

consumption, of the victims.

nan's letter in the Liverpool Millenial 23.

of

op. cit., IV, 431, 669-70; name

July 1, 1846, pp. 101-102, gives causes of deaths as

Friend,

et al., op.

Soule

7,

conditions

32.

p.

fever,

21. Bancroft, 22.

cit., V,

ruinous

of Utah

cit.

20. The Honolulu diarrhea,

op.

cit.; Bancroft,

op.

19. Bailey,

Utah

1884, Farmington,

respecting

in California

letter of Lyman, April et al., op. cit., p. 749.

18. Glover,

dated

(Salt Lake City: Daughters

see Bancroft, building in Yerba Buena in 1844, to San Francisco, V, 645 (note). changed 13. JMi., II, 738;V, 545.

16. Glover,

29.

p.

of Brooklyn,

550.

11. Kate Carter, Heart Throbs Pioneers, 1945), VII, 395. 12. Sacramento

op.

Bailey,

9. John Eagar, narrative of voyage (manuscript, Bancroft Library ).

pp. 28-29. "Knave" section,

missionary

agencies

of

Aug. of

the Mormon

70 elders. 400.

399-400.

27. Ibid., p. 401; also interviews by present writer with Mrs. Hilda Perkins, and Hannah Evans; Bancroft, op. cit., II, 795. granddaughter ofWilliam 28. Augusta Joyce Crocheron, Representative Women of Deseret (Salt Lake City,

1884),

p.

105; Carter,

op.

cit.,

p.

395.

California Historical

240

onWashington 30. Ibid., II, 787-88. 31. Ibid.

29. Information

Society Quarterly

Holbrook

in Bancroft,

op. cit., Ill, 786.

32. /Z?*W., Ill, 758. 33. 1bid., V, 648 (note). 34.

Soule

et al., op.

cit.,

p.

174. See

also

Bancroft,

op.

cit., V,

656

(note).

35. Ibid. 36. History and

his

of

subsequent

the Church, reinstatement,

op.

cit., VII, see

ibid.,

591. For pp.

Brannan's

395,418.

excommunication

William Snow by Sierra, painting Hahn. the in a Presented to the Mrs. by Society Eric Gerson memory in of her father, Jacob Goldberg.

The

Ship Brooklyn, Courtesy

from The

a

painting

Improvement

( Seepage

z 2 p)

by Arnold Era.

Friberg.