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Substation equipment. • Overhead lines. Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial
Electrical Engineering and Automation. 2 ... Monitoring point for control center.
Source: Lakervi & H Holmes
The substation
Olof Samuelsson
Outline
• The substation • Substation equipment • Overhead lines
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
2
From generator to customer
Generation | Transmission | Distribution | Consumption
Source: vattenfall.se
Östra mottagningsstationen, Lund At the city limit
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
3
Substation functions • Voltage transformation (reduction) – Power transformer • Connection point for local networks • Switchyard for network configuration – Bus bars, bars circuit breakers, breakers disconnectors • Monitoring point for control center – Potential and current transformers • Fuses and other protection
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
4
Substation equipment symbols ENGLISH Busbar Generator Two-wdg Two wdg transformer Line Circuit breaker Disconnector Surge arrester Current transformer Potential transformer
SVENSKA Samlingsskena g Transformator Ledning Effektbrytare Frånskiljare Ventilavledare Strömtransformator Spänningstransformator
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
5
Layout
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
6
Circuit breaker S d USA Sweden
Sourcee:ABB
Open Closed
• Interrupts large current – Several kA – Short-circuit current – Hidden contacts • Control – Protection systems – Manual remote • Design challenge – Speed and current
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
7
Disconnector / Isolator • Interrupts small current – Load current • Visible interruption • Manual control or motorized • Design challenge: Weather
Sweden USA Open Closed
Open p
Closed
Source: Nicklasson Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
8
Disconnecting circuit breaker • Combines breaker and disconnector • More reliable and compact
Lindome 400 kV station Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
9
Current transformer
B Source:ABB
• Reduces current – Typically 1000/2 A • Current monitored – Control center – Protection equipment – P, Q transducers
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
10
Sou urce:ABB
Voltage/potential transformer
• Reduces voltage – Typically x kV/110 V • Voltage monitored – Control center – Protection equipment – P, Q transducers Al C voltage lt di id • Also divider
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
11
Surge / lightning arrester
• O Overvoltage lt trap t • Alternative to air gap • Nonlinear resistance • Short-circuits high voltages o tages to ground g ou d
Source: ABB Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
12
GIS - Gas Isolated Switchgear SF6
Air
Source: Lakervi
• SF6 gas g – Isolates much better than air - reduces size – Greenhouse gas Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
13
Source: Nicklasson
Transmission towers
400 kV
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
750 kV
Substation
14
Insulator disks
Voltage level Source:Glover & Sarma
Flashover distance
Number of disks
Air humidity y Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
Substation
15
Effects of short-circuit current • Vibration due to magnetic forces – Parallel conductors are attracted (F=B·i·l) • Arc – Compare with welding g from current and arc • Heating – Fire and explosion • See http://205.243.100.155/frames/longarc.htm
Lund University / LTH / MIE / Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation
