The use of Semantic Web Technologies in Spatial Decision Support Systems
Adam Iwaniak Jaromar Łukowicz Iwona Kaczmarek Marek Strzelecki Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Kon-dor
The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
How to make GIS systems more intelligent ? How to make their interface simpler and more intuitive in use?
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Add mouse to CAD –the ’80s
Line segment is represented by a pair of points P1 and P2 with coordinates (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Add RDB How to find buildings that have two floors? • graphics in CAD system, • attributes in relational databases (Access, Oracle, ...), • example: MGE, GeoGraphics, AutoCad Map. Features Name_of_feature parcels buidlings roads
Buildings Function
id
Nr_storeys 16 17 18
2 3 1
1011 1012 1013
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Add topology Spatial queries
Select * from Counties where Counties.pop < 30000 and Counties are within distance 100 mi of Major Cities; Spatial operator
Spatial + RDB The development of technology that stores geometry and attributes in a single database allows to use the mechanisms of RDBMS in GIS. This resolve problems with: – multi-user access – data protection – versioning – transactions – backup performance – data integrity.
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Use SOA architecture A new dimension of heterogeneity on a global scale
A design for PCs with GUIs WMS WFS Server
Server
WMS Server
Catalogue Server
Geoportal
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Maturity of SDI in 2013 • Implementation of the ideas from the early 90s, developed in other realities, before Google era • Different business model for distributing spatial data • Inefficient method of implementing CS-W OGC catalog services • OGC standards are not fully compatible with W3C • Automatic WPS orchestration is broken • 2 milion of GIS users in 2001.
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Web 2.0 and VGI
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
3D
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Linked Data Best practices for publishing and connecting structured data on the Web: – Use URIs as names for things – Use HTTP URIs, so that people can look up those names – When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL) – Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things.
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
A new era of Internet access • „Android already has been activated on 900 million devices” Hugo Barra, Google I/O 2013 Keynote Notes • More than half of Internet users in Poland use the Internet via a smartphone, it's four times voice andago. touch, more than a year 45%no of mouse, Internet users as noforkeyboard, no big a reason buying indicate thescreen use of maps and GPS, MEC Analytics & Insight • People have easier access to smartphones than toilets, Zet Radio
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Example 1 1. Find the nearest petrol station 2. Find the shortest route between point A and point B 3. Find international hotel in Florence Task does not seem to be difficult to implement when the questions are predefined and the data is stored in one database which model is well known.
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Example 2 Find a building in Wroclaw that is owned by Adam Iwaniak There are three databases available: administrative boundaries, parcels and their owners and topographic database
Classic GIS * 1. Find all parcels in Wroclaw, owned by Adam Iwaniak 2. Find buildings which are located in these parcels 3. Show a list of buildings and their addresses *required inference A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Possible solutions • Creation of specialized software e.g. for mobile apps for searching buildings in Polish cities • Tag buildings with a name of the owner Google • The use of Semantic Web technologies • … • Siri is an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator which works as an application for Apple's iOS. The application uses a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Web services /wikipedia/A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Semantic Web Technologies and standards that allow machines to understand the semantics of the information on the Web: – Ontologies and thesauri – Reasoning based on ontologies – RDF – RDFa – RDFS, OWL – SPARQL – SWRL A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Metadata expressed in RDFa - annotating html
An alternative method of distributing metadata A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
„Publication of spatial planning documents using ontology-driven approach”, I.Kaczmarek Wednesday, 9:40, room 5
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Spatial Decision Support System Interactive, computer-based system designed to support a user or a group of users in achieving a higher effectiveness of decision making while solving a semistructured spatial decision problem (Abdullah A., 2005).
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
SDSS to obtain decision on development conditions … Issuing the decision about building conditions is possible only in the case of fulfilling the following conditions: 1) at least one adjacent parcel, reachable from the same public road, is built on in a way that the requirements for the new buildings can be defined 2) the parcel has access to a public road 3) the existing or planned utilities are sufficient for the development goal 4) the parcel does not require obtaining a permit for changing the land use type from rural or forested to non-rural and nonforested …
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Architecture of SDSS
An alternative method of inference and analysis A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Tbox - domain ontology
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
SDSS - Abox
PostGIS
RDF Topology
RDF Spatial objects
ABox A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Abox - instances
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Application ontology
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
SDSS and GIS Knowledge base
Reasoner
PostGIS
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Summary of SDSS • • • • • •
Similar results can be achieved using GIS system Unfortunately, using GIS is much easier The problem of processing geometry and topology Inference in OWL and SWRL Possibility of integration of data from different sources Rules are described in a formal way - knowledge sharing and knowledge reuse • No need to transfer all the information from the geospatial database, the area of analysis can be narrowed.
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Intelligent Spatial Information Infrastructure Inteligent SII CS-W+ Thesauri
Ontology
Metadata for use
Semantic Web Services
SDI WFS
GIS
WMS WPS
SHP
GML
dgn
Oracle
Metadata for discovery
CS-W
MS SQL
PostGIS
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Intelligent Spatial Information Infrastructure • Spatial Data Infrastructure Retrieval, publication and access to spatial data WMS, clearing house, CS-W , data set • Spatial Information Infrastructure Interpretation of data, analysis and processing Data harmonization, WFS, WPS, XML, GML, XSLT, object oriented • Intelligent Spatial Information Infrastructure The ability to understand by humans and computers the data and services across systems significantly facilitating: – linking, retrieval and integration of information – automated orchestration of geospatial web services – inference new facts based on existing ones Semantic interoperability, linked data, ontology, RDF, OWL, object, URI A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Summary • Research on Semantic Web in SDI has a great potential • It is conducted by many leading academic centers, but the number of practical solutions is limited • However there are attempts to extend existing SDI services with semantic layer, and use a new standard for geospatial data – GeoSPARQL • Semantic Web can be alternative, but today is in an initial phase of development
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Summary 1. Change in GIS technologies is required, because: – – –
Huge number of naive users Change of the user interface and user experience – voice and touch instead of mouse and keyboard Simple interface needs more „intelligence” behind
2. The popularity of smartphones could be one of the key drivers of research on Semantic Web technologies. 3. Making Open and Machine Readable the New Default for Government Information – May 9th, 2013, President`s Obama Executive Order.
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Thank you for your attention
[email protected]
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Additional slides for discussion
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
hasNr
”102”
parcel2
contains
buidling2 2
hasAddress
RDF ”Sienkiewicza” 3”
”Jan Kowalski” hasName
parcel1
hasOwner
contains
by I. Kaczmarek
”Wrocław”
contains
overlaps
area1
building1
cd:parcel1 spatial:contains :building1 cd:hasOwner ” Adam Iwaniak” cd:hasNr ” 101” spatial:overlaps :area1
”Adam Iwaniak” Iwaniak” ”101”
hasAddress
cd:area1 cd:hasName ”Wrocław” spatial:contains :parcel1 spatial:contains :parcel2
”Mokra134”
cd:parcel2 spatial:contains :building2 cd:hasOwner ”Jan Kowalski” cd:hasNr ” 102” cd:building1 cd:hasAddress ” Mokra 134” cd:building2 cd:hasAddress ” Sienkiewicza”
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
SPARQL query Select all the buildings in Wroclaw which belong to Adam Iwaniak PREFIX cd: http://rdf.parcelontology.com/ spatial: http://geovocab.org/spatial/ SELECT ?building ?address WHERE {?parcel cd:hasOwner „Adam Iwaniak”. ?parcel spatial:contains ?building. ?parcel spatial:overlaps ?area. ?area cd:hasName „Wrocław”. ?building cd:hasAddress ?address}.
Answer: Building: budynek1, Address: Mokra 134
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Building ontology in Protege
by J.Łukowicz
A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
Rule in SWRL • Building(?building), OwnerOfPlot(?owner), Plot(?plot), isContainedBy(?building, ?plot), isOwnedBy(?plot, ?owner) -> owns(?owner, ?building) SPARQL • SELECT ?budynek FROM WHERE { ?owner rdf:about myont:AdamIwaniak . ?owner myont:owns ?budynek . ?budynek myont:isLocatedIn myont:Wroclaw . } A.Iwaniak, The INSPIRE Conference 2013, 23-27 June
