Thoughts on the Book Nuclear Reactor Safety

AARMS Academic and Applied Research in Public Management Science

Volume 13 Issue 1 2014

An International Journal of Security, Strategy, Defense Studies, Military Technology and Public Management Published by the National University of Public Service

Editorial Board: PADÁNYI József (Chair of Editorial Board) SOLYMOSI József (Honorary Chair of Editorial Board) BLAHÓ András Pavel MANAS Erich CSITKOVITS MICHELBERGER Pál Boris DURKECH MOLNÁR Miklós HAIG Zsolt NÓGRÁDI György HALÁSZ Iván Boguslaw PACEK Bernhard KATZY Harald PÖCHER KENDE György SZENES Zoltán LÁNG István TAKÁCS Péter Ulrike LECHNER TAMÁS András TÖRÖK Gábor

Editorial: KOVÁCS László (Managing Editor) GAZDAG Ferenc (Editor) HALÁSZ László (Editor) BALÁZS Erika (Editorial Assistant) Typeset and printed by NKE Szolgáltató Kft. ISSN 1588 8789 (print) ISSN 1788 0017 (on-line)

AARMS Vol. 13, No. 1 (2014)

Contents BALAJTI István: Short Study on Performance of Air Surveillance Augmented by Twin Radars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 BALÁZS Róbert, KOPCSÓ István: Evidence Based Military Medicine – The NATO Trauma Registry Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 MUNK Sándor: Component based IT interoperability solutions, a novel approach . . . . . . . . . . 31 FEJES Zsolt, KORODI Gyula: Analysis of upper respiratory tract infections in mission circumstances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Petr MUSIL: Implementation of Goal–Oriented Budgeting in the Defence Sector . . . . . . . . . . . 53 FARKAS Tibor, HRONYECZ Erika: The infocommunication system requirements of the deployable rapid diagnostic laboratory support “sampling group” I. . . . . . . . . . . . 59 TÓTH Zsolt: War Grave Excavation Methods: Survey, Results and Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 FURJÁN Attila: Capabilities and application possibilities of the intelligence functional sub–system of “HUTOPCCIS” computer–aided command system operating on a geospatial information systems basis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 RITTER Noémi: Mali: a new challenge for peacekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 SZTANKAI Krisztián: Place and role of cultural anthropology in the Military . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 FURJÁN Attila: Analysis and assessment of targets on a digital map and Computer processing of Intelligence data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Luboš ŠTANCL, Vendula HYNKOVÁ: Origin and development of the thoughts on military keynesianism during 1936–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 KÁTAI-URBÁN Irina, VASS Gyula: Hazardous Activities in Hungary — in terms of Industrial Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Holger SCHEPPELMANN: International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS) 12–Inventories: Determining exemplary requirements for military logistics systems . . 155 HORNYACSEK Júlia, ANTAL Örs: (Specialized) Technical and medical reconnaissance of disaster–affected areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Vlasta ZEKULIĆ, Ana ŽUŽIĆ , Adam PIŠKULIĆ: Support to insurgency and counter insurgency operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Marek PANÁK, Jiří ČERNÝ: Military symbology and schemes of battalion task force in selected tactical activities (Learning tool) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Jiří SZTUKA, Ladislav HAGARA: Military Captcha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 SZABÓ Albert: The Analysis of the U.S. Financial Year (FY) 2014 Defense Budget. . . . . . . . 221 CSURGAI József, SOLYMOSI Máté: Thoughts on the Book Nuclear Reactor Safety . . . . . . . 229

AARMS Vol. 13, No. 1 (2014) 229–233.

Thoughts on the Book Nuclear Reactor Safety CSURGAI József1, SOLYMOSI Máté2 In 2013 December, the SOMOS Environmental Protection Ltd. and the ELTE Eötvös Publishing Company published a new book dedicated to the safety of nuclear reactors and having analogous title (“Nuclear reactor safety”). For the readers of Academic and Applied Research in Military Science we want to present some considerations for reviewing the book. Keywords: nuclear reactor safety, operation and construction of nuclear reactors, safe operation, safety assessment, legal regulation of the reactor safety

Introduction Nuclear weapons, defense against them and the non-proliferation issues have priorities in military science and the science of military engineering. Military tasks of nuclear emergency response and the research with contemporary scientific tools are especially important to meet the challenge of the renaissance of CBRN weapons. The book on Safety of Nuclear Reactors is closely connected to the previously mentioned military and defensive tasks. It provides complete theoretical and practical knowledge of nuclear safety, one of the most essential parts of military engineering, i.e. the safety of nuclear reactors and nuclear power plants, including response tasks of a nuclear emergency. The book Nuclear Reactor Safety covers the issues of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and of the safe construction and operation of nuclear power plants. [1] The following goals of the book were declared by the editors: to complement missing basic knowledge, knowledge transfer, to awaken interest and support experts.

1 2

[email protected] [email protected]

229

CSURGAI József, SOLYMOSI Máté: Thoughts on the Book Nuclear Reactor Safety

Volume I. of Nuclear Reactor Safety The Book has 750 pages in two volumes. The 378 pages of the first volume are separated into Chapters I-III. The contents of the chapters are shortly summarized below.

Picture 1. The cover of Volume I.

Chapter I. The most important processes of nuclear reactors The first chapter reviews the basic nuclear processes facilitating the understanding of the following chapters: fission, chain-reaction, neutron physics, critical systems, research reactors, nuclear power plants, the basic physics of the pressurized water reactors, and the basics of thermo hydraulics, fuel cycle, the behaviour of fuel elements, activity transport and environmental effects.

Chapter II. The construction of nuclear power plants This chapter reviews the basic operation of a nuclear power plant, the function of a nuclear power plant, the features of the power plant cycle, the main characteristics of systems and equipment.

230

AARMS (13) 1 (2014)


Chapter III. The basics of reactor design safety The subjects of the chapter are the normal and emergency operational conditions, and the design basis of them; incidents, accidents, safety functions and systems; design basis and deterministic design principles, risks and characteristics and criteria of risk.

Volume II. of Nuclear Reactor Safety The 372 pages of the second volume are separated into Chapters IV-VI.

Picture 2. The cover of Volume II.

Chapter IV. The operational safety of the reactors Beside the technical requirements, the safety culture and the operational norms, for the consistency and coherence for the construction and the safe operation of a nuclear reactor there must be established instructions and procedures described in the actual chapter. The chapter shows how these norms, instructions and procedures must be complied with in any circumstances during normal and emergency operation. The aging treatments, maintenance, monitoring and testing listed in the chapter are also important elements of safe operation as long as possible.

AARMS (13) 1 (2014)

231


Chapter V. The basics of safety assessments The chapter depicts how safety assessment demonstrates the acceptability of safety level resulting from control measurements and tests directed at serious accident assessments, Level 1 and Level 2 PSA, assessments of external hazards and the evaluation of source term, activity transport and health effects.

Chapter VI. The legislation for the safety of nuclear reactors The acceptance of the use of nuclear reactors in society is - as usual - based on legal regulations. The relevant legislation is mostly based on international standards and other norms accepted by international organizations. Among these are the safety standards of the IAEA3 [3] and the European Union regulations, directives and recommendations. Safety is guaranteed by the international organizations and a system of international conventions. The chapter describes the legislative background, the responsibilities, safety reports, and the activity of international organizations (IAEA, OECD4 NEA5, ENSREG6, WENRA7) and the system of international conventions.

Final conclusions The Hungarian authors of the book have published such a complex work on the topic, a first in the world. Besides the theoretical questions the book provides an overview of the process how the issues of nuclear reactors’ safety are handled by professionals in practice. It can be stated that the book is a new and bright lighthouse in the sea of domestic nuclear safety. It directs and guides the reader through the safety issues of the electricity-producing nuclear power plants, which make up the dominant part of the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Besides the importance, the actuality of the book is also acknowledged, because the MVM8 Paks Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has a leading position in energy production in Hungary, generating more than 40% of the domestic electric energy. However, the increase in energy production has become a necessity recently, and one of the important and environmentally friendly ways is the extension of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant with a new block or blocks. Young specialists, as well as students, teachers and workers in their field of work can find knowledge and experience in the book necessary for the NPP’s extension. A well of experience and several decades of practical knowledge from the writers were also incorporated into this masterpiece. Holló Előd, one of the editors of the book mentioned the possibility of a shorter English edition of the book. The book has 24 authors, who are not teachers, but experts in their own fields, acknowledged both at a domestic and international level. The diversity results in the occasional struc3 4 5 6 7 8

232

International Atomic Energy Agency The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group Western European Nuclear Regulators Association MVM — Magyar Villamos Művek (Hungarian Electric Energy Corporation)

AARMS (13) 1 (2014)


tural problems of the book. It is not a lack of teaching approach, rather the missing unified approach and style that might be objected to. The editors sought homogeneity with the main objectives, that the principles must be reviewed generally and the practical implementations with examples from the Paks NPP should also be referred to. The four-member editorial board had a difficult task to ensure a homogeneity of visions of 24 individual authors. It is appreciated that their effort was mostly successful, but not in every case, unfortunately. We hope that these imperfections of the Hungarian edition will be eliminated in the planned English edition and the readers will receive a great handbook. Based on all these, we highly recommend this book for the specialists of both the civil and the defense sectors.

References [1] ELTER, J., GADÓ, J., HOLLÓ, E., LUX, I. (Eds.): Atomreaktorok biztonsága I., II. kötet. (Safety of Nuclear Reactors, Volume I. and II.) (in Hungarian), Budapest: Somos Environmental Protection Ltd., ELTE Eötvös Publisher, 2013. ISBN 978 312 180 1, and ISBN 978 312 182 5 [2] IAEA: IAEA Safety Standards Series. Vienna, 2008. http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/ publications/sss.asp (downloaded: 21 12 2013) [3] MTA: A nukleáris biztonság területén elért kutatási eredményeket ismertek el az Akadémián. MTA hírek. Budapest: MTA, 2013. 05. 06 http://mta.hu/mta_hirei/a-nuklearis-biztonsagteruleten-elert-kutatasi-eredmenyeket-ismertek-el-az-akademian-131876/ (downloaded: 21 12 2013)

AARMS (13) 1 (2014)

233