Aug 28, 2012 ... Mental representations in phonology. ... Explanation of typology in phonology. ...
In The handbook of phonological theory, edited by John A.
Topics in Phonological Theory Jeffrey Heinz August 28, 2012 1. Mental representations in phonology. • How abstract is phonology? • How are phonemes determined and organized? • How are distinctive features determined? • What are the appropriate levels of representation and what is the nature of the mappings between them? (Hyman, 1970, 1975; Clements and Hume, 1995; Mielke, 2008; Dresher, 2009, among many others) 2. Explanation of typology in phonology. • There is an extraordinary amount of variation in the sound patterns of the world’s languages. But there is also much evidence that the variation is systematic and non-arbitrary. • What accounts for both the variation and its non-arbitrary nature? – – – – –
Perception Articulation Learning Universal Grammar Some combination of the above
• What is the typological variation for some phenomenon like assimilation, dissimilation, epenthesis, deletion, stress, tone, reduplication, etc.? (Ohala, 1981; Flemming, 1996; Hayes et al., 2004; Blevins, 2004; Wilson, 2006; Moreton, 2008; Heinz and Riggle, 2011, among many others) 3. Learning. • How are aspects of phonological grammars learned?
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• What is the evidence from acquisition? • What algorithms are successful? (Johnson, 1984; Dresher and Kaye, 1990; Gildea and Jurafsky, 1996; Dresher, 1999; Tesar and Smolensky, 2000; Goldwater and Johnson, 2003; Goldsmith and Riggle, 2012, among many others) 4. Grammar formalisms. • Rule-ordering grammars are no longer current. • OT grammars are fracturing into many variants. • Computational formalisms. (Chomsky and Halle, 1968; Prince and Smolensky, 2004; Johnson, 1972; Kaplan and Kay, 1994; Frank and Satta, 1998; Riggle, 2004, among many others) 5. Detailed phonological analysis of a particular language and/or pattern. • What is the phenomenon/phenomena under study? • What is necessary to account for it? • How would different theories account for it? • What broader theoretical issues are raised in the analysis of these phenomena? 6. Morpho-phonology • reduplication • infixation • circumfixation • lexical phonology • non-derived environment blocking (McCarthy and Prince, 1990, 1995; Raimy, 1999; Inkelas and Zoll, 2005, among many others) 7. Syntax-phonology interface • Prosodic phrasing • Syntactically-conditioned phonology 8. Phonetics-phonology interface 9. . . . 2
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References Blevins, Juliette. 2004. Evolutionary Phonology. Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, Noam, and Morris Halle. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row. Clements, G.N., and Elizabeth V. Hume. 1995. The internal organization of speech sounds. In The handbook of phonological theory, edited by John A. Goldsmith, chap. 7. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Dresher, Elan. 1999. Charting the learning path: Cues to parameter setting. Linguistic Inquiry 30:27–67. Dresher, Elan. 2009. The Contrastive Hierarchy in Phonology. Cambridge University Press. Dresher, Elan, and Jonathan Kaye. 1990. A computational learning model for metrical phonology. Cognition 34:137–195. Flemming, Edward. 1996. Evidence for constraints on contrast: The dispersion theory of contrast. UCLA Working Papers in Phonology 1:86–106. CD: UWPPFP. Frank, Robert, and Giorgo Satta. 1998. Optimality Theory and the generative complexity of constraint violability. Computational Linguistics 24:307–315. Gildea, Daniel, and Daniel Jurafsky. 1996. Learning bias and phonological-rule induction. Computational Linguistics 24. Goldsmith, John, and Jason Riggle. 2012. Information theoretic approaches to phonological structure: the case of Finnish vowel harmony. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 30:859–896. Goldwater, Sharon, and Mark Johnson. 2003. Learning OT constraint rankings using a maximum entropy model. In Proceedings of the Stockholm Workshop on Variation within Optimality Theory, edited by Jennifer Spenader, Anders Eriksson, and Osten Dahl, 111– 120. Hayes, Bruce, Robert Kirchner, and Donca Steriade, eds. 2004. Phonetically-Based Phonology. Cambridge University Press. Heinz, Jeffrey, and Jason Riggle. 2011. Learnability. In Blackwell Companion to Phonology, edited by Marc van Oostendorp, Colin Ewen, Beth Hume, and Keren Rice. WileyBlackwell. Hyman, Larry. 1970. How concrete is phonology? Language 46:58–76. Hyman, Larry. 1975. Phonology: Theory and Analysis. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 3
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Inkelas, Sharon, and Cheryl Zoll. 2005. Reduplication: Doubling in Morphology. Cambridge University Press. Johnson, C. Douglas. 1972. Formal Aspects of Phonological Description. The Hague: Mouton. Johnson, Mark. 1984. A discovery procedure for certain phonological rules. In Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 344–347. Kaplan, Ronald, and Martin Kay. 1994. Regular models of phonological rule systems. Computational Linguistics 20:331–378. McCarthy, John, and Alan Prince. 1990. Foot and word in prosodic morphology. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8:209–283. McCarthy, John, and Alan Prince. 1995. Faithfulness and reduplicative identity. In Papers in Optimality Theory, edited by Jill Beckman, Laura Walsh Dickey, and Suzanne Urbanczyk, no. 18 in University of Massuchusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics, 249–384. Mielke, Jeff. 2008. The Emergence of Distinctive Features. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Moreton, Elliot. 2008. Analytic bias and phonological typology. Phonology 25:83–127. Ohala, J.J. 1981. The listener as a source of sound change. In Papers from the parasession on language and behavior: Chicago Linguistics Society, edited by C.S. Masek, R.A. Hendrik, and M.F. Miller, 178–203. Prince, Alan, and Paul Smolensky. 2004. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar . Blackwell Publishing. Raimy, Eric. 1999. Representing Reduplication. Delaware, Newark, DE.
Doctoral dissertation, University of
Riggle, Jason. 2004. Generation, recognition, and learning in finite state optimality theory. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles. Tesar, Bruce, and Paul Smolensky. 2000. Learnability in Optimality Theory. MIT Press. Wilson, Colin. 2006. Learning phonology with substantive bias: An experimental and computational study of velar palatalization. Cognitive Science 30:945–982.
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