Towards an Environment for Efficient and Transparent Virtual Machine

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Dragi Kimovski*, Nishant Saurabh*, Sandi Gect, Polona Å tefanićt, Gabor Kecskemetit,. Vlado Stankovski, Radu Prodan* and Thomas Fahringer*. * University of ...
2016 5th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Networking

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