TracePro Capabilities and Examples

TracePro® Capabilities and Examples

August 2000

Agenda TracePro Introduction Creating TracePro Models Importing Lens Designs Importing CAD Solid Models Creating/Editing Objects Material and Surface Properties Creating Sources 3D Scatter Models Getting Output Irradiance/Illuminance Maps Candela Plots Ray Sorting Ray Histories and Tables Flux Report 3D Irradiance

Examples Mulitple LED Light Pipes, Pointers LCD Projector Tailamp Computer Back Light Medical Tissue Lighting, Elliptical Reflector Lighting, Fluoresent Trougher Bent and straight Fibers Stray Light Example- Telescopes

TracePro Overview • • • •

Solids based optical analysis (ACIS) Generalized Monte-Carlo ray-trace Object-oriented C++ Interoperability with lens design, CAD, and modeling software – Built-in compatibility with other ACIS-based software • AutoCAD, Mechanical Desktop, IronCAD, CADKEY, Ashlar Vellum, TurboCAD Solid Modeler, over 100 others.

– Optional 2-way IGES and STEP translators – Optional lens design importers

• Windows user interface

Stray Light and Illumination Analysis using TracePro

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TracePro Architecture • 3D Solid Geometry (ACIS) – Creates a “complete” representation of physical solid objects

• A TracePro Model consists of Objects and Surfaces – A “one-to-many” relationship exists between Objects and Surfaces • A sphere is one object with one surface • A cylinder is one object with three surfaces • A block is one object with six surfaces

• Properties are applied to Objects and Surfaces –

Specify interaction of light with Objects and Surfaces • Surface Properties -- applied to surfaces • Material Properties -- applied to objects • Surface Source Properties -- applied to surfaces


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Solid Modeling • Computer models are “built” from solid objects analogous to real hardware • Objects should not overlap • Objects are always “closed” and bounded by surfaces • Each object can have one material property


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User Interface Features • Standard Windows menus, dialog box features, toolbars, help – conforms to Microsoft Windows Interface Design Guidelines

• • • •

Many dialog boxes are “modeless” Multiple document/multiple view architecture Cut, Copy, and Paste: the Windows Clipboard Output can be saved as text files or copied to the clipboard


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Show TracePro Example


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Creating TracePro Models

Creating / Importing Geometry • Three ways to get geometry into TracePro – Create it within TracePro itself • Primitive Solids - blocks, cylinders, cones, tori, spheres • Boolean Operators - unite, intersect, subtract • TracePro Solids - lenses, Fresnel lenses, reflectors, tubes, baffle vanes

– Import from Mechanical CAD program • ACIS-based CAD program - data can be “shared” • STEP translation • IGES translation

– Import from Lens Design program • 5 lens design programs supported

• Any combination of these can be incorporated into a single TracePro model Stray Light and Illumination Analysis using TracePro

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TracePro File Compatibility TracePro ACIS Kernel


*.OML file *.SAT file Optional Translators IGES Translator

*.IGS file

STEP Translator

*.STP file

Lens Design Importer

Lens design file

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Importing Lens Prescription • Lens Design Programs – ACCOS V, CodeV, Oslo, Sigma, Zemax

• Surface based representations need to be converted to solids – Should set Clear Apertures – Double pass surfaces may need to be removed – Prisms and other NSS structure are not supported


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Import Doublet.LEN LENS GLOBAL LI TELESCOPE DOUBLET - KINGSLAKE P 27-28 C ACCOS(TM) LICENSED FOR USE AT LAMBDA RESEARCH CORP-MA V5.2.9 WV 5.87560E-01 4.86130E-01 6.56270E-01 4.35840E-01 7.06520E-01 SAY 2.000000000E+00 SCY -8.748866300E+08 0.000000000E+00 C SURFACE 0 GLXYZ 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 -1.000000000E+00 CLAP 1.98528589 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AIR C SURFACE 1 ORIGIN CV 1.353270000E-01 CLAP 1.98528589 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SCHOTT BK7 1.517 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C SURFACE 2 GLXYZ 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 1.050000000E+00 CV -1.931100000E-01 CLAP 1.98528589 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SCHOTT LAKN7 1.649 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C SURFACE 3 GLXYZ 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 1.450000000E+00 CV -6.163999999E-02 CLAP 1.98378228 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 AIR C SURFACE 4 GLXYZ 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 1.273608615E+01 CLAP .198528589 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 EOS MODE UFOCAL PM SURTOL 1.000000000E-06 1 PM LPNORT 1.100000000E+01 1 PM SERINC 1.000000000E-01 0 CFGSLV OFF C DESIGNER NAME: G. GROOT GREGORY C .....END OF LENS DATA.....


3MAR95

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Importing CAD Models • Solid models for most CAD program may be imported. • Import is performed by File|Open. • Modeling Precision is the key to successful import. – ACIS uses 1e-6 mm resolution. – Healing can resolve many problems.

• Surface models must be complete and combined into solids – Surfaces are stitched together via the Combine function. – STL and IGES are often surface models.

• Wireframes must be covered – This works easily for planar models but is difficult for others.


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Adding a barrel to the doublet


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Adding a barrel to the doublet


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Importing Surface Models

CAD Model saved to IGES Surface model with NURBS

Imported via IGES and individual FACEs

Select all faces and use Tools|Combine After Healing 5 faces will be converted to Planes and 1 to a Cylinder Example uses ACIS 6.0/TracePro 2.1


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The Insert Menu • Lens Element - radii, thickness, material, aperture, aspheric coefficients • Fresnel lens - material, conjugates, facet width • Reflector - for lamp applications • Tube - elliptical or rectangular • Baffle vane • Primitive solids – – – –

Block Cylinder/Cone Sphere Torus


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Boolean Operations • Example: Two bodies overlapping • Intersect • Subtract • Unite


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Moving, Rotating, and Scaling • Move – Drag objects – Use Edit|Object|Move to move solid objects – Use Move Copy to make arrays of objects

• Rotate – Use Edit|Object|Rotate to rotate solid objects – Use Rotate Copy to make circular arrays of objects

• Scale – Make an object bigger or smaller

• Orientation – Shows object “construction” origin and Euler rotation


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Sweeping and Revolving Surfaces • Sweep a surface to extend one side of an object – draft angle (taper)

• Revolve a surface to create an arc – continuous or stepped – draft angle (taper) – axis and radius of revolution


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Defining / Applying Properties • A database of surface properties and material properties is maintained by TracePro • The user can define custom surface and material properties and add them to the database • These custom properties become available for all subsequent models • The application of these properties is easily accomplished and verified through the user interface


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“Optical” Properties • Surface Properties – Describes how light is reflected, transmitted, absorbed, and scattered at a surface • Energy is conserved: a + r + t + TISr + TISt = 1 • Scatter portions (TISr, TISt) are described by Bidirectional Scatter Distribution Functions (BSDFs) – BRDF: Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function – BTDF: Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function

• Material Properties – Describes the material of the object in terms of its index of refraction and bulk absorption coefficient – Governs how light refracts into the object


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Material Property Editor Interpolation formula

Discrete index values


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Surface Property Editor

• If no specular data is entered, TracePro uses the Index from the Material property to calculate Fresnel reflectance and transmittance • Coating allows specular data to be defined for wavelength and angle • Polarization allows S & P specular data • Retroreflection replaces Specular Transmittance • Solve for assures conservation of energy and quick scatter calculations • Data is relative to incident angle and wavelength


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Bulk Scattering

• The bulk scattering property works in conjunction with an objects material property. To use bulk scattering you must apply a material property appropriate for the volume within which the scattering is to be modeled and to apply a Bulk Scattering property.


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TracePro Properties • Object or Volume Properties – – – – – – –

Material Bulk Scattering Mueller Matrix Raytrace Importance Sampling Gradient Index (2.1) Class and User Data (2.1)


• Surface Properties – – – – – – –

Surface Color Prescription Importance Sampling Exit Surface Diffraction Surface Source

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Sources of Light • Three distinct types of Sources are available in TracePro – Grid Sources: independent of model geometry – File Source (from Radiant Imaging and other sources) – Surface Sources: directly tied to a surface in the model


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Grid Sources


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File Sources • ASCII file with position, direction and flux • May be generated by hand, Excel, ProSource • Incident Ray Table may be saved in Source Format !! Source file: C:\TracePro\TraceProData\SF6Prism\SF6Prism.oml TracePro Version: 2 0 0 Data for Prism Surface 0 Linear Units in mm Data generated at 11:19:54 September 08, 1999 X Pos. Y Pos. Z Pos. X Vec. Y Vec.


Z Vec.

Inc Flux

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Surface Sources • Any surface may be made into a source • Flux may be entered by power, irradiance or temperature

V2.0 Stray Light and Illumination Analysis using TracePro

V2.1 30

True Scatter 3D Scatter Models


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Getting Output

Analyzing the Results of a Raytrace • TracePro has several ways to output data to analyze the results of a raytrace – – – – –

Irradiance/Illuminance Maps Candela/Intensity Plots Incident Ray Tables Ray Histories Surface Flux Reports

• All reports, maps, and tables can be exported for postprocessing


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Irradiance/Illuminance • Importance Sampling example.


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Irradiance/Illuminance • Map and Display Options – – – –

Irradiance, Radiance (simple), CIE Incident or absorbed flux Smoothing, colors, contours Data size

• Normal and Up Vector – Selected surface is projected to a plane – Normal is perpendicular to plane – Up defines releatice +Y axis or Up on screen.

• Output Options – Text data, Bitmap or DXF via File SaveAs


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Candela Plots


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Candela Plots • • •

•

•

Candela is energy per solid angle. TracePro uses the ray direction to fill angular bins. Iso-Candela data is collected for a hemisphere and projected to a plane. Rectangular Iso-Candela data is projected onto a plane and collected in to square bins. Polar and Rectangular distributions are collected into bands.


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Ray Sorting • Allows selection of a subset of displayed rays. – – – –

Selected Surface Scattered rays Wavelength Percentage of rays


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Ray Tables • Incident Ray Tables display rays for a selected surface. • Ray History Tables display ray path from source to selected surface.


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Flux Report • Display summary information for all surfaces and objects in the mode. • Provides options for wavelength selection.


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Property Report • Displays summary data for the models optical properties.


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Analysis and Simulation Modes •

Analysis Mode – Stores all ray tree nodes – Very memory intensive – Allows plots and tables for all model surfaces – Permits Ray History – Display rays

•

Simulations Mode – Stores ray data for a single surface – Stores ray data for missed rays – Much less memory used – No Ray Histories – No Ray display


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Multiple LED Example


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Light Pipes


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Pointers


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LCD Projector


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Taillamp


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Computer Back Light


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Medical Tissue


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Lighting, Elliptical Reflector


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Lighting, Fluorescent Trougher


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Bent and Straight Fibers


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Bent and Straight Fibers


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Stray Light in Telescope


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