The Ceramic Tile Cluster comprises the group of activities related to ceramic tile
manufacturing, from floor and wall tile fabrication, complementary activities such
...
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon Dr. José Luis Amorós and Dr. Carlos Feliu
The Spanish Ceramic Tile Cluster
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Tile Cluster The Ceramic Tile Cluster comprises the group of activities related to ceramic tile manufacturing, from floor and wall tile fabrication, complementary activities such as frit and ceramic colour production, machinery building, and other commercial activities (raw materials supply, manufacture of trims, design studios, etc.) to business support activities (public and private institutions)
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic tile consumption and production Data for 2004 on the major ceramic tile manufacturing countries
Production
2000
Consumption
1500
1000
500
USA
Iran
Thailand
Vietnam
Mexico
Turkey
Indonesia
India
Brazil
Italy
Spain
UE25-It-Sp
Source: ASCER
P.R. China
0
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Tile Cluster. Geographic concentration Spain
Castellón cluster
Figueroles
Number of companies
300 250 200
L'Alcora
La Pobla
294 Borriol
223 Vila-real
150
Onda
100 Nules
50
Mediterranean Sea
28 26
0
Tiles
Frits and pigments
10 miles Almenara
Source: ITC, ASCER, ANFFECC OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Tile Cluster. Distribution of employment Castellon distribution of employment 2003 > Number of employees: 226,300 Unemployment rate: 5.94%
Number of employees: 36,326 Frits and pigments 9.00%
Machinery 4.10%
Industry 30.9% Ceramic tile Industry 12,7%
Services 49.7%
Tiles 86% Building 11.8%
Agriculture 6.50%
Source: INE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Cluster. Industrial Investments Industrial Investments Ceramic Tile Sector Total %
1997 53,54 373,31 14,3
1998 78,18 435,77 17,9
1999 126,33 557,17 22,7
2000 122,31 535,73 22,8
2001 180,48 861,68 20,9
2002 91,14 520,13 17,5
2003 46,48 411,41 11,3
Million €
Although the investment in 2003 by the ceramic sector was the lowest in the last 7 years, it accounted for 64.5% of the total industrial investment in Castellón province and 11.3% of the entire Valencia Region.
Source: ASCER OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Cluster. Evolution of frit and pigment production
Turnover (million €)
900 750 600 450 300 150
19 93 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05
0
Year Source: ANFFECC
National
Export
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Cluster. Evolution of tile production 4000
Turnover (million €)
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 93 994 995 996 997 998 999 000 001 002 003 004 005 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 19 2 2 2 Source: ASCER
National
Year
Export
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Cluster. Evolution of tile production Evolution of firing processing
Production (million m2)
Total production 700
25.1%
600
1% 3.7%
500
44.1%
400 300 200
64.2%
100
36.9%
9% 1%
04
02
00
98
96
94
92
90
88
86
0
Year 1984
Source: ASCER
1998
Single-fire floor tile
Fast twice-fire wall tile
Single-fire wall tile
Traditional twice-fire wall tile
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Main factors contributing to the success of the ceramic sector in Castellón: > > > >
High sectoral cohesion Highly skilled human resources Optimal use of technological resources Existence of public and private institutions supporting sector innovation
Innovation System Model
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Local Innovation System Model
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Tile Cluster. Innovation System Model Innovation and technology development are the result of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities, government and research institutes Enterprises
Administration
Infrastructures
Public-Private R&D system
Environment
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic Cluster. Innovation System Model CEVISAMA
Ministry of Commerce
ICEX
Ministry of Industry
Technological Policy
Environment
SEPIVA IVEX
Industry
IMPIVA ASEBEC
Education AAOA
University Jaume I of Castellón County Council
ANFFECC Companies
Regional Government Generalitat Valenciana
ASCER
CDTI / DGpyme
Depts
Public bodies
Town Councils
FP II
ITC ALICER
Chemical Engineering Dept Lab. CSC
QUALICER
IPC Cer. Cer. Technicians’ Technicians’ Ass. Ass.
Chamber of Commerce
Ind. Eng. Eng. Ass. Ass.
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
The Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Structure
Concert Agreement AICE - UJI University Institute for Ceramic 5th November 2001 Technology
“Agustín Escardino”
Ceramic Industry Research Association
Both institutions jointly use the premises, facilities, equipment, material, and staff that make up their research infrastructure OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC general overview Main objective: > “The Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica’s mission is to foster and develop whatever technical activities may contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of the ceramic sector, both in the domestic and international marketplace” Over 30 years’ experience in research and technology development, always working closely with companies to meet industry needs Providing more than 360 companies world-wide (90% of which are SMEs) with scientific and technological services
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC historical overview 1969: Creation of the Instituto de Química Técnica. University of Valencia 1975: All activities are focused on ceramics 1984: Establishment of the Ceramic Industry Research Association (AICE). Agreement between AICE and Instituto de Química Técnica. 1993: The name changes and becomes Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica (ITC). Integration of ITC at University Jaume I
(UJI) of Castellón. 1993: Establishment of Industrial Ceramic Design Association (ALICER) from ITC Design Department 1997: Official opening of the new ITC building on UJI campus grounds. 2006: Integration of ALICER OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC main facts Highly qualified team – 23 university lecturers, 53 graduates, 27 technicians, and 27 support staff 8000 m2 of laboratories, pilot plant, meeting rooms, offices, lecture rooms, and stores 6 million euro in scientific instruments and equipment 450 analyses and tests relating to ceramic materials or the manufacturing process 600 R&D Projects ∼ Revenue of 12.5 million euro 17 European R&D Projects
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Organisation Production
79.2%
22 PhD holders 54 4 or 5 yr degree holders/Engineers 4 3 yr degree holders/Tech. Engin. 23 Vocational training and Arts & Crafts graduates Support
Total Staff: 130
20.8%
2 4 or 5 yr degree holders 8 3 yr degree holders/Tech. Engin. 17 Medium-level qualifications
(Equivalent 108 fullfull-time staff) OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Organisation 28 Persons engaged in the University
20.7%
3 Full Professors 10 Associate Professors 1 PhD-holding Assist. Prof. 9 Assistant Professors 1 PhD-holding administrative and service staff 4 Administrative and service staff
Total Staff: 130 (Equivalent 108 fullfull-time staff) OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC Number of associated companies Average in the last 10 years: 284 companies No. of associates 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995
year 1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC contribution to Industrial Innovation
Industrial Innovation Novel technology + resources
Qualified human resources
+
Financial resources (capital)
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Novel technology resources
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC activities > R&D+i and technological consultancy > Technology Transfer > Training and educating > Technological service > Design and Architecture > Competitive Intelligence service
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Ceramic subsector activity Revenue from ceramic subsectors Euros 2.500.000
Sanitary ware/Artware
2.000.000
Other
Machinery and Consultancy Brick & Roof tiles
1.500.000
Raw materials 1.000.000
Frits and glazes 500.000
Ceramic tiles 0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Year OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
R&D activity Euros
Revenue from R&D projects
2.000.000 1.800.000 1.600.000 1.400.000
Spanish Administration-related R&D
1.200.000 1.000.000
European Union-related R&D
800.000 600.000
Company-related R&D
400.000 200.000 0 1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Year
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Areas of work Number of papers in scientific journals 120
Technical ceramics 100
Energy and Environment 80
Measurement and control techniques 60
Frits and Glazes
40
Manufacturing process 20
Raw materials 0 1972-1976
1977-1981
1982-1986
1987-1991
1992-1996
1997-2001
2002-2006
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
R&D+i and technological consultancy R&D+i and Technological Consultancy activities are carried out to meet he demands of the ceramic sector
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Technology transfer The work involved is aimed at directly applying or, when required, adapting technologies from other industrial branches to the ceramic sector to satisfy specific industrial needs
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Technological service Analyses and Tests
accredited laboratories
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Design & Architectural applications From this area actions are undertaken to generate new applications of ceramics in architecture, aimed at recovering ceramics as functional and decorative, yet also innovative elements for architects and designers
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Competitive Intelligence System Center for Information and documentation generating and coordinating studies, reports, and events concerning the market; industry; consumer; trends in product design in related sectors; technology watch and product development
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Qualified Human Resources
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
Offer in Castellón of specialised training in ceramics (regulated) Vocational training
Industrial ceramics
School of art and design
Ceramic tile design
Schools of ceramics
Diploma in Ceramics
84/85 (Castellón) 00/01 (Onda)
88/89 00/01 (Manises) 05/06 (l´Alcora)
Chem. Degree, specialty in Industrial Chemistry
From 88/89 to 98/99
Chemical Engineering Degree
Since 93/94
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
University graduates University graduates from UJI with a specialty in ceramic materials technology 800 700
500
Chemical Engineering (400)
400 300 200
Industrial Chemistry (283)
100
20 06
20 05
20 04
20 03
20 02
20 01
20 00
19 99
19 98
19 97
19 96
19 95
19 94
19 93
19 92
19 91
0 19 90
Nr graduates
600
year OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC contribution to the training of qualified technical personnel Attendance by industrial technicians to ongoing training courses 3000
2604 technicians in 174 courses since 1990
2000
1500 1000 500
20 05
20 04
20 03
20 02
20 01
20 00
19 99
19 98
19 97
19 96
19 95
19 94
19 93
19 92
19 91
0
19 90
Number of technicians
2500
year OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
ITC contribution to the training of qualified technical personnel 137 technicians with higher education or medium-level qualifications hired by companies, after postgraduate training at ITC 160
No 140 120 100 80 60 40 20
05 20
04 20
03 20
02 20
01 20
00 20
99 19
98 19
97 19
96 19
95 19
94 19
93 19
92 19
91 19
19
90
0
year OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
Transforming traditional industry into a leader: The tile industry in Castellon
The INSTITUTO DE TECNOLOGIA CERAMICA
OECD/IMHE Supporting the contribution of higher education instituttions to regional development. Copenhagen 16-17/10/2006
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