Truck with Alcoa Wheels Truck with Steel Wheels

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A Comparative Life Cycle. Assessment of Aluminum ... Light Truck & Trailer. More vehicles are fitted ... investigating other life cycle impacts. • 2011 – began our ...
When Less is More – A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminum and Steel Truck Wheels Casey Wagner Jonathan Provo Christoph Koffler, PhD

Alcoa & Sustainability

Alcoa Sustainability Advancing Each Generation for over 125 years!

Reduced GHG intensity in primary metal by 23% since 2005 Aggressive 2020 and 2030 goals for water, GHG, landfill waste, and mine rehabilitation More information available at www.alcoa.com/sustainability and www.alcoa.com/lca 3

Alcoa Wheel and Transportation Products

Commercial Vehicle Wheels (CVW)

Forged Specialty Wheels (FSW)

Transportation Products (ATP)

Market Segments

Medium & Heavy Duty Truck & Trailer

RV/Motor Home & Coach

Light Truck & Trailer

Automobile

More vehicles are fitted with Alcoa forged aluminum wheels than any other brand.

Global Presence with 14 Facilities in 9 Countries

* Alcoa facility connected to Alcoa Wheel and Transportation Products

Alcoa Background for the Study

• 2010 – WRI Road Test • Evaluated switching from an older model of aluminum wheel to newer lighter version (LvL One) • Sparked the interest of doing a more in depth evaluation of steel and aluminum wheels and also investigating other life cycle impacts • 2011 – began our relationship with PE

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Scope & Findings

Functional Unit and Reference Flows Aluminum

Steel

Function

Couple truck tires to vehicle hubs

Magnitude

Duration

A1: 18 wheels A1: 18 wheels A2: 10 wheels A2: 18 wheels B: 12 wheels B: 12 wheels 1,000,000 miles (US) / 1.500.000 km (EU)

Level of quality

22.5'' heavy-duty truck wheels

Reference flows:

A1: A2: B:

810 lbs. 554 lbs. 268 kg

US: US: EU:

1,224 lbs. 1,224 lbs. 483 kg

Carbon Return-on-Investment 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 − 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑅𝑂𝐼 = 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑢𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛

Mass-Restricted Case Truck with Alcoa Wheels

Truck with Steel Wheels

Payload (lbs)

45,414

45,000

Utilization rate

100%

100%

Gross Weight (lbs)

80,000

80,000

1,000,000

1,000,000

5.7

5.7

173,290

173,290

Use Phase CO2e (kg)

1,990,332

1,990,332

Total t*km

33,151,592

32,849,446

0.0600

0.0606

Distance (mi) Fuel Economy (mpg)

Diesel Consumed (gal)

kg CO2e / t*km

Mass-Restricted Case – Break Even

Total savings of 17.8 tons of carbon dioxide with a cROI of 466%

Volume-Restricted Case Truck with Alcoa Wheels

Truck with Steel Wheels

Payload (lbs)

13,500

13,500

Utilization rate

29.74%

30.00%

Gross Weight (lbs)

48,086

48,500

1,000,000

1,000,000

6.81

6.8

145,165

145,689

Use Phase CO2e (kg)

1,668,924

1,673,558

Total t*km

9,854,818

9,854,818

0.1694

0.1698

Distance (mi) Fuel Economy (mpg) Diesel Consumed (gal)

kg CO2e / t*km

Volume-Restricted Case – Break Even

Total savings of 4.1 tons of carbon dioxide with a cROI of 105%

Average Use Case – Break Even

• Based on a 31/69 volume-to-mass-restricted share (78% average utilization rate) • Total savings of 16.3 tons of carbon dioxide with a cROI of 426%

Average Use Case Sensitivity Analysis

End-of-Life Treatment Average Case Savings (t CO2)

MassRestricted Savings (t CO2)

Volume Restricted Savings (t CO2)

Value-Corrected Substitution

16.3

17.8

4.1

Avoided Burden

16.9

18.4

4.7

Cut-off

9.2

10.7

-2.9

EoL Scenario

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