MODIFIED CURRICULUM

B.Sc.

From the batch of Students admitted in the Academic Year 2008-09

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY NAGARJUNA NAGAR – 522 510

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B.Sc. COURSE STRUCTURE Second Year w.e.f. the Academic Year 2010-11 (From the batch of Students admitted in the year 2008-09)

Subject

S.No. 1.

Foundation Course

Hrs per week 3

No of Marks 100

Hrs per week 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

No of Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 50 50 50 50

39

1000

(SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT)

Subject

S.No. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core Core

– 1 – III – 1 – IV – 2 – III – 2 – IV – 3 – III – 3 – IV –1- Lab III –1- Lab IV – 2- Lab III – 2- Lab IV – 3- Lab III – 3- Lab IV Total ::

* For all B.A & B.Sc. programmes with no Computer Course as core subject

NOTE : 1. All are credit Subjects for award of Pass / Class 2. For those subjects modified curriculum is not given, the old syllabus holds good. 3. Model question papers that are not available with this booklet will be sent to the colleges in due course.

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For all B.A./B.Sc. & B.Com. Programs with no computer course as core subject Part I Paper SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (Foundation Course at the end of third Year Undergraduate Programme) With effect from 2010-2011 Unit I : Science 1.

2.

3.

Earth System - Characteristic features – Lithosphere, Hydrosphere – Atmosphere. Lithosphere – Soil characteristics, texture, fertility and its control Hydrosphere – Hydrological cycle – water bodies – ponds, lakes, rivers and their characteristics Water consumption at global level and regional level – Management of water bodies. Atmosphere – Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere – Composition of air – Ozone – Ozone layer – its importance. Life Sciences – Concept of origin life – Evolution and diversity of life – Cell – Molecular basis of life and living forms – Mendelian concepts on inheritance – DNA as Genetic material – its impact on society – Blood – Blood groups – transfusion. Chemical Science – Drugs – Development drugs – Antibiotics – Penicillin, Tetracycline – Sulpha-drugs – anti-malarials, anti-pyretics, analgesics with one or two examples for each type – HIV AIDS – drugs available – Abacavir (Ziagen), Zidovudine (Retravir, AZT, ADV). Soaps and Detergents – Sources – mechanism of soap action – development of detergents – applications – disadvantages of detergents. Plastics and polymers – Polyethene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), nylon 66 – rubber and synthetic rubber. Agrochemicals and Feritilisers – Pesticides – Introduction – DDT, BHC, Malathion, Parathion – Fungicides – Rodenticides, Weedicides. Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilizers – Microfertilisers, Bio-pesticides, neem and bacillus thuringensis, Biofertilisers – Applications and their affects on nature. Vitamins - Natural sources – importance – deficiencies.

Unit II : Technology and Development 1.

2.

3.

3

Communication – Definition, nature and concept of communication – role of communication in society. Types of Communication – Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, group and mass communication. Traditional and folk forms of communication in India. New Media technologies - Satellite, Cable and Internet. Process of Communication – Functions of communication, elements and barriers of communication. Mass Media – Press, Radio, TV and Films. Functions of mass communication. Transport – Wheel, Steam Engine, Automobile, Ship, Airplane. Comparison of Road, Rail, Water and Air transports in terms of infrastructure, speed, cost etc. Energy - Sources – Renewable sources of energy – Non-renewable sources of energy Conventional energy sources - non conventional energy – wind, water, tidal, solar, geothermal, atomic energy, bio-fuels - sources and their applications – Energy Management – Energy Conservation – Future needs of energy. Health - problems – Genetic Engineering and its applications – Genetic disorders and counseling – Sex Education – Venereal diseases, AIDS.

4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

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Bio-technology - Introduction – Applications – Health and Human welfare – Agriculture – Genetic Engineering and its applications – Single cell protein (SCP) – Mushroom culture – Cloning. Green Revolution – Introduction – Types of crops developed in green revolution. Agricultural Technology – Techniques in forming and crop production – Various revolutions in Indian agriculture. Food Technology – Introduction – Food Processing – Methods of processing – Food preservation and methods of preservation. National Institutions (Science) - Institutions imparting education - Institutions performing research and development – Role of Scientific Institutions in Research, Technology and Development.

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY: NAGARJUNA NAGAR III B.A., B.Sc. & B.Com. Part I Paper SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (Foundation Course at the end of third Year Undergraduate Programme) With effect from 2010-2011 MODEL QUESTION PAPER Time: 3 hours

Max. Marks: 100 SECTION A

Answer any four of the following questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What is Earth? Explain different types of earth system in detail. Explain the evolution and diversity of life What are pesticides? Explain different types of pesticides. Write their uses and disadvantages. What are drugs? Explain different types of drugs available in the market with their advantages and disadvantages. What are the important types of communication types available today? Explain. What is energy? Explain different forms of energy available in nature. What is biotechnology? Explain its applications in human health and agriculture. Name few National institutions in our country. Explain national institutions in research role in the development of our country.

SECTION B Answer any Eight of the following questions 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

5

4 x 15 = 60

Write on green revolution. Explain Energy conservation. Write the functions of mass communication. Write on internet. Write about the importance of communication. Mushroom Culture. Wheel Explain. Write on food processing. Explain soil and its fertility. Write some applications of poly vinyl chloride (PVC). Write the importance of Vitamins in maintaining our health. Explain DNA and its role in life What are detergents? What is blood? Explain its groups. Explain the importance of Ozone layer Write about the drugs available for treating AIDS.

8 x 5 = 40

THIRD YEAR BOTANY SYLLABUS Paper – III: Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity (Total Hours of Teaching: 90 @ 3 h / Week) Unit - I: Cell Biology

(22 h)

1. Plant cell envelops:

(4 h)

1.1 - Ultra structure of cell wall 1.2 - Molecular organisation of cell membranes. 2. Nucleus:

(7 h)

2.1 – Ultra Structure of Nucleus 2.2 – Nucleic acids - Structure and replication of DNA, Types and functions of RNA. 3. Chromosomes:

(6 h)

3.1 – Morphology of Chromosomes 3.2 - Special Types of Chromosomes – Lamplercesh, polytene, B-Chromosomes 3.3 - Euchromatin and Heterochromatin 3.4 - Karyotype. 4. Cell division:

(6 h)

4.1 - Cell cycle and regulation 4.2 – Mitosis and Meiosis - their significance. Unit - II: Genetics

(22 h)

5. Mendelism:

(6 h)

5.1 – Mendelian laws of Inheritance. 5.2 - Genetic interactions - Epistasis, complementary, supplementary, inhibitory genes. 6. Linkage and crossing over:

( 5 h)

6.1 - A brief account on linkage and crossing over. 6.2 - Genetic maps – Construction of genetic maps - 2 point and 3 point test cross data. 7. Mutations:

(6 h)

7.1 - Chromosomal aberrations - structural and numerical changes- Outliner 7.2 - Gene mutations 7.3 - Transposable elements. 8. Gene Expression: 8.1 - Organisation of gene 8.2 – Mechanism of gene expression - Protein synthesis 8.3 – Regulation of gene expression - Lac operon, Trp operon ). 6

(5 h)

Unit - III: Ecology 9.

(25 h)

Ecosystem:

(7 h)

9.1 - Concept and components of Ecosystem. 9.2 - Energy flow, food chains and food webs 9.3 - Ecological Pyramids. 9.4 – Bio-geo-chemical cycles - Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus 10.

Plants and Environment:

(8 h)

10.1 - General account of ecological factors – Climatic, edaphic, Biotic. 10.2 - Ecological adaptations of plants. 11. Population Ecology:

(3 h)

11.1– Out lines – Notality, mortality, growth curves, ecotypes, ecads. 12. Community Ecology:

(5 h)

12.1 – Out lines of - Frequency, density, cover, life forms, biological spectrum 12.2 - Ecological succession - Hydrosere, Xerosere 13. Production Ecology:

(2 h)

13.1 - Concepts of productivity, GPP, NPP, CR (Community Respiration) and secondary production, P/R ratio of Ecosystems. Unit - IV: Biodiversity and Conservation

(21 h)

14. Biodiversity - I:

(4 h)

14.1 - Concepts, Convention on Biodiversity - Earth Summit. Types of biodiversity. 15. Biodiversity – II:

(4 h)

15.1 - Levels, threats and value of Biodiversity. 16. Hot spots of India:

(5 h)

16.1 - Endemism, North Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats. 17. Agrobiodiversity:

(2 h)

17.1 - Out lines - Vavilov centres of crop plants. 18. Principles of conservation:

(6 h)

18.1 - IUCN - threat-categories 18.2 - RED data book, threatened and Endangered plants of India 18.3 - Role of organisations in the conservation of Biodiversity – WCED, IUCN, UNEP, WWF, NBPGR, NBD. 7

Suggested Readings: Bharucha, E. 2005. Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses. Universities Press (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad. Fukui, K. and S. Nakayama. 1996. Plant Chromosomes: Laboratory Methods. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Harris, N. and K. J. Oparka. 1994. Plant Cell Biology: A Practical Approach. IRL Press at University Press, Oxford. UK. Khitoliya, R. K. 2007. Environmental Pollution – Management and Control for Sustainable Development. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Kormondye, E. 1989. Concepts of Ecology (3rd Ed.). Printice Hall of India, New Delhi Kothari, A. 1997. Understanding Biodiversity: Life, Sustainability and Equity: Tracts for the Times. 11. Orient Longman Ltd., New Delhi. Michael, S. 1996. Ecology. Oxford University Press, London. Mishra. D. D. 2008. Fundamental Concepts in Environmental Studies. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Odum, E. P. 1983. Basics of Ecology. Saunder’s International Students Edition, Philadelphia. Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity of Microbes, Croptogams, Cell Biology and Genetics. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Sharma, P. D. 1989. Elements of Ecology. Rastogi Publications, Meerut. Sharma, A. K. and A. Sharma. 1999. Plant Chromosomes: Analysis, Manipulation and Engineering. Harwood Academic Publishers, Australia. Shukla, R. S. and P. S. Chandel. 2007. Cytogenetics, Evolution, Biostatistics and Plant Breeding. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Singh, H. R. 2005. Environmental Biology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Snustad, D. P. and M. J. Simmons. 2000. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., U S A Strickberger, M. W. 1990. Genetics (3 rd Ed.). Macmillan Publishing Company. Verma, P. S. and V. K. Agrawal. 2004. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Verma, P. S. and V. K. Agrawal. 2006. Genetics. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi

****

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Practical - III: Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity (Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 90 @ 3 h / Week in 3 Sessions) Suggested Laboratory Exercises: 1. Demonstration of cytochemical methods: Fixation of plant material and nuclear staining for mitotic and meiotic studies. 2. Cytological preparation (Squash) of Onion root tips to study mitosis. 3. Study of meiotic stages - using cytological preparation of Onion flower buds/Photographs/ permanent slides). 4. Karyotype study with the help of photographs/permanent slides 5. Study of polytene chromosomes of salivary glands from Chironomus/Photo graphs/prepared slides 6. Solving genetic problems – on - Monohybrid, Dihybrid ratios, Interaction of genes 7. Construction of linkage maps - two point test cross. 8. Knowledge of ecological instruments - working principles and applications of Hygrometer, rain gauze, anemometer, altimeter, light meter, wet and dry bulb thermometer (with the help of Equipment / diagrams/ photographs). 9. Estimation of total dissolved salts in different water samples with the help of TDS meter. 10. Determination of soil texture (composition of - clay, sand silt etc.) and p H 11. Study of Morphological and anatomical characteristics of plant communities using locally available plant species: Hydrophytes – Pistia, Eichhornia, Hidrilla, Vallisneria, Heterophylla Xerophytes – Opuntia, Asperagus, Euphorbia antiquorum, Parkinsoxia. Halophytes - Rhizophora, Avecenia 12. Detailed study on flora of a local fresh water or aquaculture pond – one day 6 h. 13. Geographical spotting of certain endemic and endangered plant species of AP. 14. Field visits to local areas of ecological / conservation of biodiversity importance (Sacred grove / Reserved forest / Botanical garden / Zoo Park / Lake etc.). (At least two days trips

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Paper - IV: Physiology, Tissue Culture, Biotechnology, Seed Technology and Horticulture (Total Hours of Teaching: 90 @ 3 h / Week) Unit - I: Physiology (Part A)

(24 h)

1. Water Relations:

6h

1.1 - Importance of water to plant life 1.2 - Physical properties of water, diffusion, Imbibition, osmosis - osmotic and pressure potentials of water. 1.3 – Absorption of water 1.4 – Ascent sap - Transport of water 1.5 – Transpiration - Stomatal structure and movements. 2. Mineral Nutrition:

4h

2.1 – Essentiality of elements 2.2 - Macro and micro nutrients - their role, deficiency symptoms 2.3 - Absorption of mineral ions - Passive and active processes. 3. Enzymes:

4h

3.1 - Nomenclature, characteristics 3.2 - Mechanism and regulation of enzyme action 3.3 - Enzyme kinetics (out lines) 3.4 - Factors regulating enzyme action. 4. Photosynthesis:

8h

4.1 - Photosynthetic pigments 4.2 - Absorption and action spectra 4.3 - Red drop and Emerson enhancement effect 4.4- Concept of photosystems 4.5- Mechanism of photosynthesis 4.5.1 - Electron transport, evolution of oxygen, photophosphorylation 4.5.2 - Carbon assimilation pathways - C3, C4 and CAM. 4.6 - Photorespiration. 5. Translocation of organic substances:

2h

5.1 - Mechanism of phloem transport - source-sink relationships. Unit - II: Physiology (Part B)

(24 h)

6. Respiration: 6.1 - Aerobic and Anaerobic 6.2 – Glycolysis 6.3 – Kreb’s cycle 6.4 - Electron transport system - mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation 6.5 - Pentose - phosphate pathway. 10

6h

7. Nitrogen Metabolism:

6h

7.1 - Biological nitrogen fixation 7.2 - Nitrate reduction 7.3 - Ammonia assimilation 7.4 - Aamino acid synthesis 8. Lipid Metabolism:

3h

8.1 - Structure and functions of lipids 8.2 - Conversion of lipids to carbohydrates - β-oxidation. 9. Growth:

2h

9.1 – Definition 9.2 – Phases of growth 9.3 – Kinetics of growth 10. Phytohormones:

3h

10.1 - Physiological effects of phytohormones- auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ABA, ethylene, brassinosteroids

11. Physiology of Flowering:

2h

11.1 - Physiology of flowering – photoperiodism 11.2 - Role of phytochrome in flowering.

12. Stress Physiology:

2h

12.1 - Concept 12.2 - Plant responses to water, salt and temperature stresses.

Unit - III: Tissue Culture and Biotechnology

(22 h)

13. Tissue culture: 13.1 – Introduction 13.2 - Sterilization procedures 13.3 - Culture media – composition, preparation 13.4 - Explants.

4h

14. Cell and Protoplast culture:

4h

14.1 - Cell and protoplast culture 14.2 - Somatic hybrids and cybrids. 15. Applications of Tissue culture: 4h 15.1- Production of pathogen free plants, somaclonal variants, stress resistant variants 15.2 - Secondary metabolites, synthetic seeds. 11

16. Biotechnology:.

(3h)

16.1 - Introduction, Applications 17. rDNA technology:

(7h)

17.1 – Steps 17.2 - Vectors 17.3 - Gene cloning 17.4 - Transgenic plants Unit - IV: Seed Technology and Horticulture

(20 h)

18. Seed:

4h

18.1 - Concept, Structure, types. 18.2 - Seed dormancy – causes, methods of breaking of seed dormancy 19. Seed storage:

4h

19.1 - Seed banks 19.2 - Factors affecting seed viability 19.3 - Genetic erosion. 19.4 - Seed production technology 19.5 - Seed testing and certification 20. Horticulture Techniques:

4h

20.1 – Introduction 20.2 - General aspects (outlines) of Cultivation of ornamental and vegetable crops, Bonsai and landscaping 21. Floriculture:

4h

21.1 - Introduction. 21.2 - Importance of green house, polyhouse, mist chamber, shade nets, Micro irrigation systems. 21.3 - Floriculture potential and its trade in India 22. Vegetative Propagation of plants:

4h

22.1 - Stem, root and leaf cuttings. 22.2 - Layering and bud grafting. 22.3 - Role of plant growth regulators in horticulture. Suggested Readings: Adams, C. R., K. M. Banford and M. P. Early. 1993. Principles of Horticulture. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., London. 12

Agrawal, P. K. 1993. Hand Book of Seed Technology. Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation. National Seed Corporation Ltd., New Delhi Balasubramanian, D., C. F. A. Bryce, K. Dharmalingam, J. Green and K. Jayaraman. 2004. Biotechnology. Universities Press (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad. Bedell, Y. E. Seed Science and Technology. Indian Forest Species. Allied Publishers Limited. New Delhi. Channarayappa. 2007. Molecular Biotechnology – Principles and Practices. Universities Press (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad. Chawala, H. S. 2002. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi. Dubey, R. C. 2001. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi Edmond, J. B., T. L. Senn, F. S. Adrews and R. J. Halfacre. 1977. Fundamentals of Horticulture (4th Ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Gorer, R. 1978. The Growth of Gardens. Faber and Faber Ltd., London. Hartman, H. T. and D. E. Kestler. 1976. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice & Hall of India, New Delhi. Hopkins, W. G. 1995. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA Jain, J.L., S. Jain and Nitin Jain. 2008. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Jha, T.B. and B. Ghosh. 2005. Plant Tissue Culture – Basic and Applied. Universities Press (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad. Janick Jules. 1979. Horticultural Science. (3rd Ed.). W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, USA. Lewin, B. 1994. Genes V. Oxford University Press., Oxford. Lewin, B. 2002. Genes VII. Oxford University Press., Oxford. Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Ecology and Utilization of Plants. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Ramawat, K. G. 2008. Plant Biotechnology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi. Rao, K. M. 1991. A Text Book of Horticulture. McMillan India Ltd, New Delhi. Salisbury, F. B. and C. W. Ross. 1992. Plant Physiology. 4th edn. (India Edition), Wordsworth, Thomson Learning Inc., USA. Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 1998. Plant Physiology (2nd Ed.). Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Massachusetts, USA. Tiwari, G. N. and R. K. Goal. Green House Technology – Fundamentals, Design, Modelling and Application. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi. Tunwar, N. S. and S. V. Singh. 1988. Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards. The Central Seed Certification Board, Govt. of India, New Delhi. 13

Practical - IV: Physiology, Tissue Culture, Biotechnology, Seed Technology and Horticulture (Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 90 @ 3 h / Week in 30 Sessions) Suggested Laboratory Exercises: Plant Physiology – Major experiments

(21 h)

1.

Determination of osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by plasmolytic method using leaves of Rhoeo / Tradescantia. (3 h)

2.

Determination of rate of transpiration using cobalt chloride method.

(3 h)

3.

Determination of rate of transpiration using Ganong’s photometer

(3 h)

4.

Determination of catalase activity using potato tubers by titration method.

(3 h)

5.

Separation of chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography technique.

(3 h)

6.

Estimation of protein by biuret method.

(3 h)

7.

Titratable acidity estimation in lemon or tamarind leavees

(3 h)

Plant Physiology – Minor experiments (12 h) 8.

Demonstration of transport of water through xylem

(3 h)

9.

Determination of stomatal frequency using leaf epidermal peelings.

(3 h)

10. Demonstration of Imbibition 11. Study of mineral deficiency symptoms using plant material/photographs.

(3 h) (3 h)

Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 12. Knowledge of instruments and facilities used in plant tissue culture Using equipment / photographs) (6 h) (Laminar air flow, Incubator, Autoclave/ pressure cooker, shaker) 13. Study of protocols and photographs/charts related to plant bio-technology: Isolation of nuclear/ plasmid DNA, Estimation DNA Separation of DNA by gel electrophoresis, r – DNA technology

(6 h)

14. Study of biotechnology products: - Samples of antibiotics, vaccines, biofertilizers, SCP, cosmetics - Photographs of transgenic plants, multiple shoots and Artificial / synthetic seeds

(6 h)

Seed Technology and Horticulture 15. Testing of seed viability using 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC).

(3 h)

16. Study of non-dormant seed germination: Breaking of seed dormancy caused by hard seed coat using scarification technique (3 h) 14

17. Demonstration of seed dressing using fungicide to control diseases.

(3 h)

18. Demonstration of seed dressing using biofertilizer (Rhizobium) to enrich nutrient supply. (3 h) 19. Study on tools/equipment used in horticulture - Rake, hoe, spade, trowel, digger, pick-axe, shade net, glass house and mist chamber (9 h) 20. Demonstration of vegetative plant propagation - Rooting of cuttings – Leaf and Stem; layering; stem, bud and wedge grafting (6 h) 21. Study visits to places of horticultural and biotechnological interest - Commercial nurseries/ Botanical gardens; Biotechnology R & D laboratories/Industries. Two days (6 h) *****

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THIRD YEAR BIO-CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS Theory – Paper-III: Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology

Unit- I : Physiology

24 hours

Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Composition of blood and coagulation of blood. Hemoglobin and transport of gases in blood (oxygen and CO2). Heart- structure of the heart, cardiac cycle, cardiac factors controlling blood pressure. Muscle- kinds of muscles, structure of myofibril, organization of contractile proteins and mechanism of muscle contraction. Nervous system- structure of neuron, resting potential, action potential, propagation of nerve impulse, synapse, synaptic transmission, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Physiology of vision- visual pigments and visual cycle. Endocrinology- organization of endocrine system. Classification of hormones. Outlines of chemistry, physiological role and disorders of hormones of pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, gonads, placenta, adrenals, pituitary and hypothalamus. Introduction of gastrointestinal hormones. Mechanism of hormonal action- signal transduction pathways for adrenaline, glucocorticoids and insulin.

Unit- II : Nutrition

21 hours

Balanced diet. Calorific values of foods and their determination by bomb calorimeter. BMR and factors affecting it. Specific dynamic action of foods. Energy requirements and recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for children, adults, pregnant and lactating women. Sources of complete and incomplete proteins. Biological value of proteins. Role of essential fatty acids in human nutrition. Malnutrition- Kwashiorkar, Marasmus and PEM. Vitamins- sources, structure, biochemical roles, deficiency disorders of water and fat soluble vitamins. Introduction to neutraceutical and functional foods. Bulk and trace elements-Ca, Mg, Fe, I, Cu, Mo, Zn, Se and F. Obesity and starvation.

Unit- III : Clinical Biochemistry

23 hours

Plasma proteins in health and disease. Disorders of blood coagulation (haemophilia). Types of anemias, haemoglobinopathies-sickle cell anemia and thalassemias. Structure and functions of the liver. Liver diseases-jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis. Liver function testsconjugated and total bilurubin in serum, albumin: globulin ratio, hippuric acid and bromsulphthalein tests. Serum enzymes in liver diseases- SGPT, GGT and alkaline phosphatase.

24

Kidneys-structure of nephron, urine formation, normal and abnormal constituents of urine. Biological buffers. Role of kidneys in maintaining acid-base and electrolyte balance in the body. Renal function tests- creatinine and urea clearance tests, phenol red test. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism- hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, renal threshold value. Diabetes mellitus-classification, glucose tolerance test (GTT), diabetic ketoacidosis. Disorders of lipid metabolism- plasma lipoproteins, lipoproteinemias, fatty liver, hyper cholesterolemia, atherosclerosis. Biochemical tests for the diagnosis of heart diseases- HDL/LDL cholesterol, SGOT, LDH, CK, Creactive protein, cardiac troponins.

Unit- IV : Immunology

22 hours

Organization of immune system. Organs and cells of immune system. Innate and acquired immunity. Cell mediated and humoral immunity (T- and B- cells). Classification of immunoglobulins, structure of IgG. Epitopes / antigenic determinants. Concept of haptens. Adjuvants. Theories of antibody formationclonal selection theory. Monoclonal antibodies. Antigen-antibody reactions- agglutination, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion. Blood group antigens. Immunodiagnostics-RIA, ELISA. Vaccines and their classification. Traditional vaccines-live and attenuated, toxoids. Modern vaccines- recombinant and peptide vaccines. Outlines of hypersensitivity reactions. Fundamentals of graft rejection and MHC proteins.

25

3rd Year – Practical -III: Nutritional and Clinical Biochemistry

List of Experiments:

1. Estimation of calcium by titrimetry 2. Estimation of iron in apple juice by phenanthroline method. 3. Estimation of sodium by flame photometry. 4. Estimation of vitamin C by 2, 6 -dichlorophenol indophenol method. 5. Isolation of total lipids by gravimetric method. 6. Determination of iodine value of an oil. 7. Determination of acid value of an oil. 8. Estimation of hemoglobin in blood. 9. Total count - RBC and WBC. Differential count. 10. Determination of blood group and Rh typing. 11. Visualization of antigen antibody reactions (Ouchterlony technique). 12. Urine analysis for albumin, sugars and ketone bodies. 13. Estimation of urinary creatinine. 14. Estimation of blood urea. 15. Estimation of serum total cholesterol. 16. . Determination of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. 17. Determination of SGOT and SGPT activity

26

3rd Year Theory – Paper-IV: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Unit- I : Microbiology

24 hours

Introduction to brief history of microbiology. Classification of microorganisms- prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Isolation and cultivation of bacteria. Selective media and enriched media. Bacterial growth curve and kinetics of growth. Batch, continuous and synchronous cultures. Gram’s staining- Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, motility and sporulation. Industrial uses of Aspergillus niger, yeast and Spirulina. Structure and composition of viruses. One-step growth and determination of plaque forming units (PFU). Isolation and cultivation of bacterial plaques. Lytic and lysogenic life cycle of λ phage. TMV, Retro viruses- HIV. Prions and Mycoplasma.

Unit- II : DNA Replication and Transcription

21 hours

Organization of genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Experimental evidences to prove nucleic acids as genetic material. Nature and structure of the gene. DNA replication- models of replication, MeselsonStahl’s experimental proof for semi-conservative model. DNA polymerases I, II and III of E.coli, helicase, topoisomerases, primase, ligase. Bidirectional replication model. Okazaki fragments, leading and lagging strands of DNA synthesis. Inhibitors of DNA replication. Transcription - RNA synthesis, RNA polymerases of prokaryotes. Promoters, Initiation- sigma factors and their recognition sites. Elongation- role of core enzyme. Termination- rho dependent and rho independent. RNA polymerase I, II and III of eukaryotes. Transcriptional events in eukaryotic m-RNA synthesis, post-transcriptional modifications of eukaryotic m-RNA. Inhibitors of RNA synthesis.

Unit- III : Protein Synthesis and Regulation of Gene Expression

21 hours

Introduction to protein synthesis- Genetic code, structure of t-RNA, deciphering of genetic code, Nirenberg’s and Khorana’s experiments, wobble hypothesis, degeneracy of genetic code. Protein synthesis- activation of amino acids (aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases). Ribosome structure. Initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis. Post- translational modifications- signal hypothesis. Inhibitors of protein synthesis. Regulation of prokaryotic gene expression- induction and repression. Lac operon, catabolite repression. Tryptophan operon and attenuation. Unit- IV : Recombinant DNA technology

24 hours

Outlines of cloning strategies. DNA sequencing- Maxam Gilbert and Sanger’s methods. Tools of r-DNA technology: Enzymes- Restriction endonucleases, ligase, phosphatases, reverse transcriptase, polynucleotide kinases, terminal transferase nucleases-S1 and RNAase H. Restriction mapping. Cloning vectors- Plasmids, Ti plasmids, Cosmids, λ phages, shuttle vectors, expression vectors. HostE.coli, Sacchromyces cereviciae, Agrobacterium tumifaciens. Construction of c-DNA and genomic libraries. Isolation and sequencing of cloned genes- colony hybridization, nucleic acid hybridization, hybrid released translation (HRT) and hybrid arrested and

27

released translation (HART) using reporter genes [β- galactosidases, green fluorescent proteins (GFP)]. Polymerase chain reaction- principle and applications. Outlines of blotting techniques-Southern, Northern and Western. Applications of gene cloning- production of insulin and human growth hormone, production of Bt cotton and edible vaccines. Introduction to Bioinformatics- definitions of proteomics and Swissprot, PDB. Sequence alignments- BLAST and FASTA.

28

genomics. Gene bank, NCBI, DDBJ,

3rd Year Practical – Paper-IV: Microbiology and Molecular Biology

List of Experiments:

1. Preparation of culture media and sterilization methods. 2. Isolation of pure cultures: (i) Streak plate method. (ii) Serial dilution method. 3. Gram staining. 4. Motility of bacteria by hanging drop method. 5. Bacterial growth curve. 6. Antibiotic sensitivity by paper disc method. 7. Isolation of DNA from onion/liver/coconut endosperm. 8. Isolation of plasmids. 9. Determination of purity of nucleic acids by UV-spectrophotometric method. 10. Estimation of DNA by diphenylamine method. 11. Estimation of RNA by orcinol method. 12. Electrophoresis of nucleic acids and visualization by methylene blue staining. 13. Restriction mapping: λ- DNA with any two restriction enzymes. 14. Sequence alignments of insulin/BSA with other proteins using BLAST and FASTA.

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B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, MARCH/APRIL 2011 MODEL QUESTION PAPER (THEORY) BIOCHEMISTRY(THIRD YEAR) PAPER-III: Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Time: 3hrs

Max. Marks: 100 Part-A (Two questions are to be set from each unit) Answer all the questions Each question carries 5 marks 8X5 = 40

Write short notes on 1. Neurotransmitters. 2. Parathyroid hormone. 3. Kwashiorkar and Marasmus. 4. Vitamin-E 5. Thalassemias. 6. Glucose tolerance test. 7. Monoclonal antibodies. 8. ELISA. Part-B (Two questions are to be set from each unit) Answer any four questions Each question carries 15 marks 4X15 = 60 9. a.)Describe the structure of myfibril and discuss the mechanism of muscle contraction? or b.)Explain the mechanism of hormonal action and add a note on anterior pituitary Hormones? 10. a.)Define BMR? Discuss the factors affecting the BMR? or b.) Describe the structure, biochemical role and deficiency disorders of vitamin-A? 11. a.)Discuss the biochemical parameters for the differential diaganosis of jaundice? or b.) i) Discuss different renal function tests to evaluate function of kidneys? 8M ii) Discuss the serum enzyme marker to evaluate heart diseases? 7M 12. a.)Explain the structure of IgG and add a note on clonal selection theory? or b) Write a short notes on i.)Immunoprecipitation.-5M ii)Graft rejection.-5M iii)Recombinant vaccines.-5M

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B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, MARCH/APRIL 2011 MODEL QUESTION PAPER (THEORY) BIOCHEMISTRY(THIRD YEAR) PAPER-IV: Microbiology and Molecular Biology. Time: 3hrs

Max. Marks: 100 Part-A (Two questions are to be set from each unit) Answer all the questions Each question carries 5 marks 8X5 = 40

Write short notes on 1. Gram’s staining 2. Prions. 3. Okazaki fragments. 4. RNA-Splicing. 5. Wobble Hypothesis. 6. Attenuation. 7. Restiction Endonucleases. 8. Southern Blotting. Part-B (Two questions are to be set from each unit) Answer any four questions Each question carries 15 marks 4X15 = 60 9.a.) i.)Discuss different growth media for Bacterial culture?-8M ii.) Explain the Bacterial growth curve and kinetics? – 7M or b.) i.)Discuss the Lysogenic life cycle in λ phage – 8M ii.)Write a brief note on retrovirus-HIV – 7M 10.a.) Describe the two classical experiments which demonstrate the semiconservative mode of DNA replication? or b) Discuss the transcriptional events in prokaryotes m-RNA synthesis? 11. a.)i.)Explain the Khorana’s experiment in deciphering the genetic code?-8M ii.) Discuss the post translation modifications? – 7M or b.)Explain regulation of prokaryotes gene expression with Lac operon as example? 12.a.) Discuss how the DNA sequencing can be done by using the enzymatic method? or b.) Write a brief note on i.) c-DNA libraries. – 5M ii.)BLAST and FASTA. – 5M iii.) HRT and HART. – 5M

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THIRD YEAR BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS Paper III – Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Immunology

Unit I

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Unit-II

2.1.

2.2

2.3

Gene and Genome organization

24 Hours

Organization of nuclear genome – Genes and gene numbers – essential and non essential genes Denaturation and renaturation of DNA - Tm values and Cot curves Kinetic classes of DNA - Single copy sequences, and repeated sequences. Inverted, tandem and palindromic repeats Satellite DNA Mitochondrial genome organization (eg: Human) Chloroplast genome organization in plants Organization of eukaryotic genes - Exons, introns, promoters and terminators Gene families and clusters – eg. Globin gene, histones and ribosomal genes. Gene expression and Gene Regulation

22 Hours

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription Post-transcriptional modifications (Capping, polyadenylation, splicing and alternate splicing) Translation Genetic code and its features, Wobble Hypothesis Synthesis of polypeptides - initiation, elongation and termination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Operon concept in bacteria – Lac operon

Unit III

3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. Unit IV

2.1 2.2 32

Recombinant DNA Technology

22 Hours

Enzymes used in gene cloning : Restriction endonucleases, Ligases, Phosphatases, Methylases, Kinases Cloning vehicles – Plasmids, Cosmids, Phage vectors, Shuttle vectors, Baculovirus vector system, Expression vectors - expression cassettes Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries Identification of cloned genes Principles involved in Blotting Techniques – Souther, Northern and Western Principles and Applications of PCR Technology DNA Finger printing technique and its applications Basics of Immunology

22 Hours

Introduction to immune system – Organs and cells of the immune system Antigens, Haptens – physico-chemical characteristics

2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Structure of different immunoglobulins and their functions – Primary and secondary antibody responses Antigen - Antibody Reaction The Major Histocompatibility gene complex and its role in organ transplantation, Generation of antibody diversity Hypersensitivity – Coombs classification, Types of hypersensitivity Autoimmune diseases – mechanisms of auto immunity

Practicals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Isolation of DNA from plant/animal/bacterial cells Analysis of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis Restriction digestion of DNA Immuno-diffusion test ELISA Test Microagglutination using microtiter plates (eg. ABO and Rh Blood grouping) Viability tests of cells/bacteria (Evans blue test or Trypan blue test) Coomb’s test Preparation of competent cells of Bacteria Bacterial transformation and selection of transformants under pressure (antibiotic).

Recommended Books 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 33

Concepts in Biotechnology - By D. Balasubramanian, C.F.A. Bryce, K. Dharmalingam, J. Green and Kunthala Jayaraman Essential Immunology - By I. Roitt, Publ: Blackwell Molecular Biology of the Gene - By Watson, Hopkins, Goberts, Steitz and Weiner (Pearson Education) Cell and Molecular Biology - By Robertis & Robertis, Publ: Waverly Text Book of Biotechnology - By H.K. Das (Wiley Publications) Gene Structure & Expression - By J.D. Howkins, Publ: Cambridge Genetic Engineering - By R. Williamson, Publ: Academic Press Test Book of Molecular Biology - By K.S. Sastry, G. Padmanabhan & C. Subramanyan, Publ: Macmillan India Microbial Genetics - By S.R. Maloy, J.E. Cronan & D. Freifelder, Publ: Jones & Barlett Principles of Gene Manipulation - By R.W. Old & S.B. Primrose, Publ: Blackwell Genes - By B. Lewin - Oxford Univ. Press Molecular Biology & Biotechnol. - By H.D. Kumar, Publ: Vikas Immunology - By G. Reever & I. Todd, Publ: Blackwell From Genes to Clones - By E.L. Winnacker, Publ: Panima, New Delhi Methods for General & Molecular Bacteriology - By P. Gerhardf et al., Publ: ASM Molecular Biotechnology - By G.R. Click and J.J. Pasternak, Publ: Panima Recombinant DNA - By J.D. Watson et al., Publ: Scikentific American Books Immuno diagnostics - By S.C. Rastogi, Publ: New Age Molecular Biology - By D. Freifelder, Publ: Narosa Genes and Genomes – By Maxine Singer and Paul Berg Cell and Molecular Biology - By S.C. Rastogi Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology - By V. Kumar Gera Essentials of Biotechnology – By P.K. Gupta

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 30. 31. 32. 34.

Introduction to Applied Biology and Biotechnology – By K. Vaidyanath, K. Pratap Reddy and K. Satya Prasad Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology – By M. Gopal Reddy, M.N. Reddy, D.V.R. Sai Gopal and K.V. Mallaiah Immunology - By Kubey Gene Biotechnology - By Jogdand Genome - T.A. Brown Gene Cloning - T.A. Brown Biotechnology, IPRs and Biodiversity - By M.B. Rao and Manjula Guru (Pearson Education) Introduction to Biotechnology - By W.J. Thieman and M.A. Palladino (Pearson Education) Genetic Engineering - By Boylan (Pearson Education) Basic Concepts of Biotechnology - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum (Ukaaz Publications) Advances in Biotechnology - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum (Ukaaz Publications) Genetic Engineering - By Sandhya Mitra.



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Paper IV – Applications of Biotechnology

Unit I

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

Animal Biotechnology

Introduction to animal biotechnology Principles of animal cell culture – culture environment and vessels Cell culture media preparation, sterilization, types of cultures Establishment and preservation of cell lines Explants and cell disaggregation Culture of cells and tissues (including Stem cells and their application) In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology Methods of gene transfer – Microinjection and viral mediated gene transfer techniques Production of transgenic animals and molecular pharming Principles of Ex vivo and In vivo gene therapy

Unit II 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.

2.5. 2.6. 2.7. 2.8. 2.9.

Plant Biotechnology

3.9 3.10

35

20 Hours

Composition of media (Murashige and Skoog’s and Gamborg’s only) Preparation of media and methods of sterilizations Role of plant growth regulators in differentiation Induction of callus Meristem culture and production of virus free plants Clonal propagation of plants on a commercial scale (Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis) Mass cultivation of cell cultures and process engineering – batch and continuous cultures, Bioreactors Production of commercially useful compounds by plant cell culture Methods of gene transfer techniques (Agrobacterium, Microprojectile bombardment) Applications of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture Production of therapeutic proteins from transgenic plants

Unit III 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

24 Hours

Industrial Biotechnology

23 Hours

Introduction to industrial biotechnology. Primary and secondary metabolic products of microorganisms Screening and isolation and preservation of industrial microorganisms Principles of Fermentation technology Commercial production of fuels and chemicals by microbial fermentations Fermentative production of microbial enzymes (amylases, proteases), and antibiotics Fermentative production of foods and dairy products Animal cells as bioreactors; characteristics of bioreactors, expression and over production of targeted proteins – human growth hormones – production of  and  interferons, monoclonal antibodies Good manufacturing practices, Biosafety issues, Bioethics Intellectual Property Rights and Patenting issues

Unit IV 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

Environmental Biotechnology

23 Hours

Introduction to environmental biotechnology Renewable and non-renewable energy resources Conventional energy sources and their impact on environment Non-conventional fuels and their impact on environment (biogas, bioethanol, microbial hydrogen production) Microbiological quality of milk, food and water Microbiological treatment of municipal and industrial effluents Microbial degradation of pesticides and toxic chemicals Biopesticides and Biofertilizers (Nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms) Microbial ore leaching Introduction to Bioremediation

Practicals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Preparation of media, and initiation of callus from any one selected plant species Micropropagation of plants (any one) Preparation of synthetic seeds Production of wine using common yeast Production of hydrogen or biogas using cow/cattle dung Isolation of microbes from soil or industrial effluents Preparation of media and culture of animal cells/tissues Cell disaggregation and cell counting Cytotoxicity of the cells using the dye MTT method Estimation of BOD in water samples Production of alcohol by fermentation and Estimation of alcohol by colorimetry Production of biofertilizers (Azolla) Growth curves of bacteria, Measurement of growth in liquid cultures Quality testing of milk by MBRT

Recommended Books

1. Strategies in Transgenic Animal Sciences - By Glemn M.M. and James M. Robl ASM Press 2000. 2. Practical Biotechnology – Methods and Protocols - By S. Janarthanan and S. Vincent (Universities Press) 3. Animal Cells as Bioreactors - By Terence Gartoright, Cambridge Univ Press 4. Molecular Biotechnology - By Chinnarayappa (Universities Press) 5. Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue Culture - By Sudha Gangal (Universities Press) 6. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics - By F.W. Nicholas, Oxford University Press. 7. Text Book of Biotechnology - By H.K. Das (Wiley Publications) 8. Biotechnology -By H.J. Rehm and G. Reed Vol-1-86 VIH Publications, Germany 36

9. Guide for the care and use of lab animals National Academy Press. 10. Biogas Technology - By b.T. Nijaguna 11. Biotechnology – I - By R.S. Setty and G.R. Veena 12. Biotechnology – II - By R.S. Setty and V. Sreekrishna 13. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture - By M.K. Razdan (Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi) 14. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology - By H.S. Chawla (Oxford and IBH Publishing Comp., New Delhi) 15. Biotechnology - By K. Trehan 16. Industrial Microbiology - By L.E. Casida 17. Food Microbiology - By M.R. Adams and M.O. Moss 18. Introduction to Biotechnology - By P.K. Gupta 19. Frontiers of Plant Tissue Culture - By T.A. Thorpe 20. Plant Tissue Culture – Theory and Practice - By S.S. Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan 21. Biotechnology – By U. Satyanarayana 22. Plant Biotechnology New Products and Applications - By J. Hammond, P. McGarvey, and V. Yusibov 23. Plant Tissue Culture – Basic and Applied - By Timir Baran Jha and B. Ghosh 24. Essentials of Biotechnology for Students - By Satya N. Das 21. Plant Tissue Culture - By Kalyan Kumar De 22. Bioethics – Readings and Cases - By B.A. Brody and H. T. Engelhardt. Jr. (Pearson Education) 23. Biotechnology, IPRs and Biodiversity - By M.B. Rao and Manjula Guru (Pearson Education) 24. Bioprocess Engineering - By Shuler (Pearson Education) 25. Essentials of Biotechnology - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum (Ukaaz Publications) 26. Gene, Genomics and Genetic Engineering - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum (Ukaaz Publications).



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THIRD YEAR CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS B.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011 For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY Paper – III ( Inorganic, Organic & Physical Chemistry) 90 hrs (3h / w) Unit – I (Inorganic Chemistry-III) 30 hrs (1 h/w) 1. Coordination Chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature, bonding theories – review of Werner’s theory and Sidgwick’s concept of coordination, Valence bond theory, geometries of coordination numbers 4-tetrahedral and square planar and 6-octahedral and its limitations, crystal filed theory, splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral and square-planar complexes – low spin and high spin complexes – factors affecting crystal field splitting energy, merits and demerits of crystalfield theory. Isomerism in coordination compounds – structural isomerism and stereo isomerism, stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers. 12 h 2. Spectral and magnetic properties of metal complexes: Electronic absorption spectrum of 3+ [Ti(H2O)6] ion. Types of magnetic behavior, spin-only formula, calculation of magnetic moments, experimental determination of magnetic susceptibility–Gouy method. 6h 3. Stability of metal complexes: Thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability, factors affecting the stability of metal complexes, chelate effect, determination of composition of complex by Job’s method and mole ratio method. 6h 4. Hard and soft acids bases (HSAB): Classification, Pearson’s concept of hardness and softness, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction. 6h

UNIT – II (Organic Chemistry – III)

30 hrs (1h/w)

1. Nitrogen compounds 7h Nitro hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and classification – nitro hydrocarbons – structure. Tautomerism of nitroalkanes leading to aci and keto form. Preparation of Nitroalkanes. Reactivity – halogenation, reaction with HONO (Nitrous acid), Nef reaction and Mannich reaction leading to Michael addition and reduction. Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): Nomenclature, Classification into 1 0, 20, 30 Amines and Quarternary ammonium compounds. Preparative methods -1. Hoffman’s bromamide reaction (mechanism). 2. Reduction of Amides and Schmidt reaction. Physical properties and basic character – Comparative basic strength of Ammonia, methyl amine, dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine and aniline – comparative basic strength of aniline, N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethyl aniline (in aqueous and non-aqueous medium), steric effects and substituent effects. Use of amine salts as phase transfer catalysts. Chemical properties: a) Alkylation b) Acylation c) Carbylamine reaction d) Hinsberg 0 0 0 separation e) Reaction with Nitrous acid of 1 , 2 , 3 (Aliphatic and aromatic amines). Electrophilic substitutions of Aromatic amines – Bromination and Nitration. oxidation of aryl and 30 Amines. Diazotization

40

2. Heterocyclic Compounds 7h Introduction and definition: Simple 5 membered ring compounds with one hetero atom Ex. Furan. Thiophene and pyrrole. Importance of ring system – presence in important natural products like hemoglobin and chlorophyll. Numbering the ring systems as per Greek letter and Numbers. Aromatic character – 6- electron system (four-electrons from two double bonds and a pair of non-bonded electrons from the hetero atom). Tendency to undergo substitution reactions. Resonance structures: Indicating electron surplus carbons and electron deficient hetero atom. Explanation of feebly acidic character of pyrrole, electrophillic substitution at 2 or 5 position, Halogenation, Nitration and Sulphonation under mild conditions. Reactivity of furan as 1,3-diene, Diels Alder reactions (one example). Sulphonation of thiophene purification of Benzene obtained from coal tar). Preparation of furan, Pyrrole and thiophene from 1,4,- dicarbonyl compounds only, Paul-Knorr synthesis, structure of pyridine, Basicity – Aromaticity – Comparison with pyrrole – one method of preparation and properties – Reactivity towards Nucleophilic substitution reaction – chichibabin reaction. 3. Carbohydrates 8h Monosaccharides: All discussion to be confined to (+) glucose as an example of aldo hexoses and (-) fructose as example of ketohexoses. Chemical properties and structural elucidation: Evidences for straight chain pentahydroxy aldehyde structure (Acetylation, reduction to n-hexane, cyanohydrin formation, reduction of Tollen’s and Fehling’s reagents and oxidation to gluconic and saccharic acid). Number of optically active isomers possible for the structure, configuration of glucose based on D-glyceraldehyde as primary standard (no proof for configuration is required). Evidence for cyclic structure of glucose (some negative aldehydes tests and mutarotation). Cyclic structure of glucose. Decomposition of cyclic structure (Pyranose structure, anomeric Carbon and anomers). Proof for the ring size (methylation, hydrolysis and oxidation reactions). Different ways of writing pyranose structure (Haworth formula and chair conformationa formula). Structure of fructose: Evidence of 2 – ketohexose structure (formation of penta acetate, formation of cyanohydrin its hydrolysis and reduction by HI to give 2-Carboxynhexane). Same osazone formation from glucose and fructose, Hydrogen bonding in osazones, cyclic structure for fructose (Furanose structure and Haworth formula). Interconversion of Monosaccharides: Aldopentose to aldo hexose – eg: Arabinose to DGlucose, D-Mannose (Kiliani - Fischer method). Epimers, Epimerisation – Lobry de bruyn van Ekenstein rearrangement. Aldohexose to Aldopentose eg: D-glucose to Darabinose by Ruff’f degradation. Aldohexose (+) (glucose) to ketohexose (-) (Fructose) and Ketohexose (fructose) to aldohexose (Glucose) 4. Amino acids and proteins 8h Introduction: Definition of Amino acids, classification of Amino acids into alpha, beta, and gama amino acids. Natural and essential amino acids – definition and examples, classification of alpha amino acids into acidic, basic and neutral amino acids with examples. Methods of synthesis: General methods of synthesis of alpha amino acids (specific examples – Glycine, Alanine, valine and leucene) by following methods: a) from halogenated carboxylic acid b) Malonic ester synthesis c) strecker’s synthesis. Physical properties: Optical activity of naturally occurring amino acids: L-configuration, irrespective of sign rotation, Zwitter ion structure – salt like character - solubility, melting points, amphoteric character , definition of isoelectric point. Chemical properties: General reactions due to amino and carboxyl groups – lactams from gamma and delta amino acids by heating peptide bond (amide linkage). Structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins.

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Unit-III (physical chemistry-III) 30hrs (1 h / w) 1. Chemical kinetics 8h Rate of reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction-concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst. Experimental methods to determine the rate of reaction. Definition of order and molecularity. Derivation of rate constants for first, second, third and zero order reactions and examples. Derivation for time half change. Methods to determine the order of reactions. Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy. Theories of reaction rates- collision theory-derivation of rate constant for bimolecular reaction. The transition state theory (elementary treatment). 2. Photochemistry 6h Difference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry- GrothusDraper’s law and Stark-Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence. Quantum yield. Ferrioxalate actinometry. Photochemical hydrogen- chlorine, hydrogen-bromine reaction. Jablonski diagram depicting various processes occurring in the excited state, qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal conversion, intersystem crossing). Photosensitized reactions- energy transfer processes (simple example)

3. Thermodynamics 16 h The first law of thermodynamics-statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacities and their relationship. Joule’s law-Joule-Thomson coefficient. Calculation of w, q, dU and dH for the expansion of perfect gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible processes. State function. Temperature dependence of enthalpy of formation-Kirchoff’s equation. Second law of thermodynamics. Different Statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency. Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature. Concept of entropy, entropy as a state function, entropy changes in cyclic, reversible, and irreversible processes and reversible phase change. Entropy of mixing inert perfect gases. Entropy changes in spontaneous and equilibrium processes. The Gibbs (G) and Hlmholtz (A) energies. A & G as criteria for thermodynamic equilibrium and spontaneity-advantage over entropy change. Gibbs equations and the Maxwell relations. Variation of G with P, V and T.

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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY B.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011 For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY Paper – IV (Chemistry and Industry) 90 hrs (3 h / w) Unit – I (Physico Chemical methods of analysis)

30 hrs (1 h / w)

1. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 8h 1. Chromatography: Classification of chromatography methods, principles of differential migration adsorption phenomenon, Nature of adsorbents, solvent systems, Rf values, factors effecting Rf values. a. Paper Chromatography: Principles, Rf values, experimental procedures, choice of paper and solvent systems, developments of chromatogram – ascending, descending and radial. Two dimensional chromatography, applications. b. Thin layer Chromatography (TLC): Advantages. Principles, factors effecting Rf values. Experimental procedures. Adsorbents and solvents. Preparation of plates. Development of the chromatogram. Detection of the spots. Applications. c. Column Chromatography: Principles, experimental procedures, Stationary and mobile Phases, Separation technique. Applications d. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Principles and Applications. e. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC): Principles and Applications 2. Spectrophotometry 4h General features of absorption – spectroscopy, Beer-Lambert’s law and its limitations, transmittance, Absorbance, and molar absorptivity. Single and double beam spectrophotometers. Application of Beer-Lambert law for quantitative analysis of 1. Chromium in K2Cr2O7 2. Manganese in manganous sulphate 3. Iron (III) with thiocyanate. 3. MOLECULAR SECTORSCOPY 18 h (i) Electronic spectroscopy: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and types of molecular spectra. Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Energy levels of molecules (ó,ð, n) . Selection rules for electronic spectra. Types of electronic transitions in molecules effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore. (ii) Infra red spectroscopy: Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator, molecular vibration spectrum, selection rules. Determination of force constant. Qualitative relation of force constant to bond energies. Anharmonic motion of real molecules and energy levels. Modes of vibrations in polyatomic molecules. Characteristic absorption bands of various functional groups. Finger print nature of infrared spectrum. (iii) Raman spectroscopy: Concept of polarizavility, selection rules, pure rotational and pure vibrational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules. (iv) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) : Principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, equivalent and non-equivalent protons, position of signals. Chemical shift, NMR splitting of signals – spin-spin coupling, coupling constants. Applications of NMR with suitable examples – ethyl bromide, ethanol, acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromo ethane, ethyl acetate, toluene and acetophenone. 43

Unit – II (Drugs and pesticides)

30 hrs (1 h / w)

1. DRUGS 15 h 1. Introduction: Drug, disease (definition), Historical evolution, Sources – Plant, Animal synthetic, Biotechnology and human gene therapy 2. Terminology: Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Pharmacophore, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics (ADME, Receptors – brief teartment) Metabolites and Anti metabolites. 3. Nomenclature: Chemical name, Generic name and trade names with examples 4. Classification: Classification based on structures and therapeutic activity with one example each. 5. Synthesis: Synthesis and therapeutic activity of the following drugs., L-Dopa, Chloroquin, Omeprazole, Albuterol and ciprofloxacin. 6. Drug Development: Pencillin, Separation and isolation, structures of different pencillins 7. HIV-AIDS: Immunity – prevention of AIDS. Drugs available – examples with structures: PIS: Indinavir (Crixivan), Nelfinavir (Viracept), NNRTIS: Efavirenz (Susrtiva), Nevirapine (Viramune) NRTIs: Abacavir (Ziagen), Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC) Zidovudine (Retravir, AZT, ZDV) 8. Preapration, properties, biological activiy and side efects: Eg Paracetamol, Sulpha methoxazole (Tablets) 2. FORMULATIONS 5h 1. Need of conversion of drugs into medicine. Additives and their role (brief account only) 2. Different types of formulations 3. PESTICIDES 10 h 1. Introduction to pesticides – types – Insecticides, Fungicides, Herbicides, Weedicides, Rodenticides plant growth regulators, Pheremones and Hormones. Brief discussion with examples, Structure and uses. 2. Synthesis and presnt status of the following. DDT, BHC, Malathion, Parathion, Endrin, Baygon, 2,4-D and Endo-sulphon

Unit-III: (Green chemistry, Macromolecules and materials Science ) / w)

30 hrs (1 h

1. GREEN CHEMISTRY 12 h Introduction: Definition of green Chemistry, need of green chemistry, basic principles of green chemistry Green synthesis: Evalution of the type of the reaction i) Rearrangements (100% atom economic), ii) Addition reaction (100% atom economic), Pericyclic reactions (no by-product). Selection of solvent: i) Aqueous phase reactions ii) Reactions in ionic liquids iii) Solid supported synthesis iv) Solvent free reactions (solid phase reactions) ii) Green catalysts: i) Phase transfer catalysts (PTC) ii) Biocatalysts Microwave and Ultrasound assisted green synthesis: 1. Aldol condensation 2. Cannizzaro reaction 3. Diels-Alder reactions 4. Strecker synthesis 44

5. Willaimson synthesis 6. Dieckmann condensation 3. MATERIALS SCIENCE Superconductivity, characteristics of superconductors, Meissner effect, types of superconductors and applications.

8h

Nanomaterials- synthetic techniques, bottom-up-sol-gel method, top-down- electro deposition method. Properties and applications of nano-materials. Composites-definition, general characteristics, particle reinforce and fiber reinforce composites and their applications.

2. MACROMOLECULES 10h Classification of polymers, chemistry of polymerization, chain polymerization, step polymerization, coordination polymerization – tacticity. Molecular weight of polymersnumber average and weight average molecular weight, degree of polymerization, determination of molecular weight of polymers by viscometry, Osmometry and light scattering methods. Kinetics of free radical polymerization, derivation of rate law. Preparation and industrial application of polyethylene, PVC, Teflon, polyacrylonitrile, terelene and Nylon66. Introduction to biodegradability.

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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY B.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011 For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later

III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY COURSE – III Practical Paper – III (Organic Chemistry) 90 hrs (3 h / w) 1. Synthesis of Organic Compounds i. Aromatic electrophilic substitution Nitration: Preparation of nitro benzene and p-nitro acetanilide, Halogenation: Preparation of p-bromo acetanilide – preparation of 2,4,6tribromo phenol. Acetylation of Salycilic acid ii. Diazotization and coupling: Preparation of pheyl azo â-napthol iii. Oxidation: Preparation of benzoic acid from benzoyl chloride iv. Reduction: Preparation of m-nitro aniline from m-dinitro benzene v. Esterfication: Preparation of methyl p-nitro benzoate from p-nitro benzoic acid. vi. Methylation: Preparation of â-napthyl methyl ether Condensation: 2. Organic Qualitative Analysis: i. Identification of an organic compound through the functional group analysis, determination of melting point and preparation of suitable derivatives. ( Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Succinic acid, Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid, Pthalic acid, Salicylic acid, Phenol, Alpha Naphthol, Beta Naphthol, Resorcinol, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetone, Ethyl Methyl ketone, Acetophenone, Benzo Phenone, Glucose, Fructose, Nitro Benzene, Aniline, alpha Naphthyl Amine, Beta Naphthyl amine, Urea, Acetamide, Benzamide)

3. Demonstration experiments: i) Preparation of TLC plates ii) Verification of the Purity of the samples(Compounds) by TLC a) Compound obtained by the acetylation of salicylic acid b) Compound obtained by the benzoylation of Aniline c) 2,4 -Dinitro Phenyl Hydrazone of Acetone

46

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY B.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011 For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later

III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY COURSE – IV Practical Paper IV (Physical Chemistry) 90hrs (3 h / w) 1. Chemical kinetics i. Determination of specific reaction rate of the hydrolysis of methyl acetate catalyzed by hydrogen ion at room temperature. ii. Determination of rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. iii. Determination of overall order of saponification of ethyl acetate 2. Distribution law i. Determination of distribution coefficient of iodine between water and carbon Tetrachloride. ii. Determination of molecular status and partition coefficient of benzoic acid in Toluene and water. 3. Electrochemistry i. Determination of concentration of HCl conductometrically using standard NaOH solution. ii. Determination of concentration of acetic acid conductometrically using standard NaOH solution. iii. Determination of dissociation constant (Ka) of acetic acid by conductivity measurements. iv. Determination of solubility and solubility product of BaSO4. v. Determination of redox potentials of Fe2+/Fe3+by potentiometric titration of ferrous ammonium sulphate vs. potassium dichromate. 4. pH metry i. Preparation phosphate buffer solutions ii. pH metric titration of weak acid, acetic acid with strong base NaOH and calculation of dissociation constant. 5. Colorimetry i. Verification of Beer-Lambert law for KMnO4 , K2Cr2O7 and determination of concentration of the given solution. ii. Verification of Beer-Lambert law for CuSO4 and determination of concentration of the given solution. iii. Composition of complex of Cu2+ - EDTA disodium salt 6. Project Work: Collection of spectral data of a minimum of six compounds belonging to different functional groups (other than those included in the syllabus) and submission of the report. IR Spectra of Ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetic and ethyl acetate PMR spectra of ethyl bromide, acetaldehyde, toluene, acetophenone Mass spectra of Ethyl benzene, acetophenone, n-Butyl amine, 1-propanol NOTE: Apart from the experiments (1 to 5) the project work (6) shall also be included in the University Examination.

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Recommended Text Books and Reference Books Inorganic Chemistry 1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D.Lee 2. Basic Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson 3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol-I by Satyaprakash, Tuli, Basu and Madan 4. Inorganic Chemistry by R R Heslop and P.L. Robinson 5. Modern Inorganic Chemistry by C F Bell and K A K Lott 6. University Chemistry by Bruce Mahan 7. Qualitative Inorganic analysis by A.I.Vogel 8. A textbook of qualitative inorganic analysis by A.I. Vogel 9. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E.Huheey 10. Inorganic Chemistry by Chopra and Kapoor 11. Coordination Chemistry by Basalo and Johnson 12. Organometallic Chemistry – An introduction by R.C.Mehrotra and A.Singh 13. Inorganic Chemistry by D.F.Shriver, P.W.Atkins and C.H.Langford 14. Inorganic Chemistry by Philips and Williams, Lab Manuals 15. Introduction to inorganic reactions mechanisms by A.C.Lockhart 16. Theoretical inorganic chemistry by McDay and J.Selbin 17. Chemical bonding and molecular geometry by R.J.Gillepsy and P.L.Popelier 18. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry By Gurudeep Raj 19. Analytical chemistry by Gary D Christian, Wiley India 20. Analytical Chemistry by G.L.David Krupadanam, et al, Univ. Press 21. Selected topics in inorganic chemistry by W.D.Malik, G..D.Tuli, R.D.Madan 22. Concepts and models of Inorganic Chemistry by Bodie Douglas, D.McDaniel and J.Alexander 23. Modern Inorganic Chemistry by William L. Jolly 24. Concise coordination chemistry by Gopalan and Ramalingam 25. Satyaprakash’s modern inorganic chemistry by R.D.Madan. Organic Chemistry 1. Organic Chemistry By R T Morrison and R.N.Boyd 2. Organic Chemistry by T.J.Solomons 3. Organic Chemistry by L.G.Wade Sr 4. Organic Chemistry by D.Cram, G.S.Hammond and Herdricks 5. Modern Organic Chemistry by J.D.Roberts and M.C.Caserio 6. Text book of Organic Chemistry by Ferguson 7. Problems and their solutions in organic Chemistry by I.L.Finar 8. Reaction mechanisms in Organic Chemistry by S.M.Mukherji and S.P.Singh 9. A guide book to mechanisms in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes 10. Organic spectroscopy by J.R.Dyer 11. Organic Spectroscopy by William Kemp 12. Fundamentals of organic synthesis amd retrosynthetic analysis by Ratna Kumar Kar 13. Comprehensive practical organic qualitative analysis by V.K.Ahluwalia & Sumta Dhingra 14. Comprehensive practical organic chemistry: Preparation and quantitative analysis by V.K.Ahluwalia and Reena Agarwal. 15. Organic Chemistry by Janice Gorzynski 16. Organic Chemistry by Stanley H Pine 17. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry by John Mc Murray, Eric Simanek 18. Organic Chemistry by Francis A Carey 19. Text book of Organic Chemistry by K.S.Mukherjee 20. Organic Chemistry by Bhupinder Meha & Manju Mehta 48

21. Organic Chemistry by L.G.Wade Jr, Maya Shankar Singh 22. Elementary organic spectroscopy by Y.R. Sharma 23. Chemistry & Industry by Gurdeep R. Chatwal 24. Applied Chemistry by Jayashree Ghosh 25. Drugs by David Krupadanam 26. Pharmacodynamics by R.C.Srivastava, Subit Ghosh 27. Analytical Chemistry by David Krupadanam 28. Green Chemistry – V.K.Ahluwalia 29. Organic Synthesis by V.K.Ahluwalia and R.Agarwal 30. New trends in Green Chemistry –by V.K.Ahluwalia & M.Kidwai 31. Industrial Chemistry by B.K.Sharma 32. Industrial Chemistry by Banerji 33. Industrial Chemistry byM.G.Arora 34. Industrial Chemistry by O.P.Veramani & A.K.Narula 35. Synthetic Drugs by O.D.Tyagi & M.Yadav 36. Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutoshkar 37. Medicinal Chemistry by P.Parimoo 38. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics by R.S Satoshkar & S.D.Bhandenkar 39. Medicinal Chemistry by Kadametal P-I & P.II 40. European Pharmacopoeia 41. Vogel’s Qualitative organic analysis. 42. Laboratory manual of Organic Chemistry by Raj K Bansal Physical chemistry books. 1. Physical chemistry A molecular approach by Donald A. Mcquarrie and John D. Simon. 2. Physical chemistry by G M Barrow 3. Principles of physical chemistry by Prutton and Marron 4. Physical chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula 5. Physical Chemistry by Ira N Levine 6. Elements of Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula 7. Text book of Physical Chemistry by P.L.Soni, O.P.Dharmarha and Q.N.Dash 8. Solid State Chemistry and its applications by Anthony R. West 9 Text book of physical chemistry by K L Kapoor 10. Thermodynamics for Chemists by S Glasston 11. Chemical Kinetics by K J Laidler 12. An Introduction to Electrochemistry by S Glasston 13. Physical chemistry through problems By S K Dogra 14. Thermodynamics by J Jayaram and J C Kuriakose 15. Introductory Quantum Chemistry by A K Chandra 16. Physical Chemistry by J W Moore 17. Kinetics and mechanism by J W Moore and R G Pearson 18. Fundamentals of photochemistry by K K Rohtagi Mukharjee 19. Chemical thermodynamics by R P Rastogi and S S Misra 20. Advanced physical chemistry by Gurudeep Raj 21. Physical chemistry by G W castellan 22. Physical chemistry by Silbey, Alberty and Bawendi. 23. Elements of physical chemistry by Glasstone and Lewis 24. Text book of physical chemistry by S Glasstone 25. Fundamentals of Molecular spectroscopy by C.N.Banwell and E.M.McCash 26. Nanochemistry by Geoffrey Ozin and Andre Arsenault 27. Catalysis: Concepts and green applications by Gadi Rotherberg 49

28. Green Chemistry: Theory and practice by P.T.Anastas and J.C.Warner 29. Polymer Science by Gowriker, Viswanathan and Jayadev Sridhar 30. Introduction polymer Chemistry By G.S.Misra 31. Polymer Chemistry by Bilmayer 32. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations by Rajaram and Kuriacose. 33. Senior practical physical chemistry by Khosla

******

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ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY MODEL PAPER (2010 – 2011) For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY PAPER – III (Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry) Time : 3 hours

Max. Marks: 100

PART - I ( 6 x 10 = 60) Answer any SIX questions, selecting TWO questions from each section. Section –A ( Inorganic Chemistry) 1. Mention the important points of Valance Bond Theory of complexes. Explain the geometry and magnetic properties of [Co(NH3)6]3+ complex ion on the basis of Valance Bond Theory. 2. Write a note on Crystal Field theory. Explain the splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral complexes. 3. Explain the difference between the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes. What are the factors the influence ht thermodynamic stability. 4. Write a detailed note on Pearson’s principle of Hard and Soft acids and bases. 5. Section – ( Organic Chemistry) 6. Write any two preparation methods of Nitroalkanes with equations. Explain the reactions of Nitroalkanes with (a) nitrous acid and (b) chlorine. 6. Write equations for the synthesis of pyrrole from (a) 1,4-dicarbonyl compound and (b) Paul-Knor synthesis.

Compare the basicity and aromaticity of pyrrole with

those of pyridine 7. What are the evidences for the ring structure of D(+) glucose? How do you determine the ring size of D(+) glucose? 8. How do you synthesize Glycine by Strecker’s technique? Explain the reactions of Glycine with Nitrous acid and with ethyl alcohol with equations.

9.

Section –C (Physical Chemistry) Derive an equation for rate constant of a first order reaction. Give an example.

10. Derive equation for rate constant on the basis of bimolecular collision theory of reaction rates. 11. Define Stark-Einstein’s law of photochemical reactions. Explain the low and high 51

quantum yield of photochemical reactions, with suitable examples. 12. Derive the expression for Carnot’s Cycle and explain Carnot’s theorem.

Part-II

( 8 x 5 = 40 Marks)

Answer any EIGHT of the following questions. Each question carries FIVE(5) Marks 13. Describe mole ratio method for the determination of composition of a complex. 14. Explain the geometrical and optical isomerism in [M(a-a)2b 2] type complexes, with a suitable example. 15. Explain Guoy’s method of determination of magnetic moment of a compound. 16. Explain the electronic absorption spectrum of [Ti(H2O)6]3+ ion 17. Explain the role of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in human beings. 18. Compare the basic strengths of Aniline, N-methyl aniline and N,N-dimethyl aniline. 19. How do you convert D-Arabinose to D-glucose through Kiliani-Fischer synthesis? 20. Write a note on Chichibabin reaction. 21. Both Glucose and Fructose form the same osazone. Justify. 22. Explain Lobry de bruyn van Ekenstein rearrangement, with a suitable example. 23. A first order is 50% complete in 25 minutes. How much time will be required for 90% completion of the reaction? 24. Calculate the work done during reversible isothermal compression of two moles of Helium gas at 273K, from a volume of 10 liters to 5 liters, assuming ideal behaviour. 25. Write a note on Jablonski Diagram. 26. Mention and explain Kirchoff’s equation. ***

52

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY MODEL PAPER (2010 – 2011) For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY PAPER – IV (Chemistry and Industry) Time : 3 hours

Max. Marks: 100

PART - I ( 6 x 10 = 60) Answer any SIX questions, selecting TWO questions from each section. Section –A ( Physico chemical methods of analysis)

1. What is the principle of Paper Chromatography? Explain the experimental procedure and give any two applications. 2.

Explain the technique of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Mention any two applications.

3. Define and explain Beer-Lambart’s Law. What are its limitations? Explain the colorimetric method for the estimation of chromium in K2Cr2O7. 4. Mention the principle of NMR spectroscopy. What is meant by equivalent and nonequivalent protons? Explain in brief the salient features in NMR spectra of Ethyl Bromide and Ethyl Alcohol Section –B ( Drugs and pesticdes) 5. Define the term drug. Mention the drugs derived from Plants, Animals and Synthetic Drugs. Give at least two examples with structures. for each category 6. Write the synthesis of Ciprofloxacin. Explain it therapeutic activity 7. Write a note on plant growth regulators, pheromones and harmones, with suitable examples. 8. Give the synthesis and present status of malathion.

Section –A (Green Chemistry , Material Science & Macromolecules.) 9. Explain the mechanism of chain polymerization with a suitable example. 10. Define the term ‘Composites’. Mention three types of composites and their applications. 11. What is green Chemistry? Explain 100% atom economic rearrangement and 100% atom economic addition reactions in Green Chemistry. 12. Write the microwave assisted and ultrasound green synthetic techniques of Strecker Synthesis and Williamson synthesis. 53

Part-II ( 8 x 5 = 40 Marks) Answer any EIGHT questions. Each question carries 5 Marks 13. What is the principle of Gas Liquid Chromatography? Explain with a suitable example. 14. What is a ‘chromophore’? Explain with suitable examples. 15. Explain various modes of vibrations in triatomic molecules, that occur due to the absorption of IR radiations. 16. Explain the concept of polarizability and the principle Raman Spectra. 17. Write a note on splitting of signals and spin-spin coupling in NMR spectra. 18. What is meant by disease? Mention the types of diseases and give examples. 19. Write a note on metabolites and anti-metabolites. 20. What is AIDS. Mention the steps to be taken to prevent AIDS. 21. Write the structure and therapeutic uses of Sulphamethoxazole. 22. What are polymers? How are they classified? 23. Describe the Osmometry Method for the determination of Molecular weight of macromolecules. 24. Write a note on the biodegradable polymers. 25. Write a shot note on nano materials. 26. What is Meissner’s Effect?

54

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later

III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY

LABORATORY COURSE -III

(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) SCHEME OF VALUATION (2010 – 2011) Record Marks ( For recording a minimum of 10 experiments) = 10 Marks ( Preparation of Compounds at least 2 & Analysis of Organic compounds at least 8) EXAMINATION: 1. Questions Based on Practicals

4 x 2.5

= 10 Marks

2. Preparation of Organic Compound 3. Analysis of Organic Compound Preliminary tests (Colour, Structure, Odour, Solubility) Test of Combustion MP/BP Lassigne’s Test Test with Litmus Paper Test with Conc. Sulphuric Acid Test for Acid/ Basic nature (test with NaOH, Na2CO3, HCl) Test with 2,4 – DNP Test with Neutral Ferric Chloride Test for amines Test for amines Confirmatory Test Special Test Preparation of Derivative Report

55

= 5 Marks = 25 Marks =2 =1 =1 =2 =1 =1 =1 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or later

III B.Sc. CHEMISTRY

LABORATORY COURSE -IV

(P HYSICAL CHEMISTRY) SCHEME OF VALUATION (2010 – 2011) Record Marks ( For recording a minimum of 10 experiments) (At least one experiment from each category)

= 10 Marks

EXAMINATION: 1. Questions Based on Practicals

4 x 2.5

= 10 Marks

2. Experiment a) Physical Chemistry Experiment Tabulation of the readings Using the correct formula for calculation Result ( < 10% error) 10 to 11% error 11 to 12% error 12 to 13% error 13 to 14% error 14 to 15% error > 15% b)

= 25 Marks = 5 Marks = 5 Marks = 15 Marks = 14 Marks = 13 Marks = 12 Marks = 11 Mark = 10 Marks = 5 marks

Identification of Spectra of any two compounds (Project work)

****

56

= 5 Marks

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-3 Database Management Systems

90 hrs (3 hrs/week)

DETAILED SYLLABUS Unit-1 :

Database Systems Introduction and Fundamentals.

18 hrs.

Database Systems: Introducing the database and DBMS, Why the database is important, Historical Roots: Files and File Systems, Problems with File System Data Management, Database Systems. Data Models: The importance Blocks, Business Rules, The Abstraction.

of Data models, Data Model Basic Building evaluation of Data Models, Degree of Data

The Relational Database Model: A logical view of Data, Keys, Integrity Rules, Relational Set Operators, The Data Dictionary and the system catalog, Relationships with in the Relational Database, Data Redundancy revisited, Indexes, Codd’s relational database rules. (Chapters:1: 1.2 to 1.6,2,3) Unit-2 : Data Modeling and Normalization

18 hrs.

Entity Relationship Model: The ER Model, Developing ER Diagram, Database Design Challenges: Conflicting Goals. Advanced Data Modeling: The Extended Entity Relationship Model, Entity clustering, Entity integrity: Selecting Primary keys, Design Cases: Learning Flexible Database Design. Normalization of database tables: Database Tables and Normalization, The need for Normalization, The Normalization Process, Improving the design, Surrogate Key Considerations, High level Normal Forms, Normalization and database design, denormalization. (Chapters: 4,6,5) Unit-3:Interaction with Databases and Construction of Information System 18hrs. Introduction to SQL: Data Definition Commands, Data Manipulation Commands, Select queries, Advanced Data Definition Commands, Advanced Select queries, Virtual Tables, Joining Database Tables. Advanced SQL: Relational Set Operators, SQL Join Operators, Subqueries and correlated queries, SQL Functions, Oracle Sequences, Updatable Views, and Procedural SQL. Database Design: The Information System, The Systems Development Life Cycle, The Database Life Cycle, Database Design Strategies, Centralized Vs Decentralized design. (Chapters: 7,8(8.1 to 8.7),9) B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper: 3 (Continued)

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Unit-4: Transaction Management in DBMS Environment.

18 hrs.

Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: What is transaction, Concurrency control, Concurrency control with locking Methods, Concurrency control with time stamping methods, concurrency control with optimistic methods, database recovery management. Distributed Database Management Systems: The evolution of Distributed Database Management Systems, DDBMS advantages and Disadvantages, Distribution Processing and Distribution Databases, Characteristics of Distributed database management systems, DDBMS Components, Levels of Data and Process distribution, Distributed database Transparency Features, Distributed Transparency, Transaction Transparency, Performance Transparency and Query Optimization, Distributed Database Design, Client Server VS DDBMS. (Chapters: 10, 12) Unit-5 : Data Warehouse Concepts and Database Administration

18 hrs.

The Data Warehouse: The need for data analysis, Decision support systems, The data warehouse, Online analytical processing, Star schemas, Data mining, SQL extension for OLAP. Database Administration: Data as a Corporate asset, The need for and role of databases in an organization, The evolution of the database administration function, The database environment’s Human Component, Database administration Tools, The DBA at work: Using Oracle for Database Administration. (Chapter: 13:13.1 to 3.5,13.7,13.8,15:15.1,15.2,15.4,15.5,15.6,15.8) Prescribed Text Book: 1. Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel, Database Systems Design, Implementation and Management, Seventh Edition, Thomson (2007) Reference Books: 1. Elimasri / Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fifth Edition, Pearson Addison Wesley (2007). 2. Raman A Mata – Toledo/Panline K Cushman, Database Management Systems, Schaum’s Outlibe series, Tata McGraw Hill (2007). 3. C.J.Date, A.Kannan, S.Swamynathan, An Introduction to Database Systems, Eight Edition, Pearson Education (2006). 4. Michel Kifer, Arthur Bernstein, Philip M. Lewis, Prabin K. Pani Graphi, Database Systems: An application oriented Approach, second edition, pearson education (2008). 5. Atul Kahate, Introduction to Database Management Systems, Pearson Education (2006).

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B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Practical Paper -3 DBMS Lab

Lab Cycle Order Tracking Database The Order Tracking Database consists of the following defined six relation schemas. EMPLOYEES(ENO,ENAME,ZIP,HDATE) PARTS(PNO,PNAME,QOH,PRICE,LEVEL) (HINT: QOH: QUALITY ON HAND) CUSTOMERS(CNO,CNAME,STREET,ZIP,PHONE) ORDERS(ONO,CNO,ENO,RECEIVED DATE,SHIPPED DATE) ODETAILS(ONO,PNO,QTY) ZIPCODES(ZIP,CITY) Solve the following queries 1. GET ALL PAIRS OF CUSTOMER NUMBERS FOR CUSTOMERS BASED ON SAME ZIP CODE.

2. GET PART NUMBERS FOR PARTS THAT HAVE BEEN ORDERED BY AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS. 3. FOR EACH ODETAIL ROW, GET ONO,PNO,PNAME,QTY AND PRICE VALUES ALONG WITH THE TOTAL PRICE FOR THE ITEM. (TOTAL PRICE=PRICE*QTY) 4. GET CUSTOMER NAME AND EMPLOYEE PAIRS SUCH THAT THE CUSTOMER WITH NAME HAS PLACED AN ORDER THROUGH THE EMPLOYEE. 5. GET CUSTOMER NAMES LIVING IN FORT DODGE OR LIBERAL. 6. GET CNAME VALUES OF CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE ORDERED A PRODUCT WITH PNO 10506. 7. GET PNAME VALUES OF PARTS WITH THE LOWEST PRICE. 8. GET CNAME VALUES OF CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE PLACED AT LEAST ONE ORDER THROUGH THE EMPLOYEE WITH NUMBER 1000. 9. GET THE CITIES IN WHICH CUSTOMERS OR EMPLOYEES ARE LOCATED. 10. GET THE TOTAL SALES IN DOLLARS ON ALL ORDERS. 11. GET PART NAME VALUES THAT COST MORE THAN THE AVERAGE COST OF ALL PARTS. 12. GET PART NAMES OF PARTS ORDERED BY AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS. 13. GET FOR EACH PART GET PNO,PNAME AND TOTAL SALES 14. FOR EACH PART, GET PNO,PNAME, TOTAL SALES, WHOSE TOTAL SALES EXCEEDS 1000 15. GET PNO, PART NAMES OF PARTS ORDERED BY AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS. 16. GET CNAME VALUES OF CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE ORDERED PARTS FROM ANY ONE EMPLOYEE BASED IN WICHITA OR LIBERAL.

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B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued)

SHIPMENT DATABASE AN ENTERPRISE WISHES TO MAINTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT HIS SUPPLIERS AND OTHER CORRESPONDING DETAILS. FOR THAT IT USES THE FOLLOWING TABLES TABLE S(SID,SNAME,ADDRESS) PRIMARY KEY

: SID

TABLE P(PID,PNAME,COLOR) PRIMARY KEY

: PID

TABLE CAT(SID,PID,COST) PRIMARY KEY

: SID+PID

REFERENCE KEY

: SID REFERENCES S.SID PID REFERENCES P.PID

Solve the following queries 1. FIND THE PNAMES OF PARTS FOR WHICH THERE IS SOME SUPPLIER 2. FIND THE SNAMES OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPLY EVERY PART. 3. FIND THE SNAMES OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPY EVERY RED PART. 4. FIND THE PNAMES OF PARTS SUPLLIED BY LONDON SUPPLIER AND BY NO ONE ELSE 5. FIND THE SIDS OF SUPPLIERS WHO CHARGE MORE FOR SOME PART OTHER THAN THE AVERAGE COST OF THAT PART 6. USING GROUP BY WITH HAVING CLAUSE GET THE PART NUMBERS FOR ALL THE PARTS SUPPLIED BY MORE THAN ONE SUPPLIER. 7. GET THE NAMES OF THE SUPPLIERS, WHO DO NOT SUPPLY PART P2. 8. FIND THE SIDS OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPLY A RED AND A GREEN PART 9. FIND THE SIDS OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPLY A RED OR A GREEN PART

10.FIND THE TOTAL AMOUNT HAS TO PAY FOR THAT SUPPLIER BY PART LOCATED FROM LONDON

60

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued) Employee Database An enterprise wishes to maintain a database to automate its operations. Enterprise divided into to certain departments and each department consists of employees. The following two tables describes the automation schemas DEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC) EMP (EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,MGR,HIREDATE,SAL,COMM,DEPTNO) 1. CREATE A VIEW, WHICH CONTAIN EMPLOYEE NAMES AND THEIR MANAGER NAMES WORKING IN SALES DEPARTMENT.

2. DETERMINE THE NAMES OF EMPLOYEE, WHO EARN MORE THAN THEIR MANAGERS. 3. DETERMINE THE NAMES OF EMPLOYEES, WHO TAKE HIGHEST SALARY IN THEIR DEPARTMENTS.

4. DETERMINE THE EMPLOYEES, WHO LOCATED AT THE SAME PLACE. 5. DETERMINE THE EMPLOYEES, WHOSE TOTAL SALARY IS LIKE THE MINIMUM SALARY OF ANY DEPARTMENT. 6. UPDATE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 25%, WHOSE EXPERIENCE IS GREATER THAN 10 YEARS. 7. DELETE THE EMPLOYEES, WHO COMPLETED 32 YEARS OF SERVICE. 8. DETERMINE THE MINIMUM SALARY OF AN EMPLOYEE AND HIS DETAILS, WHO JOIN ON THE SAME DATE. 9. DETERMINE THE COUNT OF EMPLOYEES, WHO ARE TAKING COMMISSION AND NOT TAKING COMMISSION.

10. DETERMINE THE DEPARTMENT DOES NOT CONTAIN ANY EMPLOYEES. 11. FIND OUT THE DETAILS OF TOP 5 EARNER OF COMPANY. 12. DISPLAY THOSE MANAGERS NAME WHOSE SALARY IS MORE THAN AVERAGE SALARY OF HIS EMPLOYEES. 13. DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO JOINED THE COMPANY BEFORE 15TH OF THE MONTH? 14. DISPLAY THE MANAGER WHO IS HAVING MAXIMUM NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING UNDER HIM? 15. PRINT A LIST OF EMPLOYEES DISPLAYING ‘LESS SALARY’ IF LESS THAN 1500 IF EXACTLY 1500 DISPLAY AS ‘EXACT SALARY’ AND IF GREATER THAN 1500 DISPLAY ‘MORE SALARY’? 16. DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE FIRST 2 CHARACTERS FROM HIRE DATE-LAST 2 CHARACTERS OF SALARY? 17. DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE 10% OF SALARY IS EQUAL TO THE YEAR OF JOINING? 18. IN WHICH YEAR DID MOST PEOPLE JOIN THE COMPANY? DISPLAY THE YEAR AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES. 19. DISPLAY THE HALF OF THE ENAMES IN UPPER CASE AND REMAINING LOWER CASE

20. DISPLAY ENAME, DNAME EVEN IF THERE NO EMPLOYEES WORKING IN A PARTICULAR DEPARTMENT(USE OUTER JOIN).

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B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued) University Database University wishes to computerise their operations by using the following relations. Student (snum:Integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string, age: integer) Class (name: String, Hour:Integer, room: string, fid: integer) Enrolled (sum: integer, cname: string) Faculty (fid: Integer, fname: String, deptid: Integer) Depart (deptid: Integer, dname: String, loc: integer) By using above schema definitions, resolve the following queries 1. FIND THE NAMES OF ALL JUNIORS (LEVEL=JR) WHO ARE ENROLLED IN A CLASS TAUGHT BY SMITH. 2. FIND THE AGE OF THE OLDEST STUDENT WHO IS EITHER A HISTORY MAJOR OR IS ENROLLED IN THE COURSE OF SMITH. 3. FIND THE NAMES OF ALL CLASSES THAT EITHER MEET R128 OR HAVE FIVE OR MORE STUDENTS ENROLLED. 4. FIND THE NAMES OF ALL STUDENTS WHO ARE ENROLLED IN TWO CLASSES THAT MEET AT THE SAME HOUR. 5. FIND THE NAMES OF FACULTY MEMBERS WHO TEACH IN EVERY ROOM IN, WHICH SOME CLASS IS TAUGHT. 6. FIND THE NAMES OF FACULTY MEMBERS FOR WHOM THE COMBINED ENROLLMENT OF THE COURSES THAT THEY TEACH IS LESS THAN FIVE. 7. PRINT THE LEVEL AND AVERAGE AGE OF STUDENTS FOR THAT LEVEL, FOR EACH LEVEL. 8. PRINT THE LEVEL AND AVERAGE AGE OF THE STUDENT FOR THAT LEVEL, FOR ALL LEVELS EXCEPT JR. 9. FIND THE NAMES OF STUDENTS WHO ARE ENROLLED IN THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CLASSES. 10. FIND THE NAMES OF THE STUDENTS WHO ARE NOT ENROLLED IN ANY CLASS. Airline Database An Airline System would like to keep track their information by using the following relations. Flights (flno: integer, from: string, to: string, distance: integer, Price: integer) Aircraft (aid: integer, aname: string, cruising_range: integer) Certified (eid: integer, aid: integer) Employees (eid: integer, ename: string, salary: real) Note that the employees relation describes pilots and other kinds of employees as well; every pilot is certified for aircraft and only pilots are certified to fly. Resolve the following queries: 1. 2. 3. 4.

62

FOR EACH PILOT WHO IS CERTIFIED FOR MORE THAN THREE AIRCRAFT, FIND THE EID’S AND THE MAXIMUM CRUISING RANGE OF THE AIRCRAFT THAT HE (OR SHE) CERTIFIED FOR. FIND THE NAMES OF PILOTS WHOSE SALARY IS LESS THAN THE PRICE OF THE CHEAPEST ROUTE FROM LOS ANGELES TO HONOLULU. FIND THE NAME OF THE PILOTS CERTIFIED FROM SOME BOEING AIRCRAFT. FOR ALL AIRCRAFT WITH CRUISING RANGE OVER 1,000 MILES, FIND THE NAME OF THE AIRCRAFT AND THE AVERAGE SALARY OF ALL PILOTS CERTIFIED FOR THIS AIRCRAFT.

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued) 5. 6.

FIND THE AID’S OF ALL AIRCRAFT THAT CAN BE USED FROM LOS ANGELS TO CHICAGO. PRINT THE ENAMES OF PILOTS WHO CAN OPERATE PLANES WITH CRUISING RANGE GREATER THAN 3,000 MILES, BUT ARE NOT CERTIFIED BY BOEING AIRCRAFT. 7. FIND THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TO EMPLOYEES AS SALARIES. 8. FIND THE EID’S OF EMPLOYEES WHO ARE CERTIFIED FOR EXACTLY THREE AIRCRAFTS. 9. FIND THE EID’S OF EMPLOYEE WHO MAKE SECOND HIGHEST SALARY. 10. FIND THE AID’S OF ALL THAN CAN BE USED ON NON-STOP FLIGHTS FROM BONN TO CHENNAI. PL/SQL PROGRAMS

1. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN NUMBER IS STRONG OR NOT. 2. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME OR NOT. 3. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO SWAP TWO NUMBERS WITHOUT USING THIRD VARIABLE.

4. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO GENERATE MULTIPLICATION TABLES FOR 2,4,6 5. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO DISPLAY SUM OF EVEN NUMBERS AND SUM OF ODD NUMBERS IN THE GIVEN RANGE. 6. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN NUMBER IS POLLINNDROME OR NOT. 7. THE HRD MANAGER HAS DECIDED TO RAISE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 15%. WRITE A PL/SQL BLOCK TO ACCEPT THE EMPLOYEE NUMBER AND UPDATE THE SALARY OF THAT EMPLOYEE. DISPLAY APPROPRIATE MESSAGE BASED ON THE EXISTENCE OF THE RECORD IN EMP TABLE. 8. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO DISPLAY TOP 10 ROWS IN EMP TABLE BASED ON THEIR JOB AND SALARY. 9. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO RAISE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 10%, FOR DEPARTMENT NUMBER 30 PEOPLE AND ALSO MAINTAIN THE RAISED DETAILS IN THE RAISE TABLE. 10. WRITE A PROCEDURE TO UPDATE THE SALARY OF EMPLOYEE, WHO ARE NOT GETTING COMMISSION BY 10% 11.WRITE A PL/SQL PROCEDURE TO PREPARE AN ELECTRICITY BILL BY USING FOLLOWING TABLE TABLE USED: NAME MNO CNAME CUR_READ PREV_READ NO_UNITS AMOUNT SER_TAX NET_AMT

ELECT NULL?

TYPE

NOT NULL NUMBER(3) VARCHAR2(20) NUMBER(5) NUMBER(5) NUMBER(5) NUMBER(8,2) NUMBER(8,2) NUMBER(9,2)

12. WRITE A PL/SQL PROCEDURE TO PREPARE AN TELEPHONE BILL BY USING FOLLOWING TABLE. AND PRINT THE MOTHLY BILLS FOR EACH CUSTOMER

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TABLE USED : PHONE. NAME NULL? TYPE ----------------------------- ----------TEL_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(6) CNAME VARCHAR2(20) CITY VARCHAR2(10) PR_READ NUMBER(5) CUR_READ NUMBER(5) NET_UNITS NUMBER(5) TOT_AMT NUMBER(8,2)

13. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO RAISE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 10%, WHO ARE COMPLETED THERE 25 YEARS OF SERVICE.

14. WRITE A PL/SQL PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE THE GRADE OF A STUDENT WITH FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:

i. FOR PASS: ALL MARKS > 40 ii. FOR I CLASS: TOTAL%>59 iii. FOR II CLASS: TOTAL% BETWEEN >40 AND DESC STD NAME ------------------------------NO NAME INTNO CLASS M1 M2 M3 M4 M5

NULL? TYPE -------- ---NOT NULL NUMBER VARCHAR2(10) NUMBER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10) NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER

TABLE ABSTRACT SQL> DESC ABSTRACT NAME NULL? TYPE ------------------------------- -------- ---STDNO NUMBER STDNAME VARCHAR2(10) CLASS VARCHAR2(10) INTNO NUMBER TOT NUMBER GRADE VARCHAR2(10) PERCENT NUMBER DAT_ENTER DATE 15. WRITE A PROCEDURE TO UPDATE THE SALARY OF EMPLOYEE, WHO BELONGS TO CERTAIN DEPARTMENT WITH A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF RAISE.

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Model Question Paper

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-3 Database Management Systems Time: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100 ______________________________________________________________

Section – A

(10 X 2 = 20M)

Answer the following questions. Each question carries 2 Marks. 1.a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

What What What What What What What What What What

is Meta Data? Why it is important? is Candidate Key? is the degree of a relationship? is denormalization? is subquery? Give an example. is trigger? are the properties of a Transaction? are the advantages of the Distributed Databases? is cube? is Information System?

Section – B (5 X 16 = 80M) Answer the following questions. Each question carries 18 Marks. 2.a) Discuss about three level architecture with representation of data in each level. b) Discuss about the reasons brings you to choose the database than the file system. (or) c) What is Data independence? Discuss about levels of Data Independence. d) What is meant by Table? Give the characteristics of a Table. 3.a) Discuss about the components of ER Model? b) What is meant by cordiality of a relation? How the cordiality helps in determination of the nature of an entity in a relation. (or) c) Discuss about BCNF. How does it differ from 3NF? Why it is considered a strong form of 3NF. d) What is Cursor? How can you access the cursor in PL/SQL program.

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4.a) Discuss about Arithmetic functions in SQL with example? b) What is a view in SQL? Discuss the limits of View operations. (or) c) What is Index? Describe the properties of an Indexes. d) Create an index for the employees belongs to the Accounts and Sales departments. e) Discuss about System Development Life Cycle.

5.a) What is Dirty-Read Problem? Explain with an Example. b) What is serializability? Discuss with aid of an example to test the conflicts in serializability? c) What is Transaction? Explain the Transaction State Diagram. (or) d) Discuss about Client Server Architecture. e) Discuss about Data Fragmentation? 6.a) What is Data warehouse? Discuss about the properties of Data Warehouse. b) Discuss about Star schema Architecture. (or) c) Discuss the abilities and responsibilities of DBA. d) What is Data Analysis? How was OLAP operations are helpful in analysis of Data.

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B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.1 (Elective – I) Web Technologies Detailed Syllabus UNIT-1:

HTML Basics

18hrs

Introduction: HTML, XML, and the World Wide Web. HTML: Basic HTML, The Document body, Text, Hyperlinks, formatting, Lists, Tables, Using colors and images, Images.

Adding

more

More HTML: Multimedia objects, Frames, Forms-towards interactivity, The HTML document Head in detail, XHTML- An evolutionary markup.

UNIT-2:

Introduction to the Style Sheets and Java Scripts.

18hrs

Cascading Style Sheets: Introduction, Using styles: Simple examples, Defining your own styles, Properties and values in styles, Style sheets- A worked example, Formatting blocks of information, Layers. An introduction to Java Script: What is dynamic html, Javascript—The basics, Variables, String manipulation, functions, Statements, Operators, Arrays, Functions.

Java Script, Mathematical

UNIT-3: Objects in Java Script and DHTML

18hrs

Objects in Java Script: Data and objects in java expressions, Exception Handling, Built in objects, Events.

script,

Regular

Dynamic HTML with Java Script: Data validation, Opening a new window, Messages and Confirmations, The status bar, Writing to a different frame, Rollover buttons, Moving images, Multiple pages in a single download, A text-only menu system, Floating logos.

Unit – 4

:

ASP and XML.

18hrs.

Active Server Pages and Java: Active Server Pages, Java. XML: Defining Data for Web applications: Basic XML, Document definition, XML schema, Document Object Model, Presenting XML Good Design: Structure, Tables Internationalization, Exercises.

Unit – 5

:

Frames,

Accessibility,

Web Based Softwares and Protocols.

Useful Software: Web browsers, Accessing your ISP, Exercises.

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versus

Perl,

Web

servers,

type

18hrs. mod_perl,

Databases,

Protocols: Protocols, IP and TCP, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, Common Gateway Interface, The Document Object Model, introducing the Document Object Model, Exercises. Case Study: The plan, The data

Prescribed Book: 1. Chris Bates, Web Programming Building Internet Applications, Second Edition, Wiley (2007)

Reference Books: 1. Paul S.Wang Sanda S. Katila, Programming, Thomson(2007).

An

2. Robert W.Sebesta, Programming Pearson Education (2007).

the

Introduction

World

Wide

to

Web,

Web

Design

Third

Plus

Edition,

3. Thomas A.Powell, The Complete Reference HTML & XHTML, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill (2006). 4. Abders Moller and Michael Schwartzbach, An Introduction to XML and Web Technologies, Addison Wesley (2006). 5. Joel Sklar, Principles of Web Design, Thomson (2007). 6. Raj Kamal, Internet and Web Technologies, Tata McGraw Hill (2007). 7. Deitel, et al.,Internet and World Wide Web: How to Program, Edition, PHI (2008).

3rd

8. Gopalan & Akilandeswari, Web Technology: A Developer’s Perspective, PHI (2008).

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 Web Technologies Lab

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Lab Cycle 1. Write a HTML program illustrating text formatting. 2. Illustrate font variations in your HTML code. 3. Prepare a sample code to illustrate links between different sections of the page. 4. Create a simple HTML program to illustrate three types of lists. 5. Embed a real player in your web page. 6. Embed a calendar object in your web page. 7. Create an applet that accepts two numbers and perform all the arithmetic operations on them. 8. Create nested table to store your curriculum. 9. Create a form that accepts the information from the subscriber of a mailing system. 10. Design the page as follows:

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 (Continued)

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11. Using “table” tag, align the images as follows:

12. Divide the web page as follows:

13. Design the page as follows:

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 (Continued) 14. Illustrate the horizontal rulers in your page.

70

15. Create a help file as follows:

16.

Write a Java Script to accept the first, middle and last names of the user and print the name.

17. Evaluate the following: a) “10”+”90” b) (1010:8 c) J=(i++)+(--i)+(++i)+(i++) where i=2 18. Write a Program in Java Script to add two numbers.

19. Write a script to find the factorial of a given number using functions. 20. Write a script to print all primes with in the given range. 21. Write a program to sort the array elements using “Bubble Sort” technique. 22. Write a program in Java Script to implement “Binary Search” technique. 23. Write a script to print all perfect numbers with in the given range. 24. Write a script to evaluate the following expression: 1+2/2! +3/3! +……+n/n! 25. Write a program to implement “Stack” operations. 26. Write a script to print Fibonacci series recursive functions. 27. Using a ternary operator, write a script to validate the withdrawal transaction of a customer. If he with draws more than his balance, such a transaction should be disallowed.

28. Write a script to wish the user “Good Morning” at different hoursof the day. B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 (Continued) 29.Prompt the user for the cost price and selling price of an article and output the profit or loss percentage. 30.Create a customer profile for data entry of customers in a hotel. The profile should prompt for the name, address, gender, age,

71

room type, mode of payment of the

customer.

31.Create a student registration system with the following fields: Name, Regdno, Gender, street, city, state, pincode, stdcode, phone, dbirth, college, experience, course code. Create a main object called “Stu_info” with all the fields and “College” and “Experience” as sub objects with in the main object. Create separate object definition for College and Experience with the following fields: College: Name, Location, Degree Experience: Employer, Location, Duties and Period

32.Write a script to read information of ‘n’ students from the user and store them into the table as follows:

33.Write the script for the various validations given below: a. Candidate code should be generated b. Date of Birth should not be null and age should be more than 21. c. All alphabet fields should be validated. d. All number fields should accept only numbers. e. Total

experience

should

be

calculated

and

displayed

after

accepting input for the “From” and “To” fields in the table.

34. Create a bio-data format with the following fields: Name,

candidate

code,

Date

of

birth,

Gender,

Address1,

Address2,

Phone, Passport number, Qualification and Percentage. Also,

create

the

following

fields

for

entering

present

employment

details: Company name Company Address1, Address2, Address3, Phone, Fax, E-mail, Total Experience and Project details. Create a table with the columns given below in a 3 row structure: Employer name, Location, From, To, Field

35. Create a web page for a shopping mall that allows the user to tick off his purchases and obtain a bill with the total being

72

simultaneously added up. The web page must follow the specifications as given below: a.The entire web page must be divided into four portions. The top most portion states the name of the mall, the middle portion of the web page is divided vertically into two, the types of the items available in the mall are displayed on the left side and a detailed description of each item with the prices are available on the right. Finally, the bottom most portion of the web page must display the cash memo with the total along side. b.Each item in the left hand frame must have a link to the file containing its detailed description, which must be displayed in the right hand frame. Ensure that the user is able to perceive only that portion of the file that is related to the item on which he clicked. Prior to the link being activated, the right hand frame must display a friendly message that gives an idea about its latter contents.

36. Design a simple calculator. 37. Write a DHTML program to give different colors for different heading tags. 38.Using DHTML, invert the behavior of

to

tags. 39.Create an inline style sheet for your web page. 40. Create an external style sheet for creating a font family. 41. Illustrate the creation of embedded style sheet. 42. Illustrate the procedure of creating user-defined classes. 43. Write an ASP script to send the information accepted from the user and send it to a CGI script. 44. Write an ASP script to update the student information with some number ‘n’ in the table. 45. Delete the desired student’s record from the table using the ASP Script.

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Model Question Paper

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.1 Web Technologies Time: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100 ______________________________________________________________

Section-A Answer all the following questions. Each question carries two marks. 1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

Distinguish between Internet and internet. What is domain name? What do you mean by home page? What are class selectors? What are clickable images? Write sample code to make bold tag behave as if it is an italic tag. What is the purpose of scripting languages? Give some examples of scripts. h) List all the attributes of tag. i) How can we import style sheets into our web page? j) Write the attribute that is used to display a linked page in the required frame?

Section-B Answer all the following questions. Each question carries 16 marks. 2. a)

Explain the features of a HTML program. Also, explain the structure of a HTML program. b) Discuss the differences between style and formatting. Explain the tags in HTML supporting that. (or) c) What is the role-played by a multimedia object in designing the web page? Explain the procedure to include a multimedia object. d) Discuss MIME. 3. a) b)

What is the purpose of creating cascading style sheets? Explain the types of cascading style sheets. List out the various operators available in Java Script with suitable examples. (or)

c) How Java Script supports object orientation? Explain with an example. d) What is an array? Discuss the structure of an array with an example. Also, explain how an array element can be removed.

4. a) Explain in detail Built in objects in Java script. b) “Java script is an event – driven system”. Justify ?

74

(or) c) Create a simple form and write a checking of data. d) Explain Rollover Buttons in DHTML.

script

that

performs

primitive

5. a) Explain Java Servlets. b) Explain different ASP Objects. (or) c) Explain the structure of Document Object Model. d) Explain Accessibility and internationalization. 6. a) Describe Telnet operation. b) Explain the different HTTP server response codes. (or) c) Define a protocol. Explain the structure of TCP protocol. d) What is Web browser? What are the factors that are considered while selecting a browser?

*

75

*

*

*

*

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.2 (Elective – 2) GUI Programming

Detailed Syllabus Unit – 1:

Familiarization about the Visual Basic Components.

18hrs.

Getting Starting with Visual Basic 6.0: Introduction to Visual Basic, Visual Basic 6.0 Programming Environment, working with Forms, Developing an Application, Variables, Data types and Modules, Procedures and Control Structures, Arrays in Visual Basic Working with Controls: Introduction, Creating and Using Controls, Working with Control Arrays. Menus, Mouse Events and Dialog Boxes: Introduction, Mouse Events, Dialog Boxes. (Chapters:1,2,3) Unit – 2

:

Objects, Classes and Add-Ins

18hrs.

Graphics, MDI and Flex Grid: Introduction, Graphics for application, Multiple Document Interface(MDI), Using FlexGrid Control. Object Linking and Embedding: Introduction, OLE Fundamentals, Using OLE Container Control, Using ILE Automation Objects, OLE Drag and Drop. Objects and Classes: Introduction to Objects. Working with Objects, Classes and Class Modules. Working with Add-Ins: Introduction to Add-Ins, Building Add-Ins. (Chapters: 4, 8, 9, 14) Unit – 3

:

File System, ODBC and ActiveX features

18hrs.

File and File system Controls: Introduction, File System Controls, Accessing Files, Interface with Windows. ODBC and Data Access Objects: Evolution of Computing Architectures, Data Access Options. ODBC using Data Access Objects and Remote Data Objects: Open Database Connectivity, Remote Data Objects. Working with ActiveX Data Objects: An overview of ADO and OLEDB, ADO object Model. (Chapters: 17,5,6,16)

76

Unit – 4

:

Data Environment ActiveX EXE and DLL

18hrs.

Data Environment and Data Report: Introduction, Data Environment Designer, Data Report. All about ActiveX Controls: Introduction, Constituents of ActiveX Control, Exposing AcrivX Control Properties. ActiveX EXE and ActiveX DLL: Introduction to ActiveX EXE and ActiveX DLL, Creating and ActiveX EXE Component, Creating an ActiveX DLL Component. (Chapters: 7,10,11) Unit – 5

:

Web Browser and DHTML Programming with Visual Basic. 18hrs.

ActiveX Document Fundamentals: What is an ActiveX Document, Active Server Pages. Built-in ActiveX Controls: Working with Built-in ActiveX Controls, Additional ActiveX Controls. Introducing Web Browser and DHTML: Introduction, Internet Tools in Visual Basic, Using DHTML in Visual Basic. (Chapters: 12,13,15) Prescribed Text Book: 1. Content Development Group, Visual Basic 6.0 Programming, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited (2007).

Reference Books :

1. Deitel and Deitel, Visual Basic 2005, Third Edition, Pearson Education (2007).

77

2. Noel Jerke, Visual Basic 6, The complete reference, Mcgraw Hill (2006).

Tata

3. Byran S. Gottfried, Visual Basic, Schaum’s outlines, Mcgraw Hill (2004).

Tata

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.2 Visual Basic Lab LAB CYCLE 1. Develop a Visual Basic Application to display the profile of a valid User. Conditions: i. Check the User with Password. ii. Display his Profile. (Profile is one of Read, Write, Read and write)

2. Develop an Visual Basic application to search an item from list of items using Binary Search 3. Develop a Visual Basic Application for Queue Operations. 4. Develop a Visual Basic Application for Stack Operations. 5. Develop a Visual Basic Application for Coping the elements from one list to other list and Vice-versa (Note: No Duplication is allowed in the list). 6. Develop a Visual Basic Application to make survey on different age groups. Example: Age groups may be (25-34), (35-44), (45-54) and >=55 and display the no of people on a particular age group. 7. Develop an Calculator by using Visual Basic Application 8. Develop a Visual Basic Application to sort the list of numbers. 9. Develop an Visual Basic Application to read and print address of a person (Use Input Box)

78

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.2 (Continued) 10. Develop an Application form, which abstracts the user profile consisting of Skills regarding OS, Databases, Web technologies, Programming Languages and Experience Details. (Use Combo Boxes for Skill Reading, one can choose more skill as per a skill category, but there is a restriction, i.e. he can opt maximum of three) 11. Develop a Visual Basic Application to generate Electricity Bill. 12. Develop a program that generates a form the string “ABCDE” A BCB CDEDC 13. Develop a Visual Basic Application, which develops a Student Mark List. Conditions: i. Read any 5 Subject Marks. ii. For Qualifying, minimum marks are 40% iii. For Pass average is 50% iv. For First Class Percentage is >=60 v. For Second Class Percentage is between 40 and 59 vi. For Third Class Percentage is 40 vii. Minimum percentage is