Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) - GeoScienceWorld

Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) radiolarians from Voronesh Anticline, southwestern Russia Irina Popova-Goll1, Valentina Vishnevskaya2 and Peter O. Baumgartner3 1

Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, U. S. A. email: [email protected] 2 Paleontological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3 Science de la Terre, University of Lausanne, BFSH 2, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Core-samples from wells and an outcrop located on the Voronesh Anticline in the southeastern part of the Russian Platform contain Late Cretaceous radiolaria. 83 species are described and illustrated (SEM and transmitted light images) from Santonian-early Campanian deposits, and two assemblages are distinguished. The older assemblage with Alievium gallowayi, Archaeospongoprunum bipartitum, Archaeospongoprunum. cf. A. salumi as well as other less age-diagnostic taxa, is interpreted as Santonian correlative with the Euchitonia santonica-Alievium gallowayi Assemblage Zone of the Moscow Basin (Vishnevskaya 1993). The younger assemblage, of Santonian – early Campanian age, contains Patulibracchium cf. P. davisi, Crucella irwini, Cryptamphorella sphaerica, Praeconocaryomma californiensis, Dictyomitra lamellicostata among other species and is correlative with the Orbiculiforma quadrata-Lithostrobus rostovtsevi Assemblage Zone of the Moscow Basin. In terms of inter-regional faunal comparisons, both of the Voronesh Anticline radiolarian assemblages demonstrate relatively close affinities to coeval rocks from the Volga River region, but less similarity to the assemblages from the Moscow Basin. Only a few of the common endemic species of Siberian assemblages occur in our samples. On an inter-regional level, the radiolarian assemblages described herein have similarities with assemblages reported from Japan and California. Index-species characteristic for the Santonian-Campanian radiolarian biozonations of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are not found in our collection. However, the presence of many cosmopolitan species known from the European Platform, Japan and California suggests a marine connection between the Voronesh Anticline region, the western Atlantic and eastern Tethys during Santonian-Early Campanian time.

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

There were several reasons to study this material. First, the radiolaria of this time-interval and from this region are not very well known and the investigation we carried out provides the first detailed information about Santonian – Campanian radiolaria of Voronesh Anticline region, along with more precise age determination data, which could be used for the next issue of the regional stratigraphic scheme.

The radiolarians examined in this study occur in semi-consolidated clay, marl, silt and siltstones. These samples were crushed and boiled, with Calgon for 30 minutes or until dispersed, and sieved wet through a 63µm mesh sieve. The resulting residue was boiled with 5% H2O2 and wet sieved again and left to dry. Radiolarians from the dried residue were picked by hand using a very thin brush, pasted on stubs (for SEM study) or mounted on standard microscope slides using Canada balsam (for transmitted light microscope study) according to methods of treatment commonly in use for Mesozoic and Cenozoic radiolaria investigations (Sanfilippo, Westberg and Riedel 1985).

Secondly, the preservation of the fauna is good, compared to coeval radiolaria derived from exposures and subcrops of other localities in Russia and in Europe. A majority of the specimens examined are in the original glassy opal-A silica phase. The tests found have been photographed in transmitted-light and scanning electron microscopes. Thirdly, the assemblages are diverse, with at least 83 species and some previously undescribed taxa that impart a distinctive character to the fauna recovered from core samples of two exploration wells and one outcrop sample. Fourthly, the Voronesh Anticline region is not well known in the English-language geological literature, and in the present article we provided a brief summary of the regional geology, with particular reference to its complex Upper Cretaceous lithoand biostratigraphy. Fifthly, the correlation of the assemblages found in the Voronesh Anticline region to world wide data allows us to understand better the paleogeography of the region in SantonianCampanian, the sea-level fluctuations and related TethysParaTethys paleooceanic connections that existed at that time.

GEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE VORONESH ANTICLINE

The location of wells and outcrops studied. Geographically, the Voronesh Anticline occupies portions of both Ukraine and Russia (text-fig. 1). The Voronesh Anticline (text-fig. 1A) is also known from the literature as the “Kursk-Voronesh crystalline core-area”, which emphasizes the fact that it is a buried basement high composed of metamorphic and magmatic rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic age overlain by Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits. The Voronesh Anticline is bounded on the south and southwest by the Dnepr-Donets Rivers Depression and to the northwest by the Orsha-Smolensk Flexure. The Moscow Syncline and Razan-Saratov Flexure bound this area to the north and northeast, respectively. Geomorphologically, this zone looks like a chain of small hills, 20-50m high, outlining a ledge with a northwestern trend. The dip of beds ranges from 0.5° to 3°. The maximum thickness of Upper Cretaceous deposits is observed in sections and wells located in Dnepr-Donets Depres-

micropaleontology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 1-37, text-figures 1-4, plates 1-8, tables 1-4, 2005

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Irina Popova-Goll et al.: Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) radiolarians from Voronesh Anticline, southwestern Russia

TEXT-FIGURE 1 Locality of wells and outcrops in this study.

sion and declines towards the north. A gradual erosion of Maastrichtian, Campanian and Paleogene deposits has also been observed in the same direction (Moroz and Savron 1975). This phenomenon can be explained by a southwestern monoclinal dip. Well 3 is located near Khotinets Village of the Orel City district. Well 19A is located near Inokovka Village and well 59 is located near Kirsanov Village, both of Tambov City district. Outcrop 598 is located near the Verkhnesoinsky Village of the Ourupinsk City district, Volgograd City region (text-figs. 1, 2, 3). The well cores were provided by the Voronesh City Geological Survey and were

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carefully cleaned before being broken into pieces, to avoid downhole contamination. Stratigraphy. Upper Cretaceous deposits are widely distributed in the territory under investigation and are represented (text-figs. 2, 3, 4; Table 1) by: 1) Cenomanian quartz-glauconitic sand with phosphoritic concretions, referred to locally as the Polpinskaya and Dadkovskaya formations; 2) Turonian chalk with phosphatic pebbles, referred to as the Tuskarevskaya Formation; 3) Coniacian chalk and marl, the latter consisting of pelitic calcite and opal with Inoceramus sp. and foraminifera referred to as the Chernanskaya

Micropaleontology, vol. 51, no. 1, 2005

TEXT-FIGURE 2 Geological map of the Inokovka Village region. Locality of the wells 19 A and 59. Key to symbols: K 1 al - Lower Cretaceous, Albian (quartz-glauconite sand); K 2 sm - Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian (quartz-glauconite sand with phosphorites); K 2 c-m - Upper Cretaceous, Coniacian (marls, silty clay) Maastrichtian (chalk, marl).

Formation (coeval analog of Chernetovskaya Formation of the Byelorussian monoclinal of the Voronesh Anticline); 4) Santonian chalk and marl alternating with sand and silt characteristic of the upper part of Chernanskaya and lower part of Zolotukhinskaya Formation. The latter is the coeval analog of Istobnenskaya Formation and Kirsanovskaya stratum of the neighboring regions (Table 1). Foraminiferal ooze and siliceous limestone represent deposits assigned to the Saprikinsk and Novooskol’sk Formations and its correlative the Sokolovskaya stratum. Sandy and silty beds of Zolotukhinskaya Formation and Kirsanovskaya stratum are radiolarian-bearing. 5) Campanian radiolarian-bearing diatomite alternating with marls containing foraminifera, belemnites and bivalves characteristic of the Dubenkovsky Group. The overlaying Campanian chalk and marl, which has no siliceous component, but contains belemnites and foraminifera, belong to Alekseevsky Group and Maslovskaya Formation; 6) Maastrichtian chalk and marl assigned to the Sudshanskaya Formation. The age determination of all formations listed here is based on ammonites, belemnites, inoceramids and foraminifera (Olferiev 1993). Olferiev (1993) also reported that the sandy part of the

radiolarian-bearing Kirsanovskaya stratum contains macrofauna represented by Sphenoceramus cardissoides, Actinocamax verus fragilis, Microblastum spinosum, Ortodiscus pedester, Sorestirpum radiatus, Coeloptychium agaricoides and Etheridgea verrucosa which indicate a Santonian age. The Zolotukhinskaya Formation contains no other fossils but radiolarians. The age of this formation has been determined on the basis of foraminifera from the Chernanskaya Formation, which directly underlies the Zolotukhinskaya Formation. Foraminiferal assemblages of the Chernanskaya Formation have been referred to the local Gavelinella infrasantonica, G. thalmanii and G. kelleri zones and the time of its formation was determined to be Late Coniacian. RADIOLARIAN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

Previous investigations. Santonian-Campanian radiolaria are not very well known from the Voronesh Anticline region. Despite the fact that the radiolarian assemblages of this age are reported from many localities of the Russian Platform, there are many gaps in our knowledge about taxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleogeography of radiolarians from this territory.

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TEXT-FIGURE 3 Geological map of the Khotinets Village are in the vicinity of well 3. Key to symbols: K2 t - st Upper Cretaceous, Turonian - Santonian (chalk, limestone). K2 t Upper Cretaceous, Turonian (chalk). K1-2 al - sm Lower - Upper Cretaceous, Albian - Cenomanian (sand, clay, gravel). K1 a - nc - Lower Cretaceous, Aptian - Neocomian (sand, clay, gravel). J 2-3 Middle - Upper Jurassic, Callovian - Oxfordian (clay, silty-clay, clayey sand). D 3 Upper Devonian (basalt , tuffs, clay).

Late Cretaceous deposits of the Russian Platform have been studied over many years by radiolarian specialists, and several provincial radiolarian biostratigraphic schemes have been proposed: 1) for the Kuznetsk City region by Lipman (1952), 2) for the Moscow Basin by Vishnevskaya (1990, 1993), Vishnevskaya and Kazintsova (1990), and Bragina (1994), 3) for the Volga River region by Amon and De Wever (1994) and Bragina (Bragina et al. 1999). Late Coniacian-Santonian and late Campanian radiolarian microfauna from the Shilovka Village region (near Ulianovsk City) as recently described by Vishnevskaya et al. (1999) are attributed to the Moscow Basin local stratigraphic scale (Vishnevskaya 1993). The literature on Coniacian through Campanian radiolarians from southwestern Russia is spotty and incomplete. Lozynyak (1975) has reported on Late Cretaceous radiolaria from the Skiba Zone of the Ukrainian Carpatians. Radiolaria that he discovered in the lower Stryiskaya subseries belong to Cenodiscus, Porodiscus and Theocorys. According to foraminifera (Lozynyak 1975), this part of the subseries formed during Coniacian-Santonian time.

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Later, Sycheva and Semenov (1982) published a short note about the first discovery of Late Cretaceous radiolarians from deposits of the Dniepr-Donets Depression. The authors recognized nine radiolarian-bearing beds spanning the Turonian to Campanian. Neither lists of species nor descriptions or illustrations were included; the publication provided only a list of generic names. Olferiev (1993) described, but did not illustrate, a Santonian radiolarian assemblage, with Archaeospongoprunum bipartitum, Cromyodruppa concentrica, Crucella cf. C. plana, Euchitonia santonica, Histiastrum aster, H. latum, Rhopalastrum attenuatum, Amphipyndax stocki in Coniacian strata cropping out south of Khotinets Village (text-fig. 2). The present article thus provides the first detailed study of taxonomy, biostratigraphy, paleoecology and paleogeography of the Santonian-Early Campanian radiolarian fauna of the Voronesh Anticline.


TEXT-FIGURE 4 Logs of the wells and outcrops studied.

Present study

We have distinguished two radiolarian assemblages from the Upper Cretaceous sequences of the Voronesh Anticline: the first, of Santonian age, with Euchitonia santonica, Stylodictya delicatula, Praeconocaryomma cf. P. vivenkensis, Phacostylus inokovkus, Alievium gallowayi, Pseudoaulophacus floresensis, Crucella plana, Archaeospongoprunum cf. A. bipartitum, Theocampe ex. gr. T. apicata, T. lispa, Theocapsomma brevithorax, Theocapsomma amphora, Artostrobus sp. aff. E. microtheca, Thanarla veneta etc. and the second of Santonian - early Campanian age with Patulibracchium cf. P. ruesti, Stylotrochus polygonatus, Praeconocaryomma lipmanae, Paronaella communis, Pseudoaulophacus cf. P. venadoensis, Archaeospongoprunum cf. A. salumi, Histiastrum membraniferum, Crucella messinae, Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ruesti, Amphipyndax stocki morphotype A, Dictyomitra sp. aff. D. densicostata, Lithostrobus rostovzevi etc. (Tables 3, 4). The first assemblage was discovered in clayey silt core-samples of the Kirsanovskaya stratum in well 19A, interval 16.8 18.0m. The co-occurrence of A. gallowayi, E. santonica and A. cf. A. bipartitum in this assemblage suggest that it formed during Santonian time. It includes more than 54 species and is characterized by dominance of Spumellaria (31 species) over Nassellaria (23 species). Approximately half of total abundance (specimens/g) belongs to different representatives of Spongo- and Porodiscida. This assemblage is referred to the Euchitonia santonicaAlievium gallowayi Assemblage Zone of the Moscow Basin

(Vishnevskaya 1993) (Table 2). A very similar assemblage has been observed from another locality of the Voronesh Anticline region. It was discovered in a sample of a silty-clay bed from outcrop 598 (interval 0.8m, sample 22), near Verkhnesoinsky Village, Urupinsk City District, Volgograd City region. This bed is attributed to the Oboyanskaya Formation. According to its present stratigraphical position, based on other fossil data, this stratum formed during the Paleocene. Although the preservation of microfauna is relatively good, redeposition is possible. The second assemblage, with C. sphaerica, C. campi, D. lamellicostata, H. crux, L. pusillus, L. rostovzevi, S. sp. aff. S. densa etc. (Tabls. 3, 4), was described from silty clay cores-sample from well 19 A, interval 8.8m-10.0m, presently attributed to the Kirsanovskaya stratum and from silt core-samples from well 3, interval 5.0m, attributed to the Zolotykhinskaya Formation (Table 3, 4). It includes more than 53 species and is characterized by the dominance of Spumellaria (35 species) over Nassellaria (18 species). Spongo- and Porodiscidae account for more than 43% of all specimens. This assemblage is referred to the Orbiculiforma quadrataLithostrobus rostovtsevi Assemblage Zone of the Moscow Basin (Vishenevskaya 1993) (Table 2). Because of the co-occurrence of Theocapsomma amphora, Lithostrobus rostovzevi, Crucella irwini, Dictyomitra lamellicostata and Cyrtocapsa campi, we conclude that this assemblage formed during Santonian-early Campanian. This age determination differs from that in Table 1, where the Zolotukhinskaya Formation and Kirsanovskaya stratum are referred to Early Santonian time. This age was derived from a

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planktonic foraminiferal assemblage including Gavellinella praeinfrasantonica (Mjatlyuk), G. praeriksdalensis Brotzen, Osangularia whitei var. whitei (Brotzen), Reusella kelleri Vassilenko, Globotruncana paraventricosa (Hofker) and some other species observed in the Terepshansky Formation, the coeval analog of the Zolotykhinskaya and Kirsanovskaya units (unpublished data, “CentrGeologia” laboratory, Moscow). This foraminiferal data was used for the regional scheme issued in 1995 (Alekseev et al.1995) and is use nowadays. CORRELATIONS

Radiolarian assemblages described by Lipman (1952) from Santonian-Campanian deposits of the Kuznetsk City region are represented by drawings rather than photographs, making comparison difficult. However, we concluded that the Kuznetsk City region microfauna formed in a different environment than that of the Voronesh Anticline region, and looks more like assemblages described from the Western Siberia Lowland (Glazunova et al 1960; Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966). Approximately 10 cosmopolitan species we observed in common for both assemblages: Cromyodruppa concentrica, Euchitonia santonica, Histiastrum aster, H. crux, H. irregularis, H. membraniferum, H. tumeniensis, Pentinastrum subbotinae, Spongodiscus volgensis and Triacticus triacuminatus. Comparison of Santonian radiolaria of well 19A (interval 16.8-18.0m) with the radiolarian assemblage of the Euchitonia santonica - Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Assemblage Zone, described from well 502 located near Volgograd City (text-fig. 1) (Bragina et al. 1999) reveals the presence of Archeospongoprunum bipartitum as a species characteristic of both correlated assemblages. The assemblage of well 502 includes more than 20 species and contains about 12 species in common with our data, including Euchitonia santonica Lipman, Histiastrum aster Lipman, Pentinastrum subbotinae Lipman, Praeconocaryomma californiaensis Pessagno, Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Pessagno, Dictyomitra densicostata Pessagno. The age of it is determined as Santonian - early Campanian (Bragina et al. 1999) due to the Coniacian - early Santonian Stensioeina exculpta exculpta Foraminiferal Zone directly underlying radiolarian-bearing strata. The correlation between radiolarian assemblages from the Voronesh Anticline territory and the Volga River region was difficult, because of its different taxonomic composition and structure. Poro- and Spongodiscida prevail among radiolarian shells from the Volga River region. The Voronesh Anticline area is marked by the presence of numerous cryptocephalic species and their taxonomic diversity is markedly higher; this reflects a change from deep to shallow water conditions towards the north. It is difficult to say which of our two assemblages is coeval with the Euchitonia santonica – Pseudoaulophacus floresensis assemblage of Bragina et al (1999) from the Nariman Sequence of the Volgograd City region and the Orbiculiforma quadrata – Crucella irwini assemblage of Bragina (1994) from the Khot’kovo Group of the Moscow Basin region. This is because we did not find some of the species characteristic for this time-interval mentioned in these publications. The radiolarian assemblage from well 19A (all intervals) shows an affinity with the assemblage discovered in well 59 (text-fig. 2), interval 55-66m and reported by Olferiev (1993). It is difficult to say whether the compared assemblages are coeval or not, because all species in common are known to be cosmopolitan with long ranges (Histiastrum aster, H. membraniferum, H. latum, Euchitonia santonica, Cromyodruppa concentrica,

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Spongodiscus volgensis, Dictyomitra scalaris, D. multicostata). Smirnova has provided the age supporting data for this study based on foraminiferal assemblage from the bed underlying the radiolarian-bearing bed. Gavelinella sp. aff. G. kelleri (Mjatlyuk), Valvulineria sp. aff. V. lenticulata Brotz., Gyroidina sp. aff. G. nitida (Reuss) and Gyroidina sp. aff. G. turgida (Hay) were encountered in this assemblage suggesting a Coniacian - early Santonian age (Olferiev 1993). Our correlations are based on comparison with radiolarian literature from the European Platform, central Asia, Siberia, Japan, North, Central and South America, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Southersn Ocean. No data from China or India were available. The European Platform. In this region, Santonian-Campanian radiolarians were described from Italy (Squinabol 1903, 1904), Belgium (Cayeux 1897), Northern Germany (Zittel 1876), the Bavarian Alps (Lupu 1985), from the Salzburg-Reichenhaller Basin, Austria (Empson-Morin 1984) and North Rhine, Westphalia (Riegraf 1995), Romania (Dumitrica 1970), Poland (Gorka 1989, Bak 1999b), Greece (De Wever and Thiebault 1981; Jones et al. 1992) and Cyprus (Empson-Morin 1984; Urquhart 1994; Bragina and Bragin 1996). Coniacian-Maastrichtian radiolarian-bearing deposits have been found in Bulgaria (Rankova et al. 1998). The comparison of European radiolarian assemblages with those of the Voronesh Anticline region demonstrate the co-occurrence of a few common cosmopolitan species P. universa, P. lipmanae, D. multicostata, D. lamellicostata, P. floresensis, A. stocki, X. asymbatos, C. sphaerica. The Caucasus and Crimea. Zhamoida et al. (1976) reported the first discoveries of Late Cretaceous radiolaria from the Sevanskij complex of the Lesser Caucasus. The microfauna was observed in petrographic slides. Radiolarian biozonation for the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Lesser and Great Caucasus, specifically the Shakhdag-Khisins and Kovdagsk Synclinoria, was established by Abbasov (1987, 1990). Integrated data concerning the foraminifera and radiolaria of the Great Caucasus territory have been published by Aliyulla et al. (1988). The same age radiolaria were also discovered in Azerbaijan, the Gyilistan territory of the Agdzhakend Synclinoria in Azerbaijan (Aliyulla et al. 1991). The correct correlation between the Santonian-Campanian radiolarian assemblages of the Voronesh Anticline region and Caucasus could not be established because the published data are not complete. The majority of publications contain only species names, but no illustrations. Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Late Cretaceous radiolarian-bearing deposits with Gongylothorax cf. G. verbeeki and Alievium cf. A. gallowayi (Coniacian-Santonian), Gongylothorax tadjikistanensis (late Campanian) and Hemicryptocapsa djalilovi (Maastrichtian) were described from the Tajik Depression (Goltman 1983, 1988, 1989) of Tajikistan and from the southwestern Darvaz City region (Goltman and Ashurov 1989) of Turkmenistan. The correlation of the radiolarian assemblages from the above mentioned territory with those of the Voronesh Anticline region was difficult, because radiolaria in Tajikistan and Turkmenistan were studied only in thin section. However it was possible to recognize a few common species, such as Alievium cf. A. gallowayi, H. aster and H. crux.


TABLE 1

Regional and local lithostratigraphic units of Voronesh Anticline region (Alekseev, Olferiev and Shik 1995)

Siberia. In Siberia the Cenomanian-Maastrichtian radiolaria were described from many localities of the Tumen and Khanti-Mansiisk regions, Berezovo, Luchinkino and Vedenie Villages, Sina River (Glazunova et al 1960), Yar-Sale, Berezovo, Azovo-Myshi, Dyvankyl’, Bytka and Omsk regions, Severnaya Sos’va, Polyi and Kazim Rivers (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966). Local biostratigraphic subdivisions based on radiolarian data were proposed for the Western Siberian lowland (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966) and for the middle part of the eastern Ural Mountains region (Grigor’eva 1975; Amon and Papulov 1985; Amon 1993). Lipnitskaya (1997) had reported the presence of ConiacianSantonian radiolarians from the Western Siberian lowland. According to her data, radiolarians found in the Ipatovskian horizon were attributed to the Ommatodiscus mobilis - Spongodiscus multus Radiolarian taxon-range local Zone established by Amon (1993). These assemblages could not be assigned to any oceanic biozonal scheme and are difficult to use for long distance correlations because of their low taxonomic diversity and the presence of some endemic species. The situation with Santonian and early Campanian radiolarians, according Lipnitskaya’s data, was different. Thus, it was possible to attribute the latter assemblage to the Prunobrachium crassum - P.

articulatum local radiolarian Zone and to correlate it with the Artostrobium urna Zone of Riedel and Sanfilippo (1974). The correlation of radiolaria from the Western Siberia lowland with the Voronesh Anticline allow us to recognize the presence of 4 common species - P. vulgaris, S. insolita, S. densa and L. cf. L. marinae. This phenomenon can be explained by difference in depositional settings linked with paleogeography and ecology. It is known that Western Siberian microplankton developed in strait-like basins strongly influenced by Arctic Ocean transgressions/regressions (Naidin et al. 1986). Therefore it includes an endemic fauna from the Arctic, unknown in the lower boreal and Tethyan basins (Amon and De Wever 1994). For this particular reason radiolarian-bearing deposits of the Western Siberia and Voronesh Anticline regions could not be directly correlated with each other or with existing oceanic biozonation. Middle East. Some information about Late Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages is known from surface exposures in the Middle East, from the Hawasina Complex (Tippit 1981; De Wever et al. 1988) and Wadi Ragmi, Samail Nappe (Tippit 1981; Schaaf and Thomas 1986) of Oman, from ophiolitic terrains of Cyprus and Oman (Blome and Irwin 1985), from the Damlaagacderesi Sedimentary

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Melange, near Ankara, Turkey (Mekik 1999, Mekik and Ling 2000) and from Sayyarim Formation of Israel (Haas et al. 1985). Correlation was possible between Santonian radiolarian assemblages of the Voronesh Anticline region and Turkey based on the co-occurrence of a few cosmopolitan species: D. multicostata, P. universa, A. gallowayi, P. floresensis and C. aster. Pacific Ocean region. Acquisitions from the Pacific Ocean region show that Coniacian-Campanian radiolaria are well known from the Bering Sea Realm (Vishnevskaya 1985, 1986; Bragina 1991a) and from Shikotan (Bragina 1991b) and Sakhalin Islands (Kazintsova 1979; Atlas of Cretaceous Key Taxa from Sakhalin, 1993; Bragina 1999). The Kamchatka Peninsula section near Ust-Palana Village (Palechek 2000) also yielded radiolarian-bearing beds of this age. Our comparison indicates a few cosmopolitan species in common. Santonian radiolarians from many localities of Japan contain from 10 to 15 taxa in common with our assemblages. A coeval radiolarian fauna was discovered in deposits of the Hakobuchi (Iwata et al. 1992) and Ybetsu Groups (Iwata and Tajika 1986) of the Tokoro belt, in the Urakawa and Obira areas of Hokkaido (Taketani 1982, 1995), in the Izumi Group (Yamasaki 1987) and Kajisako Formation (Okamura et al. 1982). Some other groups of the Shimanto sub-belt of Shikoku Island yielded beds with Santonian radiolarians (Nakazawa et al. 1983; Suyari 1986; Suyari et al. 1989; Teraoka and Kurimoto 1986; Okamura, 1992; Hashimoto and Ishida 1997; Ishida and Hashimoto, 1998). The coeval radiolarian-bearing deposits have been reported from the Ryujin Formation of the Hidakagawa Belt (Suzuki 1992) and from the Yuasa area of the western Kii Peninsula (Kashiwagi 1998). Both are located in southwestern Japan. The radiolarian assemblages from the Ogochi Group of the Kano Mountains of central Japan (Iyota et al. 1994) and the Goshoura Group of the Maki-shima Islands of Japan (Aita et al. 1997) contain about 12 to 15 species in common with the Voronesh Anticline region. In the report of Hollis and Kimura (2001) on the new Coniacian – Paleocene biozonation of Japan, we found more than 10 species in common, but none of the Japanese zonal index-species were observed in our assemblages. Campanian radiolarians were reported from rocks of the Mid-Pacific Mountains (Empson-Morin 1981, 1982 unpublished thesis), Abyssal North Pacific, Shatsky Rise (Kling 1971) and Mariana Trough (Kling 1981). We recognize the presence of P. floresensis, A. gallowayi, A. stocki, X. asymbatos as common to both compared regions. Antarctic Ocean. Coniacian-Campanian radiolarian-bearing deposits have been discovered in the Poya Terrane of New Caledonia (Cluzel et al. 1997), in the Campbell Plateau, offshore New Zealand (Pessagno 1975) and from Weddell Sea deposits (Ling and Lazarus 1990). The comparison of assemblages from the investigated region and the Weddell Sea indicate the presence of only D. multicostata, A. stocki, C. concentrica in common. Indian Ocean. Data from the Indian Ocean demonstrate that Coniacian-Maastrichtian radiolaria are present in core-samples from offshore Madagascar (Sanfilippo and Riedel 1974). Turonian/Santonian radiolarians were described from chalky rocks of Rotti, Timor (Tan 1927) and Early Cretaceous Paleogene radiolarians from the micro-continent of Buton (Soeka 1992), central Java (Okamoto et al. 1994) - Indonesia, and from the Wharton Basin and Argo Abyssal Plain (Renz 1974).

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Radiolarian assemblages from the biogeographic domains as different as the Voronesh Anticline region and Java contain only a few cosmopolitan species in common - A. gallowayi, C. universa, C. sphaerica. Atlantic Ocean. Coniacian-Santonian (?) radiolaria of the Atlantic Ocean are described offshore from the Bahamas (Pessagno 1969), in core-samples of 959 D and 962B Sites, Leg 159 ODP, the eastern equatorial zone (Erbacher 1998) and near Barbados - Leg 171B of JOIDES Resolution, Sites 1049-1053 (Kroon et al. 1998). A Campanian assemblage was discovered in cores of Site 95, Leg 10, Gulf of Mexico (Foreman 1973), Sites 137 and 138, Leg 14 DSDP (Petrushevskaya and Kozlova 1972) and Site 163, Leg 16 DSDP (Dinkelman 1973) and in core-samples of Sites 367 and 369, Legs 40 and 41 DSDP (Foreman 1977, 1978) along the African coast. Coniacian-Santonian radiolarian assemblages of the Atlantic Ocean contain from 10 to 12 species in common with the Voronesh Anticline region. Among them are A. stocki, C. concentrica, C. irwini, D. densicostata, D. multicostata, S. communis. The absence of index-species of the biozonations proposed for the Atlantic Ocean Santonian-Campanian deposits by Foreman (1975, 1977), Sanfilippo and Riedel (1989) in the Voronesh Anticline assemblages did not allow direct correlation between the two regions. North America. In North America, the radiolarian-bearing deposits of middle Albian to Santonian age have been reported from only one locality in Canada – the Colorado Group in Saskatchewan (Simpson 1975). Coniacian, Santonian and Campanian radiolaria have been discovered in several localities in the United States: a) Corral Hollow Shale of the Tesla Quadrangle, near Tesla, California (Campbell and Clark 1944); b) Great Valley Sequence, Coast Ranges, California (Pessagno 1973, 1974, 1976), c) Odanah Member, Pierre Shale in Manitoba (Young and Moore 1994), d) Pierre Shale in Colorado, Kansas and Wyoming (Bergstresser 1983). Our comparisons demonstrate the presence from 10 to 17 (depending on locality) species in common with assemblages from California, including A. davisensis, A. bipartitum, A. salumi, C. concentrica, C. irwini, C. messinae, C. plana, P. davisi, P. lipmanae and P. venadoensis etc. This is close to the maximum affinity observed of any radiolarian assemblages. This similarity affected the choice of Alievium gallowayi, an index-species of radiolarian biozonation in California (Pessagno 1976, 1977), as the indicator of a radiolarian zone of the Moscow Basin biostratigraphic scale (Vishnevskaya 1993). Caribbean region. Campanian-Maastrichtian radiolaria were observed in many localities of this region (Riedel and Sanfilippo 1970, 1973; Sanfilippo and Riedel 1989). The on-land collections came from the Nicoya Complex (Shmidt-Effing 1979) and Santa Elena Massive (Shmidt-Effing 1980), Loma Chumico Formation (Erlich et al. 1996), Esperanza Unit (Baumgartner 1984b) and Herradura block (Baumgartner et al. 2000; Popova et al. 2000) of Costa Rica. In Central and South America radiolarians have been discovered in Puerto Rico and Mexico (Pessagno 1962, 1963, 1969), in the San Antonio Formation of Venezuela (Marcucci 1973, unpublished thesis), in the Sergipe Basin of northeastern Brazil (Koutsoukos et al. 1993), and in deposits of the Brazilian continental margin (Mello et al. 1989). The correlation of Santonian-Campanian radiolarian assemblages from these localities of the Caribbean re-


TABLE 2

Biochronozonal subdivisions of the Russian Platform based on radiolarian data.

gion and Central and Southern America demonstrate the presence of a few cosmopolitan species with long chrononological range.

of shallow water depositional settings, prevail in assemblages of both latter regions.

Our comparison indicates the presence of cosmopolitan A. stocki, D. multicostata, D. densicostata, D. multicostata, X. asymbatos and P. floresensis everywhere in deposits of this time-interval. A. gallowayi, A. davisensis, A. bipartitum, D. brevithorax, C. concentrica, C. sphaerica, A. salumi, C. irwini, C. plana, P. universa, P. californiaensis, P. davisi, P. lipmanae, P. venadoensis and S. bertrandi are characteristic for ConiacianCampanian deposits of the Voronesh Anticline region, Japan and North America. The presence of A. gallowayi made correlation possible between our and coeval zonal assemblage of California, but none of the index-species known from Santonian-Campanian biozonations of Japan or the deep-sea standard scale were found in our collection.

Preservation of microfauna is different as well. The microfauna from Voronesh Anticline deposits is better preserved (see fine surface structure with short spines) than it is from other localities.

CONCLUSIONS

The first Upper Cretaceous assemblage of the Voronesh Anticline with P. inokovkus, A. gallowayi, P. floresensis etc. was formed during Santonian time. It is dominated by Spumellaria (31 species) over Nassellaria (23 species). We recognized more than 54 species. It is very difficult to compare those assemblages with others discovered in the same region and known from the literature because the latter are not well described (Sycheva and Semenov 1982) and represented only as a list of generic names. Assemblages deposited during the same interval have been described from the Kuznetsk City region (Lipman 1952), Moscow Basin (Vishnevskaya 1993; Bragina 1994; Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998) and from the west-bank of the Volga River region (near Volgograd City) (Bragina et al. 1999). Correlation of assemblages from afore mentioned regions with ones from the Voronesh Anticline shows some difference in their structure. Thus the Voronesh Anticline assemblage contains only 47% of Spongoand Porodiscida species, which is different from that observed in assemblages from the neighboring localities. In all those regions, this number was between 65 to 85%. In addition, they contain some species belonging to Theocapsomma and Stichomitra, which were not reported from the Moscow Basin localities and very rarely reported from the Volga River region. Spongodiscus, Archaeospongoprunum, and Porodiscus, known to be indicators

The second assemblage of the Voronesh Anticline with Praeconocaryomma californiensis, Dictyomitra densicostata, Archaeospongoprunum cf. A. salumi etc. can be attributed to Santonian early Campanian time. It includes 53 species. Spummellaria (35 species) dominates over Nassellaria (18 species). The Santonian – Early Campanian assemblage differs from Santonian, due to a decline of total abundance of specimens and visible change in their taxonomic structure. Poro- and Spongodiscida became less numerous and their presence was estimated as 45% out of all specimens in the second assemblage. The general conclusion based on both assemblages is that the predominance of subtropical, partly endemic elements indicates an original setting that probably belonged to the northern part of the Tethyan Realm - Shallow Tethys. The significant presence of Poro- and Spongodiscida, the absence of specimens with long and thin spines, and with a thin shell wall could indicate relatively shallow-water conditions. The Santonian-Campanian radiolarian fauna of the Voronesh Anticline region show its similarity to mid-high latitude fauna from the Volga River region and Moscow Basin. Correlation with the Volgograd City region, Moscow Basin and Kuznetsk City region indicates the presence of 12 to 17 species in common. The affinity of our radiolarian assemblages to coeval ones from California and Japan is also remarkably close. The number of species in common is very much like it was for the short distance correlations. Correlation with collections from ocean basins indicated the presence only cosmopolitan species. No index-species from a standard biostratigraphic zonation (Sanfilippo and Riedel 1989) could be found in Voronesh Anticline assemblages. Thus, no direct correlations with this scale have been made in this study. Coeval radiolarian assemblages from the Southern hemisphere and Siberia contained only few com-

9


mon species because they are either cosmopolitan, with long ranges (in Antarctic), or endemic (in Siberia).

Stichocapsa (?) stocki CAMPBELL and CLARK 1944, p. 44, pl. 18, figs. 31-33

The Santonian to early Campanian deposits of the Voronesh Anticline region formed during the transgressive phase of the Tethyan Basin. This was a time of progressive deepening of the southern part of the Russian Platform and Donbass Bassin (Naidin et al. 1986). Traces of Late Santonian-Campanian transgression have been reported from Beotia (Steuber et al. 1993) and were observed in Santonian deposits of the Norwegian Sea (Cecchi 1997) as well. In Europe, the sea-level maximum was attained in the Late Campanian (Hallam 1992).

Age and distribution: Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, world-wide species (Kozlova and Gorbovetz 1966; Foreman 1968; Dumitrica 1970, 1973, 1975; Basov and Vishnevskaya 1991; Taketani 1982, 1995; Vishnevskaya 1993; Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998; Hollis and Kimura 2001); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 18.0 - 8.8m (this study). Amphipyndax sp. aff. A. stocki (Campbell and Clark) morphotype A Vishnevskaya

Plate 5, figure 7 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION

All identified species considered characteristic for the Russian Platform have been illustrated (Plates 1-8). One endemic species has been provided with a complete description. This was done because the original description was published in a Russian book of abstracts and is difficult to find nowadays. Well-known species present elsewhere in California, the Mediterranean, Siberia, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are given in alphabetic order and accompanied by information concerning their synonymy, reported age and distribution. The collection of samples, slides and stubs is stored at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A & M University in College Station, Texas, U.S.A. Genus Actinomma Haeckel 1862 Actinomma davisensis Pessagno

Plate 5, figure 10; Plate 6, figure 14 Actinomma davisensis PESSAGNO 1976, p. 43, pl. 4, figs 14, 15.

Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark) var. A VISHNEVSKAYA 1993, p. 186, p. 3, fig. 10

Age and distribution (of Amphipyndax stocki morphotype A.): Barremian-Aptian, Russian Far East (Vishnevskaya 1993); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study). Remarks: The shells of the specimens we observed are less strictly conical than in the holotype. Amphipyndax mediocris Tan

Plate 1, figures 7, 8; Plate 3, figure 12 Dictyomitra mediocris TAN 1927, p. 55, pl. 10, fig. 82; Dictyomitra uralica Gorbovetz - KOZLOVA and GORBOVETS 1966, p. 116, pl. VI, figs. 6, 7 Amphipyndax mediocris Tan - RENZ 1974, p. 788, pl. 5, figs. 7-9; pl. 12, fig. 3. – SCHAAF 1981, p. 465, pl. 22, figs. 7a,b Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark) var. B.- VISHNEVSKAYA 1987, p. 53, pl. 6, fig. 1-5

Age and distribution: Turonian, California (Pessagno 1976). Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study).

Age and distribution: Late Early to Late Cretaceous, Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans (Renz 1974; Schaaf 1981); Late Cretaceous, Kamchatka (Vishnevskaya 1987). Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study).

Genus Alievium Pessagno 1972, emend Foreman 1973

Archaeodictyomitra Pessagno

Alievium gallowayi (White) sensu lato

Plate 4, figure 12

Archaeodictyomitra lamellicostata Foreman

Plate 3, figures 7, 8; Plate 5, figure 2; Plate 6, figure 6

Baculogypsina (?) gallowayi WHITE 1928, p. 305, pl. 41, figs. 9, 10; Alievium gallowayi (White) - PESSAGNO 1972, p. 299, pl. 25, figs. 4-6; pl. 26, fig. 5, pl. 31, figs. 2, 3. – FOREMAN 1975, p. 613, pl. 1D, fig. 2,3; pl. 5, fig. 11. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 27, pl. 8, fig. 13,14; pl. 9, fig. 1. – TAKETANI 1982, 51, pl. 10, fig. 7;

Dictyomitra lamellicostata FOREMAN 1968, p. 65, pl. 7, figs. 8a, b. – BAK 1999a, p. 144, fig. 7 G-H, L Archaeodictyomitra lamellicostata (Foreman). – SANFILIPPO and RIEDEL 1989, p. 599, fig. 7.5 a-d. – URQUHART and BANNER 1994, p. 509, fig. 4, f. – ISHIDA and HASHIMOTO 1998, p. 225, pl. 2, fig. 1

Age and distribution: Santonian through Maastrichtian, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, Japan, California, Carribean region, Bavaria and Cyprus (Sanfilippo and Riedel 1989; Hollis and Kimura 2001); Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5m (this study).

Age and distribution: Campanian through Maastrichtian, California, Caribbean region, Atlantic, Japan, Cyprus and Poland (Sanfilippo and Riedel 1989; Urquhart and Banner 1994; Ishida and Hashimoto 1998; Bak 1999a); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study). Genus Archaeospongoprunum Pessagno 1973

Remarks: The surface structure of the specimen is not well preserved, but subtriangular shape of disc, circular inner structure and the circular shape of spines are characteristic for A. gallowayi, therefore the species name is given in sensu lato. Genus Amphipyndax Foreman 1966 emend. Empson-Morin 1981, 1982 Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark)

Plate 3, figure 11, 13; Plate 5, figure 6

10

Archaeospongoprunum bipartitum Pessagno

Plate 2, figure 20; Plate 3, figure 10; Plate 4, figure 5 Archaeospongoprunum bipartitum PESSAGNO 1973, p. 59, pl. 11, figs. 4-6. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 33, pl. 6, fig. 3; TAKETANI 1982, p. 48, pl. 2, figs. 1a, b; pl. 9, fig. 8. – OKAMURA et al. 1982, p. 98, pl. 15, figs. 2,3; VISHNEVSKAYA 1987, p. 48, pl. 3, figs. 5,6; VISHNEVSKAYA 1993, pl. 5, figs. 1,2; VISHNEVSKAYA 1996, pl. 2, figs. 2-4; VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 253, pl. 2, figs. 7-12;


VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 150, pl. 18, fig. 5,6; pl. 113, fig. 7-9; pl. 114, fig. 2-4;pl. 122, fig. 23.

Age and distribution: Coniacian to Santonian, California (Pessagno 1973, 1976); Japan (Okamura et al. 1982; Taketani 1982); early Turonian, northern Italy, (Erbacher 1994); Upper Cretaceous, Bering Sea region of Russia (Vishnevskaya 1987); Santonian, Sakhalin Island (ATLAS 1993); Coniacian-early Campanian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya 1993; Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998). Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, intervals 10.0 and 17.5m. Archaeospongoprunum cf. A. salumi Pessagno

Plate 3, figure 9; Plate 4, figure 1; Plate 5, figure 14 Archaeospongoprunum salumi PESSAGNO 1973, p. 63, pl. 13, figs. 2. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 33, pl. 11, figs. 2-3. – AITA et al. 1997, p. 275, pl. 1, fig. 1. – ISHIDA and HASHIMOTO 1998, p. 225, pl. 2, fig. 21.

Age and distribution: early Campanian, portion of Forbes Formation (Dobbins Shale Stratum), California (Pessagno 1973); S. fossilis Zone, Coniacian (Aita et al. 1997); Campanian (Yamauchi 1982; Ishida and Hashimoto 1998); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, intervals 8.8 and 16.8m, Khotinets Village, well 3, interval 5.0m. Remarks: The specimen is not well preserved. Genus Artostrobus Haeckel 1887 sensu Petrushevskaya 1971 Artostrobus sp. aff. Eucyrtidium microtheca Ehrenberg

Plate 1, figure 1; Plate 2, figure 12 cf. Eucyrtidium microtheca EHRENBERG 1875, taf. XI, fig. 10.

Age and distribution: Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m.

Cromyodruppa sp. aff. C. concentrica Lipman

Plate 2, figure 18 Age and distribution: Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study). Remarks: The outershell structure is different from the holotype. Genus Crucella Pessagno 1971 Crucella cf. C. irwini Pessagno

Plate 7, figures 8, 12 cf. Crucella irwini - PESSAGNO 1971, p. 55, pl. 9, figs. 4-6. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 32, pl. 3, figure 16. – ERBACHER 1994, p. 373, pl. 2, fig. 29. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 250, pl. 3, figs. 11-12. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 158, pl. 115, figs. 11,12.

Age and distribution: Turonian to Coniacian of California (Pessagno 1976); Pacific (Basov and Vishnevskaya 1991), Italy, Cyprus (Erbacher 1994), early Turonian (Kuhnt et al. 1986); Turonian - early Santonian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study). Remarks: The shell is poorly preserved. Crucella messinae Pessagno

Plate 4, figure 13 Crucella messinae PESSAGNO 1971, p. 55, pl. 6, figs. 1-3. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 32, pl. 1, figs. 4. – FOREMAN 1975, p. 612, pl. 1D, figs. 8, 9, pl. 5, fig. 2. – TAKETANI 1982, p. 50, pl. 9, fig. 17. – (not) KUHNT et al. 1986, pl. 7, fig. D. – THUROW 1988, p. 399, pl. 5, fig. 22. – KOUTSOUKOS and HART 1990, p. 54, pl. 2, fig. 7,8. – ELLIS 1993, pl. 2, fig. 1-4. – ERBACHER 1994, p. 96, pl. 2, fig. 10; pl. 12, fig. 3, pl. 10, fig. 15; pl. 16, fig. 12. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 158, pl. 114, fig. 10;

Remarks: The specimens we observed are 1.5 times smaller than the holotype.

Age and distribution: Albian-Coniacian of California, Japan and North Pacific (Pessagno 1971, 1976; Foreman 1975; Taketani 1982); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study).

Genus Cromyodruppa Haeckel 1887

Crucella plana Pessagno

Cromyodruppa concentrica Lipman

Plate 2, figure 7 Cromyodruppa concentrica LIPMAN 1952, p. 29, pl. 1, figs. 8-9. – LIPMAN 1962, p. 287, pl. 1, figs. 1a,b. – KOZLOVA and GORBOVETZ 1966, p. 62, pl. 1, figs. 1-4. – ATLAS...1993, p. 46, pl. 20, fig. 7. – BRAGINA 1994, text-fig. 1:6. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 253, pl. 2, fig. 3 Phaseliforma concentrica (Lipman) - PESSAGNO 1976, p. 26, pl. 9, fig. 13 Cromyodruppa ? concentrica Lipman -FOREMAN 1978, p. 742, pl. 2, fig. 18. – LING and LAZARUS 1990, p. 355, pl. 1, figs. 11-13. – AMON 1990, p. 62, pl. 7, fig. 3. – LING 1991, p. 319, pl. 1, fig. 4

Comparison: Cromyodruppa concentrica Lipman differs from Amphibrachium concentricum Riedel and Sanfilippo by the spiral-concentric character of its inner structure. Age and distribution: Cenomanian-Campanian, world-wide, intermediate (Russian and Siberian Platforms) and high paleolatitudes (sub-Antarctic, Bering region); Turonian-Santonian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0 and 17.5m (this study).

Plate 4, figure 8; Plate 5, figure 13 Crucella plana PESSAGNO 1971, p. 56, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 32, pl. 7, fig. 9.

Age and distribution: Late Turonian - Coniacian, Yolo Formation, California (Pessagno 1971); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8 and 17.5m. Remarks: Histiastrum tumeniensis of Lipman 1952, p. 36, pl. 12, figs. 2-4 is very similar, but it has a patagium. The specimens with patagium had been observed in the assemblage of an interval 17.5m. In our Tables 3 and 4 they are given under the name Histiastrum tumeniensis Lipman. Genus Cryptamphorella Dumitrica 1970 Cryptamphorella sphaerica (White) sensu Dumitrica

Plate 1, figure 16; Plate 6, figure 11 Hemicryptocapsa sphaerica (White) - PESSAGNO 1963, p. 206, pl. I, fig. 3 pl. 5, figs. 1, 2; text-fig. 4. Cryptamphorella sphaerica (White) - DUMITRICA 1970, p. 82, pl. XII, figs. 73a,b, 74a-c, 75a,b, 77; pl. XX, figs. 133 a,b. – NAKASEKO et al.

11


1979, p. 21, pl. 8, figs 9,10. – OKAMOTO et al. 1994, p. 48, fig. 5, D,E. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 159, pl. 126, fig. 10; pl. 128, fig. 1; pl. 130, fig. 8.

Age and distribution: Lower Campanian of the Caribbean region (Pessagno 1963), Valea Mare, Romania (Dumitrica 1970); Coniacian-Campanian, Japan (Nakaseko et al. 1979); Campanian, Central Java (Okamoto et al. 1994); Santonian through Early Maastrichtian (Hollis and Kimura 2001), Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0 and 16.8m. Genus Cyrtocapsa Haeckel 1881, emend Campbell 1954 Cyrtocapsa campi Campbell and Clark

Plate 3, figures 18, 19 Cyrtocapsa campi CAMPBELL and CLARK 1944, p. 43, pl. 8, figs. 14-17, 20. – HOLLIS 1997, p. 75, pl. 20, figs. 10-13; Stichomitra (?) campi - FOREMAN 1968, p. 75, pl. 8, figs. 3a-c. – JONSON 1974, pl. 1, fig. 11,12. – RENZ 1974, p. 797, pl. 11, fig. 16. – TAKETANI 1982, p. 54, pl. 3, figs. 4a,b; YAMASAKI 1987, pl. 2, fig. 7; Stichomitra campi - HOLLIS 1991, p. 132, pl. 19, figs. 15-18;

Age and distribution: Albian to Paleocene, Southwest Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, California (Hollis 1997). Santonianearly Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village, Southern Russia, well 19A, interval 10.0m. Genus Dictyomitra Zittel 1876, emend Pessagno 1976 Dictyomitra densicostata Pessagno

Plate 6, figure 5; Plate 8, figure 4 Dictyomitra densicostata PESSAGNO 1976, p. 51, pl. 14, figs. 10-14,16. – VISHNEVSKAYA 1986, pl. 1, fig. 1. – VISHNEVSKAYA 1987, p. 58, pl. 10, fig. 7; TUMANDA 1989, p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 5; BRAGINA 1994, text-figs. 2:6-7; ERBACHER 1998, p. 372, pl. 1, fig. 4. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 256, pl. 3, fig. 20; VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 159, pl. 7, fig. 8; pl. 20, fig. 7; pl. 116, fig. 8; pl. 123, fig. 24; pl. 125, fig. 35-38.

Age and distribution: Coniacian-Campanian of California (Pessagno 1976); Russian Pacific Rim (Vishnevskaya 1986, 1987); Coniacian through Early Maastrichtian, Japan (Hollis and Kimura 2001) Santonian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8-10.0m. Dictyomitra sp. aff. D. densicostata Pessagno

Plate 6, figure 4 Age and distribution: Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m.

Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel

Plate 4, figures 2, 3; Plate 5, figures 1, 3, 4; Plate 6, figure 1; Plate 8, figure 6; (?)Dictyomitra multicostata ZITTEL 1876, p. 81, pl. 2, figs. 2-4. Dictyomitra ex gr. multicostata Zittel. – ZHAMOIDA 1972, p. 118, pl. 16, fig. 6, pl. 18, figs. 6,7. non Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel. – O’DOGHERTY 1994, p. 82, pl. 4, figs. 17-19. Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 52, pl. 14, figs. 4-9. – HASHIMOTO and ISHIDA 1997, p. 255, pl. 2, fig. 1. – ERBACHER 1998, p. 372, pl. 1, fig. 5. – BAK 1999a, p. 144, fig. 7 I-K. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 160, pl. 94, fig. 4-6

Age and distribution: Upper Cretaceous. Worldwide. Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8, 17.5m (this study). Genus Euchitonia Ehrenberg 1860 Euchitonia santonica Lipman

Plate 2, figure 1; Plate 4, figure 6; Plate 7, figure 2; Plate 8, figure 10 Euchitonia santonica LIPMAN 1952, pl. 2, fig. 3. – VISHNEVSKAYA 1993, pl. 5, fig. 7; VISHNEVSKAYA 1996, pl. 2, fig. 11. Paronaella communis (Squinabol). – O’DOGHERTY 1994, p. 353, pl. 66, figs. 10-11 (only).

Age and distribution: Coniacian-early Campanian of Caucasus (Vishnevskaya 1993) and the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998). Early Turonian, Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy (O’Dogherty 1994); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 18.0-10.0m. Genus Flustrella Ehrenberg 1838 Flustrella cretacea Campbell and Clark

Plate 2, figure 22 Porodiscus (Trematodiscus) cretaceus CAMPBELL and CLARK 1944, p. 15, pl. 6, fig. 7 Porodiscus kavilkinensis (Aliev). – ALIEV and SMIRNOVA 1965, p. 64, pl. 1, fig. 4, 4a Porodiscus cretaceous Campbell and Clark. – PETRUSHEVSKAYA and KOZLOVA 1972, p. 525, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7. – ATLAS... 1993, p. 47, pl. 19, fig. 8, p. 525, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7 Flustrella cretacea (Campbell and Clark) - HOLLIS 1997, p. 53, pl. 10, figure 10.

Age and distribution: Late Campanian, California (Campbell and Clark 1944); Albian, Vladimir City region (Aliev and Smirnova 1965); Campanian, Yst’-Man’ya, Siberia (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966); Maastrichtian to early Paleocene, Southwest Pacific (Hollis 1997); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8 and 10.0m (this study).

Remarks: This specimen has fewer costae than the holotype. Dictyomitra lamellicostata Foreman

Plate 6, figure 6

Genus Hemicryptocapsa Tan 1927 emend. Dumitrica 1970 Hemicryptocapsa sp.

Plate 5, figure 15 Dictyomitra lamellicostata - FOREMAN 1968, p. 65, pl. 7, fig. 8a, b. – FOREMAN 1978, p. 746, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14;

Age and distribution: Campanian-Maastrichtian, African Coast of the Atlantic Ocean and California (Foreman 1968, 1978). Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8-10.0m.

12

Age and distribution: Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study). Hexadoridium (?) sp.

Plate 3, figure 16


TABLE 3

List of radiolarian taxa from the samples studied.

13


Age and distribution: Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5m (this study).

Genus Lithocampe Ehrenberg 1838 emend Haeckel 1862 Lithocampe marinae Gorbovetz

Plate 2, figure 13 Genus Histiastrum Ehrenberg 1847 Histiastrum aster Lipman

Plate 1, figure 11; Plate 6, figure 13 Histiastrum aster LIPMAN 1952, p. 35, pl. 11, figs. 6-7. – LIPMAN 1962, p. 300, pl. 2, fig. 5; KOZLOVA and GORBOVETZ 1966, p. 84, pl. 3, fig. 9; GOLTMAN 1983, p. 221, pl. XI, fig. 9, pl. XII, fig. 9. – GORKA and GEROCH 1989, p. 187, pl. 3, fig. 5; GORKA 1991, p. 42, pl. 2, fig. 11; URQUHART and BANNER 1994, p. 509, fig. 4, Y. – VISHNEVSKAYA and WEVER 1998, p. 252, pl. 3, fig. 10; VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 163, pl. 95, fig. 4; pl. 125, fig. 11.

Age and distribution: Santonian-Campanian, Kuznetsk area, Penzensk district, Russian Platform (Lipman 1952); SantonianCampanian of Poland (Gorka 1991), Campanian, Cyprus (Urquhart and Banner 1994) and Turonian-Campanian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevkaya and De Wever 1998). Santonian - early Campanian deposits, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5 - 8.8m (this study). Histiastrum aster Lipman morphotype A

Plate 1, figure 12; Plate 7, figure 8 Age and distribution: Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Khotinets Village, well 3, interval 5.0m. Remarks: The holotype has no patagium. Histiastrum crux Lipman

Plate 7, figure 5 Histiastrum crux LIPMAN 1952, p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 4. – GOLTMAN 1983, p. 221, pl. XI, fig. 10; pl. XII, fig. 10;

Lithocampe marinae Gorbovetz – KOZLOVA and GORBOVETZ 1966, p. 118, pl. 5, figs. 10-11. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 257, pl. 3, fig. 22. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 166, pl. 116, fig. 9; Lithocampe sp. aff. L. marinae Gorbovetz. – DUMITRICA 1973, p. 789, pl. 6, fig. 2 ; pl. 8, fig. 7.

Age and distribution: Santonian-Campanian of West Siberia (Kozlova and Gorbovetz 1966); uppermost Cretaceous of Pacific Ocean (Dumitrica 1973); Santonian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study). Genus Lithatractus Haeckel 1887 Lithatractus pusillus (Campbell and Clark)

Plate 4, figure 4 Stylosphaera pusilla CAMPBELL and CLARK 1944, p. 5, pl. 1, figs 2, 4, 5; Druppatractus sp. A - FOREMAN 1977, pl. 1, fig. 3; Elipsoxiphus pusilla (Campbell and Clark). – FOREMAN 1978, p. 743, pl. 2, figs. 9,10,17; Praestylosphaera sp. aff. P. pusilla - EMPSON-MORIN, 1981, p. 262, pl. 4, fig. 6; Lithatractus pusillus (Campbell and Clark). – TAKETANI 1982, p. 48, pl. 1, figs. 8a,b; pl. 9, figs. 5, 6;

Age and distribution: Coniacian-Campanian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, Japan, California (Foreman 1977, 1978; Empson-Morin 1981; Taketani 1982); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m.

Age and distribution: Campanian, Kuznetsk area, Penzensk district, Russian Platform (Lipman 1952); Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study).

Genus Lithostrobus Bütschli 1882

Histiastrum irregularis Lipman

Lithostrobus rostovzevi LIPMAN 1960, p. 133, pl. XXXII, figs. 1-10. – LIPMAN 1962, p. 311, pl. III, figs. 7-12. – KOZLOVA and GORBOVETS 1966, p. 115, pl V, figs. 7-9. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 166, pl. 116, fig. 2;

Plate 2, figure 2; Plate 6, figure 9 Histiastrum irregulare LIPMAN 1952, p. 35, pl. 2, fig. 9.

Age and distribution: Campanian, Kuznetsk area, Penzensk district, Russian Platform (Lipman 1952); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8 and 10.0m (this study). Histiastrum membraniferum Lipman

Plate 7, figure 1 Histiastrum membraniferum LIPMAN 1952, p. 36, pl. 2, fig. 8. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 252, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15, 18, 19; pl. 3, fig. 3. Crucella membraniferum (Lipman). – VISHNEVSKAYA 1993, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5. – VISHNEVSKAYA 1996, pl. 2, figs. 5-8; 2001, p. 163, pl. 114, fig. 5-8; pl. 115, fig. 3;

Age and distribution: Campanian, Kuznetsk area, Penzensk district, (Lipman 1952), Coniacian-Santonian of Moscow basin (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998) both data from the Russian Platform; Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study).

14

Lithostrobus rostovzevi Lipman

Plate 2, figure 11; Plate 7, figure 10

Age and distribution: Coniacian-Campanian of West Siberia (Lipman 1960; Kozlova and Gorbovetz 1966) and Santonian -early Campanian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0-16.8m. Genus Paronaella Pessagno 1971 Paronaella communis Squinabol

Plate 6, figure 8 Spongotripus communis SQUINABOL 1903, p. 123, pl. 9, fig. 7. Paronaella communis (Squinabol). – O’DOGHERTY 1994, p. 353, pl. 66, fig. 16 (only).

Age and distribution: Turonian, Northern Apennines, Italy (O’Dogherty 1994); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m.


TABLE 4

Radiolarian Assemblages characteristic for Santonian and Santonian-Early Campanian deposits of the Voronesh Anticline region.

15


Genus Patulibracchium Pessagno 1971

Remarks: all speciments observed were been broken.

Patulibrachium davisi Pessagno

Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ungulae Pessagno

Plate 2, figure 16, 23

Plate 4, figure 9

Patulibrachium davisi PESSAGNO 1971, p. 30-31, pl. 1, figs. 1-4. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 30, pl. 1, fig. 7; pl. 18, figs. 1-2. – THUROW and KUHNT 1986, p. 436, fig. 9 (17). Patulibrachium petroleumense Pessagno - VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 248, pl. 3, fig. 4.

cf. Patulibracchium ungulae PESSAGNO 1971, p. 44-45, pl. 7, figs. 3-5.

Age and distribution: Lower to Upper Cenomanian, Rotaforma hessi Zone, Fiske Creek Formation (Pessagno 1976). Turonian, Monaco (Thurow and Kuhnt 1986); Coniacian-Campanian (for Patulibrachium petroleumense Pessagno), Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Khotinets Village, well 3, interval 5.0m. Remarks: The drawing of Rhopalastrum attenuatum Lipman (1952, p. 37, pl. 3, fig. 2) is very similar to the image of Patulibrachium davisi Pessagno, but it is difficult to decide whether they are synonyms or not, without seeing the holotype of R. attenuatum. Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ruesti Pessagno

Plate 5, figure 11 cf. Patulibracchium ruesti PESSAGNO 1971, p. 38, pl. 6, fig. 7; pl. 8, figs. 1-4.

Age and distribution (of Patulibracchium ruesti): Late TuronianConiacian, Yolo Formation, California (Pessagno 1971); Coniacian, Alievium praegallowayi Zone, Marsh Creek Yolo and Sites Formations (Pessagno 1976). (of Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ruesti): Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study).

Age and distribution (of Patulibracchium ungulae): Middle Turonian-Coniacian, Yolo Formation, California (Pessagno 1971); Coniacian, Alievium praegallowayi Zone, (Marsh Creek) Yolo and Sites Formations (Pessagno 1976), (of Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ungulae): Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0 m (this study). Remarks: The specimens we observed had no main long spine at the end of its rays. Genus Pentinastrum Haeckel 1881 Pentinastrum subbotinae Lipman

Plate 2, figure 3; Plate 6, figure 12 Pentinastrum subbotinae Lipman - GLAZUNOVA et al. 1960, p. 132, pl. XXX, figs. 6-7. – LIPMAN 1962, p. 306, pl. II, figs. 7.

Age and distribution: Coniacian-Campanian, Tuymen (Glazunova et al. 1960); Late Coniacian-Santonian, Volgograd City area (Bragina et al. 1999); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8 and 8.8m. Genus Pessagnobrachia Kozur and Mostler 1978 Pessagnobrachia sp. aff. P. fabianii Squinabol

Plate 1, figure 22; Plate 7, figure 6 cf. Rhopalastrum fabianii SQUINABOL 1914, p. 274, pl. 21, fig. 4. Rhopalastrum ingens LIPMAN 1952, p. 36, pl. 3, fig. 1.

PLATE 1 Transmitted light photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 16.8m, Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village; scale A = 100µm

1 Artostrobus sp. aff. A. microtheca Ehrenberg

12 Histiastrum aster Lipman morphotype A

2 Theocapsomma sp. aff. T. amphora Campbell and

13 Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Pessagno

Clark 3 Theocapsomma amphora Campbell and Clark 4 Theocampe ex gr. T. apicata Foreman 5 Eucyrtis (?) sp. 6 Theocampe lispa Foreman 7,8 Amphipyndax mediocris Tan 9 Cenosphaera sp. 10 Spongodisciidae gen. sp. indet. 11 Histiastrum aster Lipman

16

14 Spongopyle insolita Kozlova 15

Spongodiscus volgensis Lipman

16 Cryptamphorella sphaerica (White) 17 Eucyrtidiidae gen. sp. indet. 18 Squinabolella (?) sp. 19,20 Praeconocaryomma universa Pessagno 21 Stylodictya delicatula Lipman 22 Pessagnobrachia sp. aff. P. fabianii (Squinabol)

Irina Popova-Goll et al.

micropaleontology, vol. 51, no. 1, 2005

Plate 1

17


Patulibracchium cf. P. teslaensis Pessagno - MARCUCCI-PASSERINI and GARDIN 1992, p. 554, fig. 4 (j). Pessagnobrachia fabianii (Squinabol) - O’DOGHERTY 1994, p. 359, pl. 67, figs. 20, 21, 23-25.

Age and distribution: (of Pessagnobrachia fabianii) Albian Turonian (O’Dogherty 1994); Santonian - Campanian (MarcucciPasserini and Gardin 1992); (of Pessagnobrachia sp. aff. P. fabianii): Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study). Remarks: this species had previously been observed in fragments only.

8 - P. inokovkus) and by spongy structure and conical shape of the polar spine’s basements in P. inokovkus. Dimensions (in µm): Shell diameter: 250-300, diameter of the first inner shell: 25-30, distance between shells vary from 5-7 (subsurface chambers) to 10-15 (central) Age and distribution: Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5 - 18.0m. Material: Five specimens. The holotype is stored at the Geology and Geophysics Department of the Texas A & M University, U.S.A. Remarks: The image of Spongodiscus sp. (Bragina et al. 1999, p. 498, pl. II, fig. 2) is look similar to P. inokovkus.

Genus Phacostylus Haeckel 1887 Phacostylus inokovkus Popova *

Plate 6, figures. 8, 9

* Description and figures are the same as in Popova (2000).

Phacostylus inokovkus POPOVA 2000, p. 60, figs. 1, 2

Phacostylus sp. morphotype A

Plate 4, figure 14

Description: The test is large, the outline of shell is round, lentil-like, bearing two polar spines, and slightly asymmetrical in relation to an axe of a main spines. Inside it is subdivided into 5-6 (rarely 7-8) lattice shells, connected by numerous ray-like spines. One is visibly larger then the other. The outer shell is smooth, perforated by small round pores; in transmitted light the bottom part of each polar spine is spongy and surrounded by short and thin needles.

Age and distribution: Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5 - 18.0m. Remarks: we observed only one specimen in our collection and this latter had no second polar spine. Genus Porodiscus Haeckel 1882 Porodiscus vulgaris Lipman

Comparison: It differs from Phacostylus amphistylus Haeckel (1887, p. 430, pl. 31, fig. 12), P. vicinus Kozlova (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966, p. 69, pl. XI, fig. 3), P. ovechkini Lipman (1967, p. 96, pl. III, figs. 1-3) P. acutus Lipman (1967, p. 96, pl. III, fig. 4-6) by a number of lattice shells (3 - P. amphistylus et al. and 5 to

Plate 2, figure 6 Porodiscus vulgaris LIPMAN 1952, p. 32, pl. 1, fig. 18. – GLAZUNOVA et al. 1960, p. 124, pl. 27, figs. 6-10. – LIPMAN 1962, p. 288, pl. 1, figs. 4a,b; 5. – KOZLOVA and GORBOVETS 1966, p. 77, pl. 2, figs. 4-6.

PLATE 2 Transmitted light photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 16.8m, Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village; scales A, B = 100µm

1 Euchitonia santonica Lipman

11 Lithostrobus rostovzevi Lipman

2 Histiastrum irregularis Lipman

12 Artostrobus sp. aff. A. microtheca Ehrenberg

3 Pentinastrum sp. aff. P. subbotinae Lipman

13 Lithocampe cf. L. marinae Gorbovets

4 Staurodictya (?) sp.

14 Amphipyndax mediocris Tan

5 Ultranapora (?) sp. 6 Porodiscus vulgaris Lipman 7 Cromyodruppa concentrica Lipman 8 Spongodiscid gen. et sp. indet., well 3, near the Khotonets Village, interval 10.0m, scale B 9 Theocapsomma brevithorax Dumitrica 10 Spongopyle insolita Kozlova

15,19 Praeconocaryomma cf. P. lipmanae Pessagno, well 19 A, interval 10.0m 16,23 Patulibracchium cf. P. davisi Pessagno, well 3, near

Khotinets Village, interval 5.0 m; fig. 23 - scale B 17 Spiromultitunica (?) sp. 18 Cromyodruppa sp. aff. C. concentrica Lipman 20,21 Bathropyramis (?) sp. 22 Flustrella cretacea Campbell and Clark

18



Plate 2

19


Age and distribution: Upper Cretaceous of Russia (Lipman 1952, 1960, 1962, 1967), Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8-10.0m (this study).

108, fig. 9, 4) the comparison with those from Voronesh Anticline region was done according to their formal resemblance. Praeconocaryomma universa Pessagno

Plate 1, figure 19, 20; Plate 6, figure 14 Genus Praeconocaryomma Pessagno 1976 Praeconocaryomma universa PESSAGNO 1976, p. 42, pl. 6, figs. 14-16. – TAKETANI 1982, p. 47, pl. 1, figs. 3a-4. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 179, pl. 21, fig. 3; pl. 24, fig. 1; pl. 97, fig. 1; pl. 113, fig. 5; pl. 125, fig. 1,2; pl. 126, fig. 1.

Praeconocaryomma californiaensis Pessagno

Plate 3, figures 5, 6; Plate 6, figure 10 Praeconocaryomma californiaensis PESSAGNO 1976, p. 41, pl. 7, figs. 1-8. – TAKETANI 1982, p. 47, pl. 1, figs. 2a-c.

Age and distribution: Coniacian-middle Campanian, Yolo, Sites and Marsh Creek Formations, California (Pessagno 1976); Late Coniacian-Santonian, Volgograd City area (Bragina et al. 1999); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0-8.8m (this study). Praeconocaryomma cf. P. lipmanae Pessagno

Plate 2, figures 15, 19 cf. Praeconocaryomma lipmanae PESSAGNO 1976, p. 41, pl. 4, figs. 12-13. – TAKETANI 1982, p. 47, pl. 9, fig. 3.

Age and distribution: Upper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian upper part of the Fiske Creek Formation, Venado Formation, and Marsh Creek Formation, California (Pessagno 1976); Santonianearly Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study). Remarks: The drawing of Cenosphaera mammilata Lipman (1952, p. 28, pl. 1, figure 3,4) is very similar to image of Praeconocaryomma lipmanae Pessagno, but it is difficult to decide whether they are synonyms or not, without an examination of their holotypes. P. cf. P. lipmanae was discovered in Pieniny Succession of Polish Carpathians (Bak 1999b), but because of its poor preservation (p.

Age and distribution: Upper Cenomanian to Lower Turonian upper part of the Fiske Creek Formation; Venado Formation, and Marsh Creek Formation, California (Pessagno 1976); Coniacian through Early Maastrichtian (Hollis and Kimura 2001). Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0-8.0m (this study). Remarks: P. universa was discovered in the Pieniny Succession of Polish Carpathians (Bak 1999b), but because of its poor preservation (p. 108, fig.9, 5) the correlation with the ones from Voronesh Anticline region was made according to their formal resemblance. Praeconocaryomma cf. P. vivenkensis (Lipman)

Plate 5, figure 9 cf. Cromyosphaera vivenkensis - LIPMAN 1967, p. 92-93, pl. 1, figs. 1-9; pl. 2, figs 1-4. – ZHAMOIDA 1972, p. 103-104, pl. 14, fig. 1; pl. 15, figs. 2-3; pl. 17, figs. 7-9, pl. 19, figs. 2 a, b. – VISHNEVSKAYA 1987, p. 43, pl. 1, figs. 1-6; 1997, fig. 5a, 15.

Age and distribution: Late Cretaceous-Paleogene, northern Kamchatka (Vishnevskaya 1987); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, intervals 8.8 and 17.5m (this study). Remarks: broken specimen.

PLATE 3 Transmitted light photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 10.0m (except 9, 10), Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village; scales A, B = 100µm.

1 Triactoma (?) sp. 2 Xitus asymbatos (Foreman)

12 Amphipyndax mediocris Tan

3 Staurodictya sp. aff. S. densa Kozlova

14 Actinomiidae gen. et sp. indet., scale B

4 Phacostylus (?) sp.

15 Lithelius sp.

5,6 Praeconocaryomma californiaensis Pessagno

16 Alievium (?) sp.

7,8 Dictyomitra lamellicostata Foreman

17 Theocapsomma sp. aff. T. amphora Campbell and

9 Archaeospongoprunum salumi Pessagno, interval

16.8 m 10 Archaeospongoprunum cf. A. bipartitum Pessagno,

interval 16.8 m

20

11,13 Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark)

Clark 18,19 Cyrtocapsa campi Campbell and Clark



Plate 3

21


Genus Pseudoaulophacus Pessagno 1963, emend. Pessagno 1972

Genus Spongodiscus Ehrenberg 1854

Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Pessagno

Spongdiscus volgensis Lipman

Plate 1, figure 13; Plate 8, figure 11

Plate 1, figure 15

Pseudoaulophacus floresensis PESSAGNO 1963, p. 200, pl. 2, figs. 2, 5; pl. 4, fig. 6, pl. 7, figs. 1, 5. – FOREMAN 1971, p. 1675, pl. 2, fig. 6. – PESSAGNO 1972, p. 309-310, pl. 27, figs. 2-6. – MOORE 1973, p. 824, pl. 12, fig. 2,3. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 28, pl. 9, fig. 6. – OKAMURA 1980, pl. 23, fig. 3. – YAMAUCHI 1982, pl. 3, fig. 4. – OKAMURA et al. 1984, p. 100, pl. 15, fig. 8. – SANFILIPPO and RIEDEL 1985, p. 595, figs. 6.3a-b. – YAMASAKI 1987, pl. 2, fig. 21. – GORKA 1989, p. 336, pl. 10, fig. 6. – BAK 1999a, p. 143, fig. 4 K-M. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 180, pl. 18, fig. 3; pl. 98, fig. 7.

Spongdiscus volgensis LIPMAN 1952, p. 38, pl. III, fig. 4. – GLAZUNOVA et al. 1960, p. 133, pl. XXX1, figs. 1-4; LIPMAN 1962, p. 308, pl. III, figs. 2, 3; KOZLOVA and GORBOVETS 1966, p. 86, pl. IV, figs. 6, 7.

Age and distribution: Turonian-Coniacian (rarely up to Campanian) of California, Cuba (Pessagno 1976); SantonianCampanian of Japan (Okamura et al. 1982; Yamasaki 1987; Iwata et al 1992; Takahashi and Ishii 1997; Hashimoto and Ishida 1997; Hollis and Kimura 2001); Campanian through Maastrichtian (Sanfilippo and Riedel 1989); Coniacian-early Campanian of the Russian Platform; Turonian-Santonian of Bering Sea region of Russia (Vishnevskaya 1987); Coniacian of Sakhalin (ATLAS...1993); Turonian of Caucasus (Vishnevskaya 1993); Uppermost Maastrichtian, Magura nappe, Czech Outer Carpathians (Bak 1999a); Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5m (this study). Pseudoaulophacus cf. P. venadoensis Pessagno

Plate 4, figure 10, 11 cf. Pseudoaulophacus venadoensis PESSAGNO 1972, p. 311-312, pl. 28, figs. 1-3. – PESSAGNO 1976, p. 29, pl. 5, fig. 12. – VISHNEVSKAYA 2001, p. 182, pl. 18, fig. 4;

Age and distribution (of Pseudoaulophacus venadoensis): Turonian, Venado Formation (Pessagno 1972); Coniacian Santonian, Yolo, Sites, Funks, Guinda, Marsh Creek and Budden Canyon Formations (Pessagno 1976); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m. Remarks: This species differs from the holotype by the absence of a keel.

Age and distribution: Coniacian-Campanian, Russian Platform, Tuymen (Lipman 1952; Glazunova et al. 1960); Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study). Spongopyle Dreyer 1889 Spongopyle insolita Kozlova

Plate 1, figure 14; Plate 2, figure 10 Spongopyle insolita Kozlova in KOZLOVA and GORBOVETS 1966, p. 91, pl. IV, fig. 11 a, b. – SCHAAF 1981, p. 439, pl. 17, figs. 7,8 Spongopyle cf. S. insolita HOLLIS 1997, p. 51, pl. 10, fig. 9.

Age and distribution: Campanian, Western Siberia (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966); Albian, Hess Rise, sites 465, 466 (Schaaf 1981); Paleocene, North Atlantic (Nishimura 1992); Campanian, southwest Pacific (Hollis 1997); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5 and 10.0m (this study). Spongotripus Haeckel 1881 Spongotripus aculeatus Lipman

Plate 7, figure 4 Spongotripus aculeatus LIPMAN 1952, p. 39, pl. II, fig. 16.

Age and distribution: Turonian-Coniacian of Russian Plate (Lipman 1952); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study).

PLATE 4 Transmitted light photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 10.0m (except 12-14, interval 17.5m), Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village; scales A, B = 100µm.

1 Archaeospongoprunum salumi Pessagno 2,3 Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel

4 Lithatractus pusillus Campbell and Clark 5 Archaeospongoprunum bipartitum Pessagno 6 Euchitonia santonica Lipman 7 Pentinastrum subbotinae Lipman 8 Crucella plana Pessagno

22

9 Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ungulae Pessagno 10,11 Pseudoaulophacus cf. P. venadoensis Pessagno, fig.

11 scale B 12 Alievium gallowayi (White) s.l., interval 17.5m,

Santonian 13 Crucella messinae Pessagno, interval 17.5m,

Santonian 14 Phacostylus sp., interval 17.5m, Santonian



Plate 4

23


Staurodictya Haeckel 1881, emend. Kozlova (Koslova and Gorbovets 1966)

Stichomitra carnegiense Campbell and Clark

Staurodictya sp. aff. S. densa Kozlova

Stichomitra carnegiense CAMPBELL and CLARK,1944, p. 42, pl. 8, figs. 36, 37. – HOLLIS 1997, p. 78, pl. 19, figs. 7-12.

Plate 3, figure 3 cf. Staurodictya densa Kozlova. – KOZLOVA and GORBOVETS 1966, p. 79, pl. XIII, figs. 1, 2

Age and distribution (of Staurodictya densa): Late Eocene, Kurgan-Lebyashie, well 25-K, Western Siberia (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966); (of Staurodictya sp. aff. S. densa) Santonianearly Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study). Remarks. The holotype has one level less in its spiral chambered lattice shell and its disc is therefore thicker than it is in specimens from the Russian Platform. Some specimens we observed were look similar to Staurodictya (?) sp. (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966, pl. 4, fig. 2) described from Campanian deposits of Yst-Mania, Western Siberia. Stichomitra Cayeux 1897

Plate 6, figs. 3, 5

Age and distribution: Late Campanian – Early Maastrichtian of Japan (Hollis and Kimura 2001), Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5m (this study). Stylodictya Ehrenberg 1847, emend Kozlova (Kozlova and Gorbovets 1966) Stylodictya delicatula Lipman

Plate 1, figure 21 Stylodictya delicatula LIPMAN 1952, p. 33, pl. 1, figs. 19-20.

Age and distribution: Turonian-Coniacian of Russian Plate (Lipman 1952). Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study). Stylotrochus Haeckel 1862

Stichomitra bertrandi Cayeux Stylotrochus polygonatus Campbell and Clark

Plate 8, figure 1 Stichomitra bertrandi CAYEUX 1897, p. 204, pl. 8, fig. 69. – HOLLIS 1997, p. 77, pl. 20, figs. 6-9. Stichomitra compsa Foreman - FOREMAN 1968, p. 72, pl. 5, fig. 3. – DUMITRICA 1973, p. 789, pl. 1, fig. 4; pl. 8, fig. 6. – FOREMAN 1978, p. 748, pl. 8, fig. 8a,b. – KOZLOVA 1984, table 1; STRONG et al. 1995, p. 205. ?Stichomitra communis Squinabol - TAKETANI 1982, p. 54, pl. 3, fig. 9; pl. 11, fig. 5. – IWATA and TAJIKA 1986, pl. 1, fig. 6. – IWATA et al. 1992, pl. 5, figs 10, 11. – BRAGINA 1999, p. 47, fig. 2.8

Age and distribution: Late Cretaceous, France (Cayeux 1897); Widely distributed in the Late Cretaceous, also possibly occurs in Paleocene in California, Hokkaido, Volga region; in south-west Pacific it ranges from Maastrichtian to early Paleocene (Hollis 1997); Early Campanian of Japan (Hollis and Kimura 2001), Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5m (this study).

Plate 5, figure 16 Stylotrochus (Stylotrochiscus) polygonatus CAMPBELL and CLARK 1944, p. 19, pl. 5, figs. 2,10,11.

Age and distribution: Coniacian-Maastrichtian of California (Campbell and Clark 1944); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study). Genus Thanarla Pessagno 1977 Thanarla veneta Squinabol

Plate 7, figure 7 Phormocyrtis veneta - SQUINABOL 1903, p. 134, pl. 9, fig. 30. Thanarla veneta (Squinabol) - O’DOGHERTY 1994, p. 92, pl. 6, figs. 1-4.

PLATE 5 SEM photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 8.8m, Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village.

1,3,4 Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel 2 Dictyomitra lamellicostata Foreman,

11 Patulibracchium sp. aff. P. ruesti Pessagno

5 Gorgansium sp.

12 Triactiscus triacuminatus Lipman

6 Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark),

13 Crucella plana Pessagno

7 Amphipyndax sp.aff. A. stocki (Campbell and Clark),

14 Archaeospongoprunum cf. A. salumi Pessagno

morphotype A 8 Histiastrum aster Lipman 9 Praeconocaryomma cf. P. vivenkensis (Lipman)

24

10 Actinomma davisensis Pessagno

15 Hemicryptocapsa sp. 16 Stylotrochus polygonatus Campbell and Clark



Plate 5

25


Age and distribution: Albian - Late Turonian, Northern Apennines, Italy (O’Dogherty 1994); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study). Genus Theocampe Haeckel 1887 emend. Burma 1959 Theocampe sp. ex gr. T. apicata Foreman

Plate 1, figure 4 cf. Theocampe apicata Foreman. – FOREMAN 1971, p. 1679, pl. 4, fig. C.

Age and distribution (of Theocampe apicata): Atlantic Ocean, Campanian-Maastrichtian (Foreman 1978). Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study). Remarks: The shape of shell is not triangular and it is different from the holotype, but it looks like Theocapsomma apicata Foreman (1978, p. 745, pl. 5, fig. 28). Theocampe lispa Foreman

Plate 1, figure 6 Theocapsomma lispa FOREMAN 1968, p. 746, pl. 5, fig. 29.

Theocapsomma sp. aff. T. amphora Campbell and Clark

Plate 1, figure 2; Plate 3, figure 17 Age and distribution: Santonian - early Campanian, Chernetovskaya Formation, Southern Russia, Khotinets Village, well 3, interval 5.0m; Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 10.0m (this study). Remarks: This specimen differs from the holotype by its cylindric-like shape and smaller size of the third segment. Theocapsomma sp. aff. T. brevithorax Dumitrica Plate 2, figure 9 cf. Diacanthocapsa brevithorax DUMITRICA 1970, p. 62, pl. VII, fig. 41.

Age and distribution (of T. brevithorax): Cenomanian (Podu Dimbovitei), very rare in lower Campanian (Valea Mare, Covasna district) (Dumitrica 1970); Albian-Coniacian, Japan (Nakaseko et al. 1979); Albian-Cenomanian, Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy (O’Dogherty 1994); Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study).

Age and distribution: Atlantic Ocean, Campanian-Maastrichtian (Foreman 1978). Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8m (this study).

Remarks: no costae-like surface structure observed.

Genus Theocapsomma Haeckel 1887 emend. Foreman 1968

Triactiscus triacuminatus Lipman

Genus Triactiscus Haeckel 1881 Plate 5, figure 12

Theocapsomma amphora Campbell and Clark

Plate 1, figure 3; Plate 7, figure 11 Theocapsa (Theocapsomma) amphora CAMPBELL and CLARK 1944, p. 35, pl. 7, figs. 30, 31.

Age and distribution (for T. amphora): Campanian to Paleocene, California, Atlantic and Southwest Pacific Oceans (Hollis 1997). Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Khotinets Village, well 3, interval 5.0m; Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 16.8-8.8m (this study).

Triactiscus triacuminatus - LIPMAN 1952, p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 17. Euchitonia triradiata LIPMAN 1960, p. 302, pl. 2, figs. 1-2. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 253, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Age and distribution: Santonian-Campanian of Kyznetsk area, Penzensk district of West Siberia (Lipman 1952, 1960) and Coniancian-Santonian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 8.8m (this study).

PLATE 6 SEM photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 8.8 - 10.0m, Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village.

1 Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel (interval 8.8m) 2,3 Xitus asymbatos Foreman (interval 10.0m) 4 Dictyomitra sp. aff. D. densicostata Pessagno (inter-

val 10.0m)

10 Praeconocaryomma californiaensis Pessagno (inter-

val 8.8m) 11 Cryptamphorella sphaerica (White) (interval 10.0m)

5 Dictyomitra. densicostata Pessagno (interval 10.0m)

12 Pentinastrum subbotinae Lipman (interval 8.8m)

6 Dictyomitra. lamellicostata Foreman (interval

13 Histiastrum aster Lipman (interval 8.8m)

10.0m) 7 Histiastrum sp. (fragment of ray) (interval 8.8m) 8 Paronaella communis (Squinabol) (interval 10.0m)

26

9 Histiastrum irregularis Lipman (interval 10.0m)

14 Praeconocaryomma universa Pessagno (interval

8.8m)



Plate 6

27


Genus Xitus Pessagno 1977 Xitus asymbatos (Foreman)

Plate 2, figure 2; Plate 6, figures 2, 3 Stichomitra asymbatos FOREMAN 1968, p. 73, pl. 8, figs. 10a-c. – RIEDEL and SANFILIPPO 1974, p. 780, pl. 10, figs. 1-4, pl. 15, fig. 5. – YAMAUCHI 1982, p. 397, pl. 5, fig. 8. – IWATA and TAJIKA 1986, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12; GORKA 1989, p. 345, pl. 13, figs. 1,2; BASOV and VISHNEVSKAYA 1991, pl. 20, figs. 1,2; VISHNEVSKAYA 1992, pl. 4, fig. 17; pl. 6, fig. 15; ATLAS... 1993, pl. 22, fig. 5. – VISHNEVSKAYA and DE WEVER 1998, p. 257, pl. 1, figs. 11-13. – ISHIDA and HASHIMOTO 1998, p. 225, pl. 2, fig. 4. Xitus ( ?) asymbatos (Foreman) - IWATA and KATO 1986, text.-fig. 4-1.

Age and distribution: Late Cretaceous throughout the world; Sites 460, 461, 466 in the Pacific Ocean, (Basov and Vishnevskaya 1991); California (Foreman 1968); Caucasus, Russian Pacific Rim (Vishnevskaya 1993); Coniacian-Santonian of the Russian Platform, Moscow basin (Vishnevskaya and De Wever 1998); Santonian-early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Russian Platform, Inokovka Village, well 19A, interval 17.5 - 10.0m (this study). Xitus sp. aff. X. asymbatos (Foreman)

Plate 6, figure 15 Description: The shell is multi segmented (6-7 segments), subconical, finely porous, often with an apical spine. Nodes or knobs on the surface create ornamentation in the form of a two-layered wall characteristic of of the genus Xitus. Age and distribution: Campanian (Kling 1981); ConiacianSantonian of the Russian Platform (Vishnevskaya 1997); Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Southern Russia, Khotinets Village, well 3, interval 5.0m. Remarks: X. sp. aff. X. asymbatos differs from the holotype by the length of its segments, they are more elongated and more numerous. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We gratefully acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation for support of this investigation under grant 07SUPJ048420 and grant “Foundation du 450ème Anniversaire”, University of Lausanne. Our gratitude goes to official

reviewers Drs. Chris Hollis, Elsbeth Urquhart and Akiko Nishimura for their comments and suggestions, which very much helped us to improve the content of this article. Cordial thanks to Prof. Dr. Marta Marcucci, Drs. Paulian Dumitrica, Robert Goll and Tom Olszewski for encouraging discussions about our work. We are thankful Dr. Svetlana Tochilina and Valentina Shokyrova for providing us with the samples. REFERENCES ABBASOV A.B., 1987. Kompleksy radiolaiy Cenomana yugo-vostoka Bol’shogo Kavkaza (Radiolarian assemblages in the Cenomanian of the southeastern Greater Caucasus. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nayk Azerbaidjanskoi SSR, Baku, 41-45 (in Russian). ———, 1990. Kompleksy radiolaiy opornikh razrezov verkhnego Malogo Kavkaza i ikh sootnoshenie s assotsiatsiyami radiolariyevykh zon okeanov i kontinentov (Radiolarian assemblages from the key-sections of the Upper Cretaceous of the Lesser Caucasus and their correlation with those of oceanic and continental zones). Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nayk Azerbaidjanskoi SSR. Baku, 89-92 (in Russian). AITA, Y., OGATA, K., MURAKAMI, H., SHIMAMURA, K. and SAKAI, T., 1997. Late Cretaceous and Eocene radiolarians from the Goshoura and Maki-shima Islands, Amakusa, Kumamoto, Japan. Proceedings of the Fifth Radiolaria Symposium. News of Osaka Micropaleontologists, Special Volume 10: 267-283 ALEKSEEV A.S., OLFERIEV A.G., SCHIK S.M., 1995. Legend for the Unified Stratigraphical Schemes of the Upper Cretaceous East European Platform deposits. MP Devon. St. Petersburg: 1-58 (in Russian). ALIEV, K.S., and SMIRNOVA, O., 1965. Radiolarii nizhnemelovikh otlozhenii Severo-Vostochnogo Azerbaidzhana i ikh stratigraficheskoe znachenie. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nayk Azerbaidjanskoi SSR. Baku, 124 p. (in Russian). ALIYULLA, K., AZIZBEKOVA, A. and ABBASOV, A.B., 1988. Zonal’naya stratigraphia verkhemelovikh otlosheniy yugo-vostochnogo okonchaniya Bol’shogo Kavkaza po foraminiferam i radiolariyam (Zonal stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the southestern end of Greater Caucasus, according to foraminifers and radiolarians). Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nayk Azerbaidjanskoi SSR, Seria Nayk o Zemle, Baku 4: 47-53 (in Russian).

PLATE 7 SEM photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 10.0m, Santonian - early Campanian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village.

1 Histiastrum membraniferum Lipman 2 Euchitonia santonica Lipman 3 Spongotripus sp.

8,12 Crucella cf. C. irwini Pessagno 9 Pessagnobrachia (?) sp.

4 Spongotripus aculeatus Lipman

10 Lithostrobus rostovzevi Lipman

5 Histiastrum crux Lipman

11 Theocapsomma amphora Campbell and Clark

6 Pessagnobrachia sp. aff. P. fabianii (Squinabol)

28

7 Thanarla veneta Squinabol



Plate 7

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———, ABBASOV, A.B., AZIZBEKOVA, A., EFENDIYEVA, E.N., SHAKHBASOVA, V.G., MAMEDALIZADE, A.M. and GUSEYNOV, A.N., 1991. Novyye dannyye o stratigrafii opornogo verkhnemelovogo razreza Gyulistan (Malyy Kavkaz). (New stratigraphic data from the Upper Cretaceous section of Gyulistan, Lesser Caucasus). Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nayk Azerbaidjanskoi SSR, Seria Nayk o Zemle, Baku, 5-6: 74-79 (in Russian). AMON, E.O., 1990. The characters of Cenomanian radiolarian assemblages of Uiata Suite from Zauralie. Radiolarians in biostratigraphy. Sverdlovsk: 59-70 (in Russian). ———, 1993. Cretaceous radiolaria of the Urals. In: Blueford, J., and Murchey, B., Eds., Radiolaria of giant and subgiant fields in Asia. New York: Micropaleontology Press, Special Publication, 6: 66-72. AMON, E.O. and PAPULOV, G.N. 1985. On the biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous on the Synya River (in the subpolar part of the Transuralian region). Soviet Geology and Geophysics, 26 (2): 112-115. AMON, E.O., and DE WEVER P., 1994. Upper Cretaceous Biostratigraphy of the Borders of the Ural belt: West Siberia and Eastern Volga-Ural Basins. Peri-Tethyan Platforms. Paris: Technip Editions 229-262. ATLAS OF CRETACEOUS KEY TAXA FROM SAKHALIN., 1993. Nedra, St-Petersburg 327 p. (in Russian). BAK, M., 1999a. Uppermost Maastrichtian radiolaria from the Magura Nappe Deposits, Czech Outer Carpathians. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 69: 137-159. ———, 1999b. Cretaceous radiolaria from the Pieniny Succession, Pieniny klippen Belt, Polish Carpathians. Geology of the Pieniny Klippen Belt and the Tatra mountains, Carpatians. Studia Geologica Polonica 115: 91-115. BASOV, I.A. and VISHNEVSKAYA V.S., 1991. Stratigraphy of Upper Mesozoic of Pacific. Nauka, Moscow, 200 p.(in Russian). BAUMGARTNER, P.O., 1984a. A Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous low-latitude radiolarian zonation based on Unitary Associations and

age of Tethyan radiolarites. Eclogae Geologica Helvetae 7 (3): 729-837. ———, 1984b. El complego ofiolitico de Nicoya (Costa-Rica): modelos estructurales analizados en function de las edades de los radiolarios (Calloviense a Santoniense). Manual de Geologia de Costa-Rica: Estratigrafia. University de Costa Rica 1: 115-123. BAUMGARTNER, P.O., ARIAS, O.A., POPOVA, I.M., CARON, M., and WERNLI, R., 2000. Radiolarian and Foraminiferal biostratigraphic data from Herradura block (central Costa-Rica). Abstracts of InterRad IX Meeting. Blairsden, CA, United States: 17. BERGSTRESSER, T., 1983. Radiolaria from the Upper Cretaceous pierre Shale, Colorado, Kansas, Wyoming. Journal of Paleontology, 57 (5): 877-882. BLOME, C.D. and IRWIN, W.P., 1985. Equivalent radiolarian ages from ophiolitic terrains of Cyprus and Oman. Geology 13: 401-404. BRAGINA, L.G., 1991a. Radiolaria in the Santonian-Campanian (Bystrinskaya Suite) deposits of the northwestern Kamchatka. Izvestiya Akademm Nauk SSSR, Seria Geologicheskaya, Moscow 7: 129-136 (in Russian). ———, 1991b. Late Campanian-Maastichtian radiolarians of the Shikotan Island. Paleontological and stratigraphic investigation of the Phanerozoic in the Far East; results of radiolarian analysis for mapping. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Vladivostok: 129-136 (in Russian). ———, 1994. Radiolaria and stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Khotkovian Seria of Moscow Region. Bulletain Moskovskogo Obshestva Ispitatelei Prirodi, Geologicheskoe Otdelenie, Moscow 69(2): 91-100 (in Russian). ———, 1999. New locality of the Campanian radiolarians in Southwestern Sakhalin. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 7(4): 356-363. BRAGINA, L.G. and BRAGIN N. Y., 1996. Stratigrafia i radiolarii stratotipicheskogo razreza formatsii Parapedi verkhnego mela Kipra (Stratigraphy and radiolaria from the stratotype section of the Upper

PLATE 8 SEM photomicrographs of radiolarians from well 19A, interval 17.5m, Santonian, Kirsanovskaya Stratum, Inokovka Village; scale A, for all except 14 - scale B.

1 Stichomitra bertrandi Cayeux

11 Pseudoaulophacus floresensis Pessagno

2 Amphipyndax stocki (Campbell and Clark)

12 Hemicryptocapsa (?) sp.

3,5 Stichomitra carnegiense Campbell and Clark 4 Dictyomitra densicostata Pessagno

14 Ultranapora (?) sp., scale B

6 Dictyomitra multicostata Zittel

15 Xitus sp. aff. X. asymbatos (Foreman)

7 Polysolenia sp.

16 Theocapsomma (?) sp.

8,9 Phacostylus inokovkus Popova

10 Euchitonia santonica Lipman

30

13 Acaeniotyle (?) sp.

17 Conocaryomma (?) sp.



Plate 8

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Cretaceous Parapedi Formation, Cyprus). Stratigrafiya i Geologicheskaya Korrelatsia 4(3): 38-45 (in Russian).

Colloquium, Romania, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Bucurest: 87-89.

BRAGINA, L.G., BENIAMOVSKY V.N. and ZASTROZHNOV A.C., 1999. Radiolarii, foraminifera i stratigrafia verchnemelovich otlozheniy pravoberezhia Volgogradskogo Povolzhia. Stratigraphia i Geologicheskaya Korrelatsia 7(5): 84-92 (in Russian).

EHRENBERG, C.G. 1838. Über die Bildung der Kreidefelsen und des Kreidemergels durch unsichtbare Organismen. Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Abhandlung: 59-147.

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