Urban parks as leisure settings

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José V. Pestana, Ángela Castrechini & Núria Codina. Universitat de Barcelona. JOAN MIRÓ PARK. District: Eixample. Address: C/Tarragona, 74. Entrances: ...
Urban parks as leisure settings: Perception and use in three parks from Barcelona Parchi urbani come impostazioni di tempo libero: Percezione e l'uso di tre parchi da Barcellona José V. Pestana, Ángela Castrechini & Núria Codina Universitat de Barcelona

OCIO GUNE NETWORK

[email protected]

Rimini, September 2012

introduction

Parks are public spaces that converge multiple types of individuals and groups. Different uses and experiences generate different types of perceptions and assessments of these spaces. Research question: What are the uses and experiences in urban parks with a high frequency of visit and a heterogeneous social composition? General objective: Identify relationships between subjective variables, social and environmental factors that influence the valuation and uses of parks as leisure settings

ESTACIÓ DEL NORD PARK

methodology Variables: • Frequency of visit • Time devoted to visit the park • Activities performed • Space valuation and • General satisfaction

District: Eixample Address: C/Almogàvers, 27-61 Entrances: C/Almogàvers, Sardenya, Nàpols & Lepant Area: 3.16 hectares Timetable: 10:00-22:00h Park facilities: Children’s playgrounds; sport courts; ping-pong tables; pipican; bicycle parking

Data collection: When? • Mornings and afternoons, week and weekends Where? • Inside and outside the parks Who? • 3 interviewers (1 per park)

Sample selection: 3 urban parks: Joan Miró, Pegaso & Estació del Nord

Schedule: May 1st to July 3rd

Sample: n= 300 visitors 100 visitors/park

Table 1. Prevalence (%) of Gender and Age according to Parks

Table 2. Prevalence (%) of Frequency of visits and Time spent according to Parks

Parks

Parks

PEGASO PARK

results

District: Sant Andreu Address: C/ de la Sagrera, 179-197 Entrances: C/ de la Sagrera, Rovira i Virgili; Pegàs & Portugal Area: 3.65 hectares Timetable: 8:00-20:00 Park facilities: Children’s playgrounds; sport courts; parking; pipican

n

Frequency

Joan Miró

Estació Pegasus del Nord

χ2

Gender Men

130 49.5

31.0

51.0

Women

167 50.5

69.0

49.0

10.37**

Age 21.44**

Frequency

n

Joan Miró

Pegasus

Estació del Nord

Never / almost never

38

8.1

12.0

18.4

Several times in a year

28

7.1

12.0

9.2

Several times in a month

33

13.1

6.0

14.3

Several times in a week

94

46.5

16.0

32.7

Almost every day / every day

104

25.3

54.0

25.5

16-29

74

23.2

20.0

31.6

30-39

72

27.3

27.0

18.4

Time devoted

40-49

54

21.2

18.0

15.3

1 - 20 min

45

12.1

17.0

16.3

50-64

53

11.1

28.0

14.3

21 - 50 min

66

22.2

19.0

25.5

65 and more

44

17.2

7.0

20.4

More than 50 min

186

65.7

64.0

58.2

χ2 39.19***

2.34

Note. * p < .01. ** p < .05. *** p < .001.

results Table 3. Means, Standard Deviations, and One-Way Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) for Effects of Parks on Activities performed at the parks Joan Miró

Pegasus

Estació del Nord

Activities

M

SD

M

SD

M

Walking and resting

2.16

.94 1.91

.87

2.24

.93 3.58

.029

Dog-walking activity

1.33

.74 1.43

.75

1.71

.93 5.97

003

Letting children playing

1.70

.94 2.11

.98

1.45

.78 13.38

.000

Meeting with others

1.60

.85 1.79

.82

1.53

.80 2.64

.073

Sport / leisure activities

1.26

.63 1.16

.48

1.18

.54

.92

.399

Passing place

1.46

.79 1.95

.90

1.26

.54 21.31

.000

Table 4. Means, Standard Deviations, and One-Way Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) for Effects of Parks on Space valuation and on General Satisfaction

ANOVA

SD F (3, 790) p

conclusions

Space valuation

Pegasus

Estació del Nord

M

M

M

SD

SD

ANOVA

SD F (3, 790)

p

Environment

7.69

1.32 6.24 1.72 7.00 1.55

21.90

.000

Preservation

7.21

1.74 5.14 2.01 6.61 1.64

34.52

.000

Design

7.65

1.61 5.88 2.23 6.51 2.02

20.40

.000

Play and sport facilities

7.83

1.72 5.86 2.27 4.82 2.16

53.57

.000

Lighting

5.13

2.30 4.46 2.34 5.59 2.21

4.13

.017

Cleanness

6.15

1.65 4.63 2.09 5.92 2.02

17.84

.000

Security

3.40

2.27 1.46 2.32 4.64 2.72

41.94

.000

Street furniture and fixtures

7.01

1.47 6.27 2.09 6.08 1.79

7.27

.001

Civism

6.33

1.67 4.56 2.12 5.83 2.04

21.35

.000

Coexistence

7.07

1.59 5.55 2.26 6.40 1.76

15.69

.000

• There is a high use and satisfaction with the urban parks in the city of Barcelona. • The most common uses are concentrated on walking and resting, letting children playing and meeting with others.

Joan Miró

Joan Miró

Pegasus

Estació del Nord

General Satisfaction

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD F (3, 790)

I am satisfied with the possibility of enjoying the park

3.27

.62 2.86

.89

2.95

.44

9.69 .000

I like coming to this park

3.29

.60 3.03

.87

2.91

.35

8.13 .000

• Significant differences were observed among the parks: - Pegaso Park was the park most visited in general and it was visited more for women than for men - Estació del Nord Park was most visited by elderly people

- Both Pegaso and Estació del Nord reported a high use of their facilities and yet they show a poor assessment of their spaces - Joan Miró Park was the most valued of all the three parks and, at the same time, registered less use of their amenities.

future research questions

ANOVA

p

JOAN MIRÓ PARK District: Eixample Address: C/Tarragona, 74 Entrances: C/Vilamarí, Diputació, Tarragona & Aragó Area: 4.71 hectares Timetable: 10:00-22:00h Park facilities: Children’s playgrounds; sport courts; parking; pipican

- Do the parks meet the leisure needs of users / neighbors? - Which kind of factors may cause the difference between what people do in the urban parks–leisure activities–and how do they evaluate these spaces?

This contribution comes from “Uses, perceptions and conflict in urban public spaces: Identity, interaction, insecurity” reference PSI2010-21214-C02-02. Research supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation from Spain.