US Greenhouse Hydroponic Vegetable Industry

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31%. Wheat. 23%. Cotton. 5%. Peanut. 1%. Processed. Tomato. 71%. Tomato Field fresh 29%. Tomato GH Fresh. 0.24%. Other. 0%. Needle in the Haystack ...
Labeling Insecticides for vegetable production under greenhouses: the need of new modes of action Michael E. Bledsoe, Ph.D. Senior Vice President Food Safety and Regulatory Affairs

October 2013

Michael Bledsoe Background

• Ph.D. Entomology U of F (1977) • 22 years with Chevron/Valent USA – Research and Program Management

• 15+ years Village Farms – Sr. VP Food Safety and Regulatory Affairs (North America) • Food Safety • IPM • IR-4 – All Registrations

• State and Federal Regulatory • Crisis Management • Security

Ellie and her favorite beast of burden

Westlands, Netherlands

Greenhouse Europe Almeria, Spain

Beyond Core US Crop Markets 2013

Corn: 96.4 M Acres

Soybeans 76.1 M Acres

Wheat

Cotton

56 M Acres

12.6 M Acres

Peanut: 1.42 M Acres

Tomato •423,000 acres

Beyond Core US Crop Markets

Field Fresh: 123,000 Acres

Greenhouse Vine Ripe 1000 Acres

Beyond Core US Crop Markets based on Acres Needle in the Haystack

Tomato Field fresh 29%

Soybean 31%

Wheat 23%

Cotton 5%

Peanut 1%

Other 0% Corn 40%

Processed

Tomato

71%

Tomato GH Fresh 0.24%

North American Large Scale Greenhouse History 1989 - 1996 • 1989: Canadian Greenhouses, but new to US. • Tomato Less than 0.5% of US Retail sales in 1989 – Today: Retail Groceries: ~60% – Big Box: ~72%

Fresh Tomato Production USA using USDA Field data Type of Production

KG/M2

Lbs/Yard2

Increase per Acre against Field Production

Average Large Scale 60-65 GH (>10 Acre)

110-120

20x

New Semi-closed GH (>10 Acre)

80-114+

147-210

30x

Field Production

3.0.-3.6 (USDA Average)

5.5-6.6

1

Small Scale GH < 10 Acres

30-35

55-110

10X

New Agriculture 1989-1990

Required

• • • • • • • • •

Efficacious Insecticides Safe to multiple biologicals Short PHI (not std 7, 14, 21, 28 day PHI) Short REI Little to no Phytotoxicity Good residuals Chemigation > Fogging > Dusting > Foliar We needed it immediately Good luck

Regulatory Challenges – Existing Agriculture has been around for hundreds of year and the Regulatory Programs grew up around them. – Same with Basic Producers of Agricultural Chemicals. – 1990 - 2000: Nothing specifically registered for Greenhouse vegetable in USA. – Canada had multiple products – Beginning of the end of Organophosphates, and carbamates – Significant Changes in USEPA – New industry needing help • IR-4 – “Our industry would not be here today if not for the IR-4 and USEPA support!”

• USEPA (Certification and Worker Protection Branch) – Richard Pont – USEPA

USEPA -Richard Pont (Certification and Worker Protection Branch) • “unless use in a greenhouse is expressly

prohibited on the label, then it would not be considered use inconsistent with the label to use a product in a greenhouse as long as the crop site was listed on the label.” » Richard Pont, USEPA

Importance of Greenhouse on label

Industry is working each year to add Greenhouse to labels.

• Canada: required • USEPA interpretation can be locally challenged. • Areas of CA and NY has received challenges.

Early Large scale US Operations First Operations associated with CoGens (PA, NY, VA) 35 KG/M2 production

Not Best locations for production

• Heat • CO2 • Structure • Water

Stand Alone USA Large Scale Greenhouse Shift Acres of Large Scale Canada:–3300+ acres Sweet Previously Nature EuroFresh ~1992 (AZ) Vegetable Greenhouse in USA Mexico: 5000 acres The market is the USA.Farms 1995 (TX)(150 acre) – Village

Houweling Demand–for Regional and US grown.

800 701

1996 (CA) (120+) – Backyard Farms 2007 (ME) (42 acre) – Windset 2011 (CA) (128+ acre) – Sunset 2012 (MI) 26+ (Brush) 18, (NE) 20, IL (10) acres) – 100 Acres of ~10-15 acre GH 455

365

315

175

75

10

(300+)

25

25

75

365

375

375

375

495

495

499

499

499

541

541

541

541

Current Demographics Hydroponic Vegetable • Canada: ~1365 Ha (3373 acres) – Vancouver, BC; Leamington, ON – Why? 49th latitude (Netherlands 52nd)

• Mexico: 5000+ acres (mixed Technology) – Field, shade cloth, soil, high tech)

• USA: ~1000 acres – Small: 200 acres ( Fogging > Dusting > Foliar

• • • •

Label should be by CROP not YEAR Apply 100 gpa Tomato: 1-3 PHI Cucumber: 0-1 PHI – Under lights mini-cukes 4X/day

• Pepper: 3-5 PHI

Tomato Insect Challenges • Clavibacter (Bacterial canker) -Bee • PepMV - Bees • Whitefly: Trialeurodes and Bemisia (TYLCV) – Typed A

• • • • • • •

Aphids PM Psyllids: Psyllid Yellows (Liberibacter) Leps (worms) Thrips TSSM Engytatus modestus (Lygus/Miridae)

Scouting Reports WF

Beneficials • Bombus sp. – Bumble bee

• Encarsia formosa – Parasitoid wasp

• Eretmocerus sp. – parasitoid wasps

• Amblyseius swirskii – Predatory w – More than Gold

Biologicals and Beneficials and Softer Chemistry even to plants •

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) – – –



Cease – –



• • • • •

Root disease Insects and PM

Curative and Preventative





Botrytis and PM Cmm, Spot, Speck

BotaniGard



Brauveria bassiana





Potassium salt of fatty acid

Reyoutria sachalinensis PM, Alternaria, DM, GSB, Phytophtora

Biologicals

Lag Phase

Botrytis, PM, DM Discontinued

Affirm WDG replacement for Veranda by NuFarm



insects and PM

Met 52 – –



Many insects(soft bodied)

M-Pede

Metarhizium anisopliae (Tomato and Peppers)

Grandevo PTO – –

Veranda O – Polyoxin D zinc salt – –





IGR’s Regalia – –

Bacterial phage

Botrytis and PM

Suffoil-X : –





RootShield: Trichoderma harzianum (fungus) –

Actinovate (Streptomyces lydicus)



Bacillus subtilis Botrytis and PM

MilStop (potassium bicarbonate) –



Bt (kurstaki) – LEPS (WORMS) Bt (galleriae)- Coleoptera (Beetle and weevils) PENDING Bt (israelensis)- Fungus gnats, shore fly



Chromobacterium subtsugae Insect and mites

NemaShield® nematode Steinernema feltiae –

Fungus Gnat and Western Flower Thrips

New Modes of Activity

Required

• Efficacious Insecticides • Safe to multiple biologicals • Short PHI • Tomato 1-3 • Cucumber 0-1 • Pepper 3-5 • Short REI • Little to no Phytotoxicity • Good residuals • Chemigation > Fogging > Dusting > Foliar

Ideas Labeling Insecticides for vegetable production under greenhouses: the need of new modes of action Stop feeding materials- helps with arbovirus (plant)

Materials compatible with Biologicals to permit insecticide and fungicidal activity.

Delivery by Bombids

Miticide specific to TSSM

Labeling for Fruiting Vegetables

Systemic materials compatible

• No effect on Beneficial mites

• and Cucumbers

• with Bombids

New Modes of action To permit rotation

Attractants to increase effectiveness of Insecticides

Hudson’s beast of burden

Questions?