Use of a Genetic Algorithm in a Distributed Resource ... - cs.York

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modules of the resource planning software used in this project, and of their .... The GA works with both, a binary coding scheme and an alphanumeric one.
 

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2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC 2007)

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