The mobile agent retrieves data. Mobile agent should locate near the target zone low data retrieval cost target zone. Problem. Node mobility. â difficult to ...
Using a Mobile Agent for Location-Specific Data Retrieval in a MANET Kenji Tei Waseda University, Japan National Institute of Informatics, Japan
Agenda
• • • • •
Motivation Geographically Bound Mobile Agent Evaluation Related Work Summary
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1. Background • Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET) without any fixed infrastructures
• suitable for network in postdisaster area
resource limitation problem
• The locationspecific data retrieval data about a certain region • each shelter
data about necessary supplies
• each region
data about dangerous buildings
• each hospital
data about patients
We propose a energy-efficient method for location-specific data retrieval
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1.Conventional Approach • P2P approach An observer retrieves data from the target zone • optimize : directed flooding reducing RREQ cost [Ko00] reducing geocast cost [Maihofer04]
forwarding zone
Problem
target zone
a target zone is far → total cost becomes high
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1. Mobile Agent Approach • Mobile agent (MA) approach[Tei05] An observer sends a mobile agent into the target zone The mobile agent retrieves data
low data retrieval cost
Problem
target zone
Node mobility → difficult to maintain low data retrieval cost
Mobile agent should locate near the target zone
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1. Obstacle for MA Approach • Node mobility
target h zone
d e h b bc a d d h g ab c g a c f g f e f e
• High data retrieval cost
• Migration latency and migration overhead Data may be lost while migration Migration itself involves high cost • destination node discovery • agent data and code transfer
How to adjust the migration timing Geographically Bound Mobile Agent
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Agenda
• • • • •
Motivation Geographically Bound Mobile Agent Evaluation Related Work Summary
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2.Geographically Bound Mobile Agent • Geographically Bound Mobile Agent(GeoBee) reactively migrates based on locationbased heuristics • its host is restricted by geographic region • reacts to its host node movement
target zone • is used for data retrieval • GeoBee periodically sends query to nodes in the target zone observer can freely move
launch
target zone
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2. Expected zone • Expected zone is used for reactive migration determines the GeoBee migration timing • GeoBee starts migration when it is out of expected zone Clarify migration timing •when GeoBee is out of the expected zone
Adjust migration frequency •expected zone size determines the migration frequency
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2.Expected Zone Adjustment • Adjust expected zone = Adjust total cost data retrieval cost : determined by distance to target zone migration cost : determined by migration frequency If large expected zone If narrow
expected zone
target zone
optimal size?
data retrieval cost → low migration cost → high
target zone
data retrieval cost → high migration cost → low 10
2. Dynamic Adjustment of Expected Zone • Optimal size of expected zone is affected by node speed node speed is high → large node speed is low → narrow
• GeoBee adjusts its expected zone according to (xexpmax,yexpmax) speed of a current host node (xtarmax,ytarmax)
(xtarmin,ytarmin) (xexpmin,yexpmin)
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Agenda
• • • • •
Motivation Geographically Bound Mobile Agent Evaluation Related Work Summary
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3. Evaluation • Evaluation items Is mobile agent approach effective? • compared with conventional P2P approach with geocast
Does optimum expected zone improve GeoBee performance? • compared with basic MA approach
Does dynamic adjustment of expected zone improve GeoBee performance?
• Evaluated on the basis of simulation results with a simulator implemented upon JiST/SWANS [Barr05]
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3.1. GeoBee Approach vs P2P Approach many-hops data retrieval
few-hops data retrieval
migration cost
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3.1. Effect of expected zone data retrieval cost increases
optimal size depends on node speeds
migration cost increases
Speed:10m/10sec
Speed:20m/10sec
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3.3 Effect of dynamic adjustment of expected zone about 10% improvement
Speed:20m/10sec
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3.3 Discussion • GeoBee approach has better performance in long distance data retrieval the data retrieval cost moderately increases
• GeoBee approach has better performance than MA approach GeoBee reacts to node movements
• Expected zone improves GeoBee performance eliminates needless migrations
• Dynamic expected zone is better than static one
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Agenda
• • • • •
Motivation Geographically Bound Mobile Agent Evaluation Related Work Summary
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4. Related work • Mobile agents in ad hoc networks Data retrieval by mobile agent in sensor networks[Qi01] Mobile agent middleware on sensor networks [Fok05] These mobile agents do not reacts with node movements We proposes a mobile agent reacting to node movements
• Data retrieval in wireless sensor networks Directed Diffusion[Chalermark00], TinyAggregation[Joseph02] Data reduction process is restricted Incluster processing[Syuto05] Does not consider reorganization cost We focus reorganization cost
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5. Summary • Resourcesaved location specific data retrieval Conventional P2P approach • The cost increases exponentially according to the distance
MA approach • The cost increases moderately according to the distance • But, node movements deprave its performance
Our GeoBee approach • Better performance than MA approach reaction to node movements
• Optimalsized expected zone improves the GeoBee performance • Dynamic adjustment of the expected zone improves more
• Future work improve migration scheme • next host node selection, migration trigger
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Citation •
[Ko00] Y.B. Ko and N.H. Vaidya, LocationAided Routing(LAR) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks,
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[Maihofer04] C. Maihofer, A Survey of Geocast Routing Protocols,
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the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’05), Columbus, Ohio, 2005, pp. 653662, 2005.
[Roth01]V. Roth and J. Peters, A Scalable and Secure Global Tracking Service for Mobile Agents,
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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C 31(3): pp. 383391, 2001.
[Fok05]C.L. Fok, G.C. Roman and C. Lu, Rapid Development and Flexible Deployment of Adaptive Wireless Sensor Network Applications,
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Handbook on Theoretical and Algorithmic Aspects of Sensor, Ad hoc Wireless, and PeertoPeer Networks, Ch. 19, pp. 297311, CRC Press, 2005.
[Qi01]H. Qi, S.S. Iyengar and K. Chakrabarty, Multiresolution Data Integration Using Mobile Agents in Distributed Sensor Networks,
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IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 3242, Q2 2004.
[Barr05] R. Barr, Z.J. Haas and R.V. Renesse, Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulation,
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ACM/Baltzer Wireless Networks (WINET) journal, Vol. 64, pp. 307321, 2000.
International Conference of Mobile Agents (MA), 2001.
[Li02] T.Y. Li and K.Y. Lam, An Optimal Location Update and Searching Algorithm for Tracking Mobile Agent,
International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), 2002. 21
Any Questions?
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3.1. Simulatio Setting • Square space : 1km2 , represented by (1000,1000) Nodes : 122~142
• IEEE802.11b communication module • Randomwalk mobility model
• The target region = (600, 600) 〜 (700, 700) • An observer is at (300, 300) data retrieved by a query is 500KB
• Data reduction process reduce the data to 30KB
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3.1. MA Approach vs P2P Approach • Square space : 1km2
Nodes : 122 、 142 Each node has a IEEE802.11b communication module Each node does not move
• The target region = (600, 600) 〜 (800, 800) • An observer is at (x,x)
• x = 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100
10 messages exchanged in a simulation 1 message sent every 10 seconds
• Comparing MA approach with P2P (geocast) approach Total number of messages
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3.1. Energy Efficiency
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Message Reachability
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Effect of α
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3.2. Expected zone effectiveness • Square space : 1km2 Nodes : 152 Nodes moves in accordance with random walk model • node speed : 10m/10sec or 20m/10sec
the target region = 200mx200m
• MA or GeoBee is initially at the center of the target zone • GeoBee starts a migration when it is out of the expected zone expected zone = 200mx200m 〜 80mx80m
• Agent retrieves data 10 times every 1 minute • Comparing GeoBee approach with MA approach Message reachability to an agent The amount of transferred data
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