Using Community Commons to Evaluate the CDC ... - Harvard University

Using Community Commons to Evaluate the CDC Recommended Common Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity: Nutrition Edition

2014

A Guide for Public Health Practitioners

Using Community Commons to Evaluate the CDC Recommended Common Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity: Nutrition Edition A GUIDE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTITIONERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS: OVERVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE………………………………………………………………………………………6 GETTING STARTED WITH COMMUNITY COMMONS……………………………………………………….7 CREATING A MAP……………………………………………………………………………………………..12 ALIGNING COCOMO STRATEGIES WITH EXISTING DATA LAYERS……………………………………..27 INSTRUCTIONAL SCENARIO…………………………………………………………………………………..33 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………….43 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES……………………………………………………………………………………..44 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………….46


OVERVIEW This guide is intended to be a tool for public health practitioners who are interested in using Community Commons, an interactive mapping, networking, and learning utility, to evaluate their obesity prevention efforts. While obesity prevention spans a large range of potential activities, this guide focuses on evaluating nutrition-related efforts that are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the Common Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity (COCOMO) (Kahn, 2009). Evaluation includes gathering baseline information and measuring change over time.

About Community Commons http://www.communitycommons.org/ “Community Commons is an interactive mapping, networking, and learning utility for the broad-based healthy, sustainable, and livable communities’ movement. Registered users have FREE access to: • • • •

Thousands of map-able geographic information systems (GIS) data layers and tables displayed at varying geographies for all communities in the United States; Contextualized mapping, reporting, data visualization, and sharing abilities; Peer learning opportunities to explore similar topics and share best practices; Spaces for individuals and communities to share narratives, interviews, videos, images, documents and other online resources;

The Commons is a democratized learning and offers the following Theory of Action: By providing change makers with public access to meaningful data, opportunities for peer sharing and learning, and compelling visualizations and stories that serve as examples, the Community Commons spurs actions and investments that lead to healthier, more equitable and more sustainable communities. And, by providing members of cross-sector collaboratives with enhanced support for goal setting, data integration, strategy alignment and measurement, the Commons promotes and enhances collective action.

Community Commons began as an initiative of Advancing the Movement, and powered by Institute for People, Place and Possibilities (IP3). In-kind and technical support has come from scores of individuals and organizations around the nation.

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Early financial support for Advancing the Movement and The Commons was made possible by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaiser Permanente, Ascension Health, the YMCA of the USA, The Convergence Partnership and IP3 (founded by Community Initiatives, the Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems (CARES), and Transtria).”

About the CDC Recommended Common Community Strategies and Measurements to Prevent Obesity Web link - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5807a1.htm “Approximately two thirds of U.S. adults and one fifth of U.S. children are obese or overweight. During 1980--2004, obesity prevalence among U.S. adults doubled, and recent data indicate an estimated 33% of U.S. adults are overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25.0--29.9), 34% are obese (BMI ≥30.0), including nearly 6% who are extremely obese (BMI ≥40.0). The prevalence of being overweight among children and adolescents increased substantially during 1999--2004, and approximately 17% of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight (defined as at or above the 95% percentile of the sex-specific BMI for age growth charts). Being either obese or overweight increases the risk for many chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and stroke). Reversing the U.S. obesity epidemic requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach that uses policy and environmental change to transform communities into places that support and promote healthy lifestyle choices for all U.S. residents. Environmental factors (including lack of access to full-service grocery stores, increasing costs of healthy foods and the lower cost of unhealthy foods, and lack of access to safe places to play and exercise) all contribute to the increase in obesity rates by inhibiting or preventing healthy eating and active living behaviors. Recommended strategies and appropriate measurements are needed to assess the effectiveness of community initiatives to create environments that promote good nutrition and physical activity. To help communities in this effort, CDC initiated the Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention Project (the Measures Project). The objective of the Measures Project was to identify and recommend a set of strategies and associated measurements that communities and local governments can use to plan and monitor environmental and policy-level changes for obesity prevention. The Measures report describes the expert panel process that was used to identify 24 recommended strategies for obesity prevention and a suggested measurement for each strategy that communities can use to assess performance and track progress over time. The 24 strategies are divided into six categories: 1) strategies to promote the availability of affordable healthy food and beverages), 2) strategies to support healthy food and beverage choices, 3) a strategy to encourage breastfeeding, 4) strategies to encourage physical activity or limit

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sedentary activity among children and youth, 5) strategies to create safe communities that support physical activity, and 6) a strategy to encourage communities to organize for change” (Khan, 2009). This guide focuses on the nutrition-specific strategies (i.e., strategies to promote the availability of affordable healthy food and beverages, strategies to support healthy food and beverage choices, and a strategy to encourage breastfeeding) within COCOMO. Table 1. CDC recommended nutrition-related obesity prevention strategies and measures Obesity prevention strategy

Suggested measure

1

Communities Should Increase Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Choices in Public Service Venues

A policy exists to apply nutrition standards that are consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (27) to all food sold (e.g., meal menus and vending machines) within local government facilities in a local jurisdiction or on public school campuses during the school day within the largest school district in a local jurisdiction.

2

Communities Should Improve Availability of Affordable Healthier Food and Beverage Choices in Public Service Venues

A policy exists to affect the cost of healthier foods and beverages (as defined by IOM [11]) relative to the cost of less healthy foods and beverages sold within local government facilities in a local jurisdiction or on public school campuses during the school day within the largest school district in a local jurisdiction.

3

Communities Should Improve Geographic Availability of Supermarkets in Underserved Areas

The number of full-service grocery stores and supermarkets per 10,000 residents located within the three largest underserved census tracts within a local jurisdiction.

4

Communities Should Provide Incentives to Food Retailers to Locate in and/or Offer Healthier Food and Beverage Choices in Underserved Areas

Local government offers at least one incentive to new and/or existing food retailers to offer healthier food and beverage choices as defined by IOM (11) in underserved areas.

5

Communities Should Improve Availability of Mechanisms for Purchasing Foods from Farms

The total annual number of farmer-days at farmers' markets per 10,000 residents within a local jurisdiction.

6

Communities Should Provide Incentives for the Production, Distribution, and Procurement of Foods from Local Farms

Local government has a policy that encourages the production, distribution, or procurement of food from local farms in the local jurisdiction.

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7

Communities Should Restrict Availability of Less Healthy Foods and Beverages in Public Service Venues

8

Communities Should Institute Smaller Portion Size Options in Public Service Venues

9

Communities Should Limit Advertisements of Less Healthy Foods and Beverages

10

11

A policy exists that prohibits the sale of less healthy foods and beverages (as defined by IOM [11]) within local government facilities in a local jurisdiction or on public school campuses during the school day within the largest school district in a local jurisdiction. Local government has a policy to limit the portion size of any entree (including sandwiches and entrée salads) by either reducing the standard portion size of entrees or offering smaller portion sizes in addition to standard portion sizes within local government facilities within a local jurisdiction. A policy exists that limits advertising and promotion of less healthy foods and beverages, as defined by IOM (11), within local government facilities in a local jurisdiction or on public school campuses during the school day within the largest school district in a local jurisdiction.

Communities Should Discourage Consumption of SugarSweetened Beverages

Licensed child care facilities within the local jurisdiction are required to ban sugar-sweetened beverages (including flavored/sweetened milk) and limit the portion size of 100% juice.

Communities Should Increase Support for Breastfeeding

Local government has a policy requiring local government facilities to provide breastfeeding accommodations for employees that include both time and private space for breastfeeding during working hours.

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AUTHORS AND REVIEWERS Authors: Jared McGuirt1,2, Larissa Calancie1,2, Stephanie Jilcott Pitts3, Jennifer Leeman1,4, Alice Ammerman1,2 1. Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, a Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2. Nutrition Department, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3. Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University 4. School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Reviewers: • •

Laura Kettel Khan, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Community Commons Team

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HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE This guide focuses on demonstrating use and aligning existing spatial data available through Community Commons with the nutrition-specific strategies (i.e., strategies to promote the availability of affordable healthy food and beverages, strategies to support healthy food and beverage choices, and a strategy to encourage breastfeeding). The guide is divided into the following three parts: 1. Getting started with Community Commons a. Registration b. Join a Hub c. Create maps d. Save and share maps e. Cite data sources 2. List of nutrition-related COCOMO strategies and measures matched with existing data layers in Community Commons 3. Instructional scenario - Using Community Commons to select locations for corner stores to increase access to healthy foods in Pitt County, NC 4. Additional resources *While we aim to provide a thorough introduction for public health practitioners using Community Commons to evaluate their work, we recommend that readers check for updated data layers and other advances that were not available when this guide was written at http://maps.communitycommons.org/news.aspx. Community Commons is always striving to improve services and thus some sections may not look exactly the same as when this guide was written. Users can go to http://www.communitycommons.org/cchelp/ for additional help.

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GETTING STARTED WITH COMMUNITY COMMONS Community Commons provides helpful video tutorials showing how to use a variety of the website’s functions. There is also a “Contact us” option on the “Support” page. Community Commons strives to make the site user-friendly while meeting the needs of its users. Don’t hesitate to use the “contact us” option for questions, comments, and suggestions.

Register In order to use the free mapping tools on Community Commons, you must register on their website. http://www.communitycommons.org/register/ Here is a registration video tutorial link (Getting Started à Videos à Register)

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Navigation Community Commons is designed for easy navigation. Navigation video tutorial link (Getting Started à Videos à Navigate Community Commons)

Join a Hub Click on the “Hubs” tab on the top left bar of the Community Commons site.

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Use the search bar to find Hubs of interest.

If the Hub is public, click “Join Hub”

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CREATING A MAP Map creation in Community Commons is a three-part process. First you must search for your spatial data layer(s) of interest. Community Commons aggregates layers from multiple sources, making it a “one stop shop” for spatial data. Second, once you find your data layers of interest, you then need to select them and add them to the mapping environment. Third, you go into the mapping environment and manipulate the map for your needs. A mapping video tutorial link is provided (Mappingà Videos)

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SPATIAL DATA: A QUICK TUTORIAL There are two main data types in GIS. There is the Raster data type, which consists of rows and columns of cells, with each cell storing a single value. Examples include population density (discrete) and temperature and elevation measurements (continuous). The second data type is Vector data, the main data type in Community Commons. Vector data consists of three types: points, lines, and polygons. Points are used to represent discrete data points. These are points of interest, such as hospitals, food venues, etc. Line data represents linear features such as roads, rivers, etc. Polygons are used to represent administrative boundaries, such as state, county, city, or sub-city boundaries. Polygon data is very common in Community Commons.

A combination of these different data types can be used to create a map that examines multiple factors/issues at once. For example, you can have a point layer of Farmers Market locations on top of a polygon layer displaying Poverty by County level:

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Here is a step-by-step process for building a map in Community Commons: First, click on the “Maps & Data” tab on the bar on the top of the Community Commons main webpage. Or simply go to: http://www.communitycommons.org/maps-data/. This will take you to the following page:

Select “Make a Map” to find the layers of interest for your project. You may “Browse by Topic”, “Browse by Source”, or search using key words or topic based search terms. Once you select your layers, it will incorporate them in the mapping environment.

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If you “Select by Topic” it will take you to a drop-down list of layers in nested menus:

Click on a Subject Header to see the subheadings.

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Under each subheading, you will find a list of spatial data layers, usually with the year(s) the data was collected.

Beside each data layer, there is an “Info” button. If pressed, it will open a new window that will provide more detailed information about each layer.

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You will also see a Data Assurance Indicator. This gives a quality assurance rating to each data layer as indicated

Once you select a layer (clicking the check box), press the add button at the bottom right of the screen. This will add that data layer to your mapping environment. You may add multiple layers at a time. Users can always click Map Help (not shown on this documents screenshot) to get to support materials.

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Once you select “Add,” it will take you to the mapping environment screen, where your data layer will be displayed.

Add reference maps, such as highways, school districts, or bodies of water.

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Zoom into or out of a geographic layer of interest using the arrows on the menu bar at the top left of the screen, and the home button (which takes the user back to the original map):

Users can zoom in on a specific location by typing in the name of the area the users wants to see (see box just above Map Layers key).

Click on the “Add Data Layers” tab on the upper left hand side of the site to add more layers.

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View multiple layers at once by changing the transparency of the layers.

It is also possible to change which layers are on top by click/hold a layer and move it up or down in the Map Layers box. To get more details about an individual administrative unit (i.e. census tract, census block unity, city, state), you can click on an applicable administrative unit in each layer. Note here that the details will show up for the “active” layer, the layer with the orange box around it will be the one that displays

Click on the Tools button to have the option to: Select Data (by rectangle, polygon, or lasso), Query Data, Swipe Layers (so that you can see multiple layers simultaneously), Measure Paths/Areas, or find the Walk Score for a location. Note here that users can click on the ? symbol by each tool to watch a quick tutorial video on each individual tool. Also note that when using these tools you will be working with the “active” layer (the one with the red box around it), so make sure to click on whichever layer you want to be active before moving into the tools section.

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To remove data layer:

Save and share maps Saving and sharing maps video tutorial link (Mappingà Support videos)

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Click “Save” on the right hand side of the mapping window

Add required information to save your map. Choose whether you want your map to be publically available (public), only available to members of a certain group (group), or only available to you (personal). There is a limit of five public maps at a time but users can export and download an unlimited number.

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Share your maps via email or websites Click “Share” on the right hand side of the mapping window

Copy and paste the given links into email messages, or paste HTML code into a website platform.

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Export your map as a PNG, JPEG, or PDF Click “Export” on the right hand side of the mapping window

Edit the given title of the map, select from several layout options, choose the export file type, and choose a Map Extent. Preserve Map Extent keeps all of the visible area in the download. Preserve Map Scale may lose some areas of visibility but the scale will remain the same. Then select the Export File Format.

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Citing data sources Go to the window that displays your map. Within the “Map layers” section to the right hand side of the map, click “Info” for a particular data layer.

Information about the data source is displayed in the “Data Info” window. A citation for the data may be found at the end of the “Data Source Description” section. If a citation is not explicitly listed, there is often a link to a website for the data source. The Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems (CARES, is one of the organizations behind Community Commons, developed a “Data Assurance Indicator.” The meaning of the visual star icon is described in the “Add a data layer” window.

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ALIGNING COCOMO STRATEGIES WITH EXISTING DATA LAYERS This list shows COCOMO strategies matched with existing data layers as of DATE, 2014. Community Commons offers users access to thousands of data layers; therefore there may be additional layers useful for evaluating COCOMO strategies that are not listed here.

COCOMO Strategies 1) Communities Should Increase Availability of Healthier Food and Beverage Choices in Public Service Venues

Applicable Layer Counties with Farm To School Programs, 2009

Layer location

Level County

Nutritional Standards for School Meals (2012)

Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Local Foods Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Relative Food Prices Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Relative Food Prices Data from RWJF COGIS

Nutritional Standards for Competitive Foods (2012)

Data from RWJF COGIS

State

2. Communities Should Improve Availability of Affordable Healthier Food and Beverage Choices in Public Service Venues

N/A

N/A

N/A

3. Communities Should Improve Geographic Availability of Supermarkets in Underserved Areas

Change in Number of Grocery Stores (In Counties with Population Increase)

Food Environment > Access to Food > Grocers and Food Retailers - Rate per 100,000 Population, 2009

County

Relative Price of Fruit (Compared to Sweet Snacks), 2006

Relative Price of Fruit (Compared to Savory/Salty Snacks), 2006

State

State

State

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Grocery Stores

Supercenters and Club Stores

WIC-Authorized Retailers

SNAP-Authorized Retailers

Percent of Low Income Households with No Car Living over 1 Mile from Store

Percent of Households with No Car Living over 1 Mile from Store

Food Desert Census Tracts (USDA 2006) Modified Retail Food Environment Index Scores (CDC 2011) Grocery Store Rate (per 100,000 Pop.), 2009

Food Environment > Access to Food > Grocers and Food Retailers - Rate per 100,000 Population, 2009 Food Environment > Access to Food > Grocers and Food Retailers - Rate per 100,000 Population, 2009 Food Environment > Access to Food > Grocers and Food Retailers - Rate per 100,000 Population, 2009 Food Environment > Access to Food > Grocers and Food Retailers - Rate per 100,000 Population, 2009 Limited Food Access > Proximity to Food > USDA Food Environmental Atlas (2006) Limited Food Access > Proximity to Food > USDA Food Environmental Atlas (2006) Food Environment > Access to Food> Limited Food Access Food Environment > Access to Food> Limited Food Access Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Food Store Availability

County

County

County

County

County

County

Tract

Tract

County

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Supercenter/Club Store Rate (per 100,000 Pop.), 2009

Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Food Store Availability Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Food Store Availability Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Food Store Availability N/A

County

Vegetable Production, Number of Acres

Food Environment > Agriculture

County

Vegetables Harvested, Number of Acres


Fruit and Nut Production (NonCitrus), Number of Acres


County

Berry Production, Number of Acres


County

Organic Crop Production, Number of Acres


Orchards, Number of Acres


Number of Acres in Farms


SNAP-Authorized Store Rate (per 100,000 Pop.), 2010

WIC-Authorized Store Rate (per 100,000 Pop.), 2011

4. Communities Should Provide Incentives to Food Retailers to Locate in and/or Offer Healthier Food and Beverage Choices in Underserved Areas 5. Communities Should Improve Availability of Mechanisms for Purchasing Foods from Farms

Modified Retail Food Index, http://maps.communitycommons.or g/viewer/?mapid=503

County

County

N/A

Number of Farms participating in Community Agricultural Programs

N/A

Locations of Green Schools! (2012)

Point

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6. Communities Should Provide Incentives for the Production, Distribution, and Procurement of Foods from Local Farms

Locations of Farmers' Markets with Pricing Incentives (2012)

Food Environment > Access to Food > Farmers Markets

Point

Farmers' Markets Accepting SNAP (USDA 2011)

Food Environment > Access to Food > Farmers Markets Food Environment > Access to Food > Farmers Markets Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Local Foods Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Local Foods Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Local Foods Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Local Foods Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Local Foods Food Environment— Access to FoodFarmers’ Markets

Point

Farmers' Markets Accepting WIC or WIC Cash Vouchers (USDA 2011) Farmers Market Rate (per 100,000 Pop.), 2011

Pct. Change in Farmers Market Rate, 2009-2011

Annual Direct Farm Sales (per Capita), 2007

Pct. of Farms with Sales Directly to Consumers, 2007

Pct. of Farm Income from Sales Directly to Consumers, 2007

Rate of Fruit and Vegetable Market (Employees) per 1,000 Persons, 2009 Locations (or number by county) of recipients of Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program grants

Point

County

County

County

County

County

County

Locations (or number by county) of recipients of Farmer's Market Promotion Program grants Locations (or number by county) of recipients of Small SociallyDisadvantaged Produce grants

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7. Communities Should Restrict Availability of Less Healthy Foods and Beverages in Public Service Venues

Limited Access to Competitive Foods (2012)


State

Pct. Additional Sales Tax for Chips/Pretzels (Retail), 2011

Food Environment > USDA Food Environmental Atlas > Relative Food Prices

State

Pct. Additional Sales Tax for Chips/Pretzels (Vending), 2011


State

Pct. Additional Sales Tax for Soda/Sweetened Beverages (Retail), 2011


State

Pct. Additional Sales Tax for Soda/Sweetened Beverages (Vending), 2011


State

Pct. Additional Sales Tax for Soda/Sweetened Beverages (Vending), 2011


State

8. Communities Should Institute Smaller Portion Size Options in Public Service Venues 9. Communities Should Limit Advertisements of Less Healthy Foods and Beverages 10. Communities Should Discourage Consumption of SugarSweetened Beverages

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11. Communities Should Increase Support for Breastfeeding

Relative Price of Soda/Sweetened Beverages (Compared to National Average), 2010


State

Menu Labeling Laws Enacted (2012)


State

Pct. Women Breastfeeding at 3, 6, and 12 months post-partum (any and exclusively) by state Data pertaining to state-level breastfeeding laws by state (in workplace / beyond ACA requirement)

State

State

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INSTRUCTIONAL SCENARIO SCENARIO: You are a public health practitioner in Wake County, NC level who determines that your county should address the COCOMO strategy of “Communities Should Improve Availability of Mechanisms for Purchasing Foods from Farms”. You determine that you want to make a map that clearly shows the problem and the need for change, and you intend to show your map to county leaders in the attempt to promote that policy change. The following is an example of how you can use Community Commons to create this type of map. Step 1. Go to Maps &Data First, click on the “Maps & Data” tab on the ribbon on the top of the Community Commons main webpage. Or simply go to: http://www.communitycommons.org/maps-data/. This will take you to the following page:

Select “Make a Map”. Close the “Search Data” window to choose your location.

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Step 2. Find the Appropriate Spatial Data Layers To find the spatial data layers of interest for your project, first click “Add data” on the upper left corner of your map.

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You may “Browse by Topic”, “Browse by Source”, or search using your own search terms. We recommend that you first look at the Community Commons/COCOMO strategies linkage document in this guide, as we have assembled and linked known spatial data layers located within Community Commons with COCOMO strategies. This way, you can simply type in the layers using the “Search Data” function. If you “Browse by Topic” it will take you to a list of layers from nested menus:

Select the “Health” Topic:

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Then select the “Food” subtopic.

In looking at the “Food” subtopics, we decide to select “Facilities” to see if there is a layer that displays Farmers Market locations. Once we click on “Facilities”, and then the “Location” subtopic, we see that there are three layers pertaining to FM. We decide to select two layers, one displaying all farmers markets, and the other displaying Farmers Markets that accept SNAP benefits.

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You then decide that you want a layer showing limited food access by census tract. You go to the Food Security subtopic, and find a layer called “Population with Limited Food Access, Percent by Tract, FARA 2010”. You select this layer and add it to the map environment.

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Go to your map, and this is what you see:

This is a map of Wake County, North Carolina. The map shows the following: 1) The percent of the population that has limited food access by census tract 2) The location of Farmers Markets (red dots) 3) The location of Farmers Markets that accept SNAP (green dots). One could use this map to identify potential priority markets/areas to intervene on. The percent of the population that has limited food access by census tract is the base layer. On top of that layer, you have Farmers Markets by location. On top of that layer, you have Farmers Markets accepting SNAP. When a layer in the “Map Layers” is on top of another layer, it hides the lower layer. Layers can be moved up or down by clicking and dragging the information boxes. The active layer is the one outlined in red. Since the “Farmers Markets Accepting SNAP Locations” is on top of the “Farmers Market by Location” layer, we are able to see which Farmers Markets accept SNAP (green dots), while also seeing the Farmers Markets that do not (red dots). With these layers being on top of the “Limited Food Access” maps, we can see where the farmers markets are located in relation to census tract areas with limited food access.

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We then decide to “Export” the map as a picture file. We click the “Export” button in the upper right:

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A box pops up, and we select our settings:

You then have the option to preview and download the image:

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This image can then be placed into PowerPoint, Word, and/or other word processing document:

Congratulations – you made a map! We hope this guide helps you in your important work. Thank you

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REFERENCES 1. Khan, L. K., Sobush, K., Keener, D., Goodman, K., Lowry, A., Kakietek, J., ... & Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Recommended community strategies and measurements to prevent obesity in the United States. MMWR. Recommendations and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports/Centers for Disease Control, 58(RR-7), 1. 2. http://www.communitycommons.org/

3. Cover photo - Creative Commons on Flickr

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ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Data visualization and mapping (from evaluationpse.org) • •

• •

•

• •

Google Earth (and Google Earth Pro): This free (or modestly priced) mapping software can be used for community mapping. Tutorials for Google Earth are available here. Community Commons: This website allows the user to add GIS layers to a map of a designated geographic area. The benefit is that the layers available cover more than just traditional health-related information (including environment, civic engagement, transportation, etc.). This site could be particularly useful when creating visually appealing presentations about the need for your initiative (formative evaluation; assessment) and/or the evaluation of your initiative. Community Commons pulls data from over 30 sources, including County Health Rankings, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Food Access Research Atlas: This mapping tool shows the food deserts in the US. Be sure to check the definitions of food deserts. Food Environment Atlas: Similar to the Food Desert Locator, this map shows multiple layers (has several layers you can combine). The user can click on the map and get more detailed data about that census tract. SNAP Data System Maps: This mapping systems has the capability to show different data sets in a visual format related to participation in SNAP and SNAP benefits used (in monetary terms). Diabetes Interactive Atlas: This self-directed mapping tool shows prevalence of diagnosed diabetes at the county level for all states. Know your farmer, know your food http://www.usda.gov/maps/maps/kyfcompassmap.htm

Evidence-based policy, systems, and environmental-level (PSE) obesity prevention interventions •

•

Center for Training and Research Translation (Center TRT): The Center for Training and Research Translation (Center TRT) translates and disseminates evidence-informed interventions that address breastfeeding, physical activity and healthy eating. Intervention packages describe how to implement the intervention and the necessary materials; Center TRT provides sample evaluation plans and logic models for a selection of interventions. What Works for Health: Using What Works for Health. The What Works for Health website provides evidence-informed policies programs and system changes that address various factors in improving health. To get started using What Works for Health, just click on a health factor of interest and then find programs and policies.

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•

Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide): The Community Guide provides recommendations for intervention strategies that have been found to be effective in systematic reviews of the findings of multiple research studies.

Guidance for PSE Obesity prevention intervention evaluation •

• •

evaluationpse.org: “Our goal is to provide easy-to-use resources for evaluating obesity prevention interventions that target change at the levels of policies and environments. We have created an evaluation framework that you can use to create logic models and evaluation plans. Each component of the framework is linked to potential indicators, data collection methods, existing data, and data collection tools that you can use to evaluate your policy and environmental change interventions.” Center for Training and Research Translation www.centertrt.org CDC’s Evaluation of State Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Plans http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/EvaluationofStateNPAOPlans.pdf

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to the team at Community Commons for developing and maintaining an important resource that is freely available, and for their input on this guide.

Funding: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the Nutrition and Obesity Policy Research and Evaluation Network (NOPREN).

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