Using Query Probing to Identify Query Language Features on the Web


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ÇJÒ:@ *È ; ÃBAD ; Èd7]G‡K7?ʵ4: BHIOK4C; >žÇ?5¦@ Ê:B‡@6Ë!ÄGAà 7 K ; ; 7JÇJÇ?Ò:Ù GA7?IO;4 4¶K Q ; ; 4C@ Ëq5 Ô ÇJB‡7]ÄiG‡Ç?IF@4:IO4CÈd>¶BRKJ5IÇ ; DK²;îqG‡Ò 7 ; 7?ËAÈdÕRGAÙ©4R@:ÒCILG‡Ã]@¤DFDO;ËÇ?@ ÃDFGH4KJKJG‡IDFè DFB#; Ù5Ó; K[Ù©ÒCIOK=ÇJ@ŸÇ?; B 7 ; KJÒ:Ê IF; DF5¶ÃYDzGÇJB¦5 ÇJÃ`@ϵILKJ;; IOBHʵ4ÜBHK?ÇJK„7 I Ï D ; ; K @C; ȝG#; Ç¥GAÇJ4H7 Ç?IFÃyÐAKÝ ÃGA 4 ; 5Ê:;7JBÇ ; 7?; È!îqIFÒ4 ; 7?ÇJI; @ K ; K ;4¦; ȝÇJG‡@ 4qÇJGAILÃÊ:K[Ê:B‡DFIFĨÃyÇ?G#@ Ç?; IO; BHÈ!4¤B8Ê:5@C;GHDK îHÒ G; 47?Ë Ù ÏÏ GHK„K IO;Ç 5ÇJBAB 4¤; ÇJ@ ; Ã`DLȝGAK?G#K„Ç]IOèÃ];@Ü;H5¦Ð84RÒ:ÝG‡Ò8È Ç?ϵBA;ȝ7]K[G#;Ç?BAIF; ÃyĨG‡ÇJDF@ DOË ; IFÈdK G‡Ê:Ç?Ï67JÃ]B; @Ï64R; 5¶Ò:; È Ù©; IÇ?@Ðq7?K2é ÇJ@K ; 7JP K?; G‡È GA;KIFÊ:4:7?Ê:B Ò:ϵÇ2; Ç?îqBÒ ÇJ; @7?I ; K ;5  Ê6ÃIFBqKJKJIF; BAKJI4Ï DOÇJ˦7 ; ÒCK„ÕCIF4:Ù©>Üϵ@:; IL58Ã]IO@á ; Ê:7 7?; B84q58Ç ; ÒCQ à ; ËRK©ÙNÇ?BH@ 7?5:ÃK DF GHÐ:KJÝ KJI@ èC; Ô ; ; ;; ; ; ÃG#Ç?IOBH4 åB‡ÄÏ6ÇJ; @ ; K„IO; Ç ;HÐ ; 

LEARNING PHASE

APPLICATION PHASE

Class C_i

Prediction C

Request

creates

uses

Learner

(P_j,N_j)

Keywords

Keywords

Decision Tree Predictor

P_j

(P_j,N_j)

P_j

— R— qh u*u)_`U^€²V›¨VkhHU[V`ŒT?U„_prpµ_jqjHUWVk_ya„b ¨¼CÁ ·º[»"!$#  q

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È ; ÃyG‡B‡ë DFÄ=DÇJÇJ@C@ G‡Ç+; ÈdÙ B8;!5 ; DNÈdîqÊ:Ò DO; B#Ë7?I ; 5žK.; ÇJÇJ@@ ; 7è6; Ã;K„G‡Ò:ÇJDOIFÇ?BA; K¥4GAB‡7 ;Ä; ÇJîq@ Ò:IÇ K„; IOÇ >A; BRK©B8Ù 5 Ð8< 5:IFGH;A58KÐ 4i; 5ï Ç BA4¦Ê ÇJ@ ÃY;.Çϵ;Ç?; Ú BÜÊ GA;y; ;Ã]7J@:I ; I 4CPà ; K=ÈÙ ÒC; Ã]@>H; B‡ÈdÇ=ÄÆBA7J7 BHÈ ; ÇJ@CÇJGA@ 4 ; ȝ; äG‡ 4RÒCGA;GAÃDÖÃÃ;Ò:DF7]GHGAKJÃ`KJË IO; Ô ÛG‡DOB#Ç ;Ù 7?; 4CP G‡; ÇJ7yIFPÕA;ÄÆBAKN7NÄÆ;BHÇJ@7; Ã`DLÈd; GAK?BAK„7 IOè6; ; ÃÃG‡BAÇJÈdIFBAÊ:4¨D Õq;`ÚÇ?;@ Ú Èd; ;BR7 ;5 K„; ÒCDDîqÇ]KÒ ;G‡7?7 I ; ; ; KN4CKJB‡; ÒCÇÃ]BA@¤Ê:GHÇJIFK ÈdGAG‡D Ð 46;5 ÕRÙ©@:3 ILÃ]@Ü@CGP ; ÈdBA7 ; Ð KÊ:WÇ?7J7?B G‡ÎžÇ ; ;>HîqË(5 Ò ; ILK¤Ã`7?ILI 5 ÃK;GA5ŸDOÇJD ;BÇ?5 BÓÃ`BAÞGAÊ
58BH; 58Ê8Ù©Ò6Ç)IÇ?à Èd@Ó; 5 BAÇJ7@ ñC; ; IOG‡4qÞ ÇJÄ Ç Ò:; G#7 DFDO;Ç?IFÒ:> Â7; ;4HÇ Ç*B#P Ä ;
G#7?ñ DOÇ?BqÒ: GA7 „5:; ß ßÐNK ; GAÛ D 4C; ; 5Ã`7 ÇJ; IFÇJBA@ Ù 4®; K„7 ÇJ7 7]; KJG#58Ò:Ç ÒCDO; ÇJà >AIF4:; I ;5¯>¤K ÐʵÇJ@ BH ; K?Ò:KJI7²K ; èCIFǦDF7]IÇWB‡K„Ë Ç Ä B‡îHÄ™Ò B#Ï67?P I ; ; 7„K èCDŽBHÇJ; IFÒ84:Ç+; > B‡Ð:Ä=é 4ÓÇJ@ ÊCGA7„ÇJÇ?;BAIFÇ?ÃG‡Ò:D=DFGAK 7yÕCÇ)ÄÆB‡BA; Ä7 ; GA; Ã]Ê:@7?ÈdB ; B85 ;îqDÒ; îq7JÒ I ; 7JK ˶2ÇJÙ @C; G‡Ç)K ; Ù D ; ÃY; Ç ÇJ; @:5; BHÒ:BH4:>A@qDO˦Ç)ÇJÙ @CBH7 K ; 4 Ê:Ï 7?à B ϵK„; Ô KJGAIF>A7J; @qËÇ);ÄÆBHÊ:7*7?B ÇJ@6G#ÇîHÒ KJÊ 7?; I Ã`; IOK.è6ÝÄÆBAÈd7²ÇJB8@ 5 ;; DNÈdîHBHÒ K„; Ç+ë 7?Ë Ã`BA ÈdBH4:Ê:ϵDFD ËÓ; ÇWÙ=ÈdB; BR5Ê:; 7JBD[Ï6îq; Ò îq7JÒ I ; K 7JI ; ; K*GAÄÆ4CBA57)Èd B85 ; D=;Ò:7+îq; Ò K ; 7?;Ã`Ë BH;4Cí 5 Õ ;KWÇ?7?G‡Ç ; >HËÓILϵK); ÃGADOD ;; 5 ; Þ < GHÃ]Qq>H7J; BHÒ:4C5 ²4CB#Ù©D ; 58;`Ú> ;  < ; „ß Ð¨Ý ; @ ; ; 7 ; 3 GA7 ; B Ï PRIFÐ BAÒC KJDO˞5 ; ; Ê ; 48Ô I5G‡Ç)4; 4CILBAK²Ã7]I Ò:5; 4:K DF7™Ï6IOQ BA; ; 4dÇWDFÙ ËÇ?;y@ ÇJ; @64žG#D Ç)ÇJGA@ Èd7J; 4:B8IFÈd4:5 >*B8; D[5 >H; îqBHD™ÒG‡îH;DLK 7JÒ Ë®; È!7?ï I ;B8K 5 ÐÖéDµÄ¥îqÈ!Ò B87J5 I ; ï¨K D™@CîqGAGAÒ K*4C; 5dK 7?; Ë®IOȝ46ï Ã`GABA4H7?Ç?dʵIFÃyBAïK 7]@CG# GHÇ
K*Ç?ð:K @ ; Ð Èd 7 BGA4qKJÙ ÇJÒ:IL;DOÃÇJK²IFIO4:Èd 3 >+ʵ KJBHI+ÇK ; Õ ÃB‡`DLĵGAÇJK?@ K„IOè67;ÃG‡ÈÇJIFGABAIO4C4:K[IF4:;B‡> Ä·; GA DOÞ 7 DL;G#GHÇ 587?Ëdß ·Ê:7?È!BRB8à ;5 K?K D6; îq5 Ò  ; Þ 7J; I G‡K 7?DF; I IO; 47?; ß 7 GAÈdDOIOBRÇWËA5 Õ#; ÙDîqÒ ÒC; K 7?I ; ÇJK[@ IF4q; ÇJÞ BÃBA;ÇJ7?@ 7 ; ; ÃYÄ Ç?; ß2G‡ÇJȝÒ:7G‡; 4RÒCK ;GA;Ç D KBA„IO4 Ç ; K Ã` ; DLGAK?; K„IF4CIOè6G‡ÃDFG‡DOËHÇJÕ IFBA4CKÃyG‡IF4CÒCK„K Ç ; ; GAÇ?@ 5BAK ĵÇ?ÇW@ Ù=; ; B+GAK„Ò8ÇJÇJ7]; BHG#ÈÇ ; G#>AÇJI ILÃK™GAGADODF7 ;Ë!>IO4C; 54 ; Ê7]G#; Ç4C; 5 5Õ; 4qÏ ÇNÒ:ÄÆÇN7?; BAÊµÈ BHK?K„IGHÏ Ã]; DF@ËB‡IF4CÇJ@ Ã`BH7k7J7ÕA; Ù Ã`Ç ; ; ; Ã`BAÈ ; Ï IFÐq4 ñ ; 5¤ÇJ@ ; È Ïµ;7 ; KJÒ:DOÇJ; IF4:>; IO4¦; ÇJ@ ; KWÇ?7?G‡Ç ; ;>HË ;
ñ Â ;  < ; Ð ; ; Training sites t_1,...,t_m

New site


  

2

2

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} # } | {y t| t l«l«¢¢ †Í† †´=Z¯ ‰N‰[¢ s ¢ s } }  z } }   { {y }~ {!l«l«¢¢ ††   ‰N´¥¢ s §®‰N¢ s  }{ {y }{  }{ {y }{

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G‡BA4qñ ÒCÇ?Â7·DOË 58K„ÇJIOá7]G#; Ç„Ç 7 Ç; ; >A4q7yË Ç Õ GÈ!‡4CB8;5­5 Ù©; DN@ îq; Ò 4Ÿ;A7JÃ`ÐiI BAÎ È K Ï ; IF4 G‡; 4C5­5 Ù©IÇ?Ç?; @ @ < Ï KJdÕÒC6ÃÃÇJ@ ;K?; K*7 ; 7?G‡IFKÇ ; ; PIL;K ; 4­ÄÆDFÒ:B#7JÙ ÇJ@ ;; 7.ä IFÈd; Ê:7?4B#P ; 7È GA; 4HKJBAÇ 4ŸÐ  ٠ÇJIFDOD³ÕÖK ÄÆÏ6BA; 7.@ ÇJ; @ 7 ; IÇJFK@ ÇJ7@C;G‡ÇIFK2ÇJ@4:;;B‡KÇ ; ; îH4:Ò BH;Ò:7?>AI ;@KÇ?G‡7?DLGAK„IOBd4CIO@C;4:G>¶P ;5:G#ÇJÇ]@ ; Gd; ÄÆ@:BAIO7 >H@ ; GH; Ã]K„Ç@4RϵB‡Ò:Ä; È Ç?@ Ï6; 7ʵB‡BHÄK?KJʵÐI BH D K?K„I Ãy;Ï GAD ;K ; Ã`K DLGAGAK?4CK„5 IOè6ÃÞ ; G‡>AÇJÒ IF;BA; KJ4CKJKyIO4CÕC; >HKJBß; ; IO4; ÃGH; K ; BAÄ58BH;Ò Ï ÇILK©DOIFQ ; DOËÜÇJB Ï6; ÒC4CK„Ò6Ãà ; ; KJK„ÄÆÒ:D Ð ; Ï ; ; >G‡;7 4 ;< DF7]IFGHK„G#ÇK Ç ; ; 5­5Ó5¤IFBHÃ4ž4žDFGHÇJKJÇ?@ KJ@ Ièµ;dÃKJ;`IG#Ú Ç?ÇJÊIO@ŸBH; 4Ü7?Ã`I 7?;BHÒ:4CDOÒ:Dà ; Èd; KNK²4ŸÄÆÙBAB‡7 ; Ä ; >AGHBAÃ]G Dz@¤ÄÆD B‡7JÄiBHÈÇJ@ ; ÇJ@ Èd; B8ÃÈd5 G‡; 4ŸGAD¨4RKîqÒCÒ G‡; D7JÇJÃ`I @C; DLGAG‡K Ç.K?Ï KJÇ?IËè6@ Ãy@CG#KG‡Ç?46IOBH5 7J4žÒ:Ð:D Ý BAK.@Ä=; Ê:KJI7?7Ç B8; ; K„58K²ÒCÒCÙ DÃ Ç];K ÇJ4:@ B‡;;ÜÇNKJϵIF;È!K„; ÇÊCDO7Ë; KJÒCÒ:K DOÇ?KÇJ; @: Bq;`KÚÚ Ã ;7?Ê8Ò:Ç)D KÄÆBHIF7+4CK„ÈdÇ B8GH5 5!; Ý D=B‡ÄÖîHÏ ÇJÒ @ ;;¶7?Ë ëABAÐÖ4 ë Ο KÐ ; >  B­4 BA7]4 G#; Ç;y; Ã5 BAÒ:DLË+5ÅÇJ@ÙNBH; 4CÈd5 ; GH; Ã]7y@:Õ¨IFÙ©4 ; @R˟D G‡Ù 7?;4:IF5:4:B>; ÇÃ`;Ò:Ã]È @C4:IFîq7?ÒKJBA; ÈK Ð6Ý Ç?; @ GH; K„Q¤7 ; ÇJGAB; KJBAÙ©4¦7?I;@ Ç ; 7 ÇJ; @ IFK¥È¶; Ç?@CÕ G#Ç©Ò8Ç2Ç?@ GA; 4R; ˶˦G‡Ã]7 @C; ; GA584:I >; ÜÃ; IFÒ:4¶DÇ 7 ; ÇJÇ?Bd7JÏI ȝP#G‡GAIFD¨4H;Ç]ÈdG‡BRIF4 5 Ð:éDLKÇÕCÙ¥îq; GAÒ K©; 7JG!ËÜP Ä ; 7JG#Ë Ô ÇJÇJÒ:@ 7 ; 7 KyÏ6Õ6; K„KJÒCËRDÇ]4HKiÇ]GÙ ; Ú8; BKyÕ ;Ç?Ç]GAà IO4 Ð ÙN5*BHÙ©Ò:DFIO; 5ÇJ@)ʵÇ?BH; @ K?KJK I Ï Ï DF7JˤÒ:D7 ; KîqGAÒ:K·IF7 G‡; 4GÒ:Ã`Ê:BAÊ ; Èd7 Ê:D ; BHÇ; Ò:; 4C7 5);; Ù©BAÄC7?IÙ©Ç ;A@CÐ:G‡ÎŸÇ·; IL; Ki7]7 G#GAÇJ@ DOIL; ; KW7Ç?IFÃyPRG‡I ; ; DFDOÙ Ë ;; ; ; Ï ; GAÃ]@:; I ; ; P#G Ï D ;HÐ ; Ï ; 3IF©K¥Ä G‡Ç ;>q 7·G‡4 IFGA4d; DOD³ÇJÕ`Ã`@Ç?BA@ ÒC; DFIL˲5ŸKJKJG‡ÒG‡7 DL;K„B¶B‡ÇJ@ĨÙ=;[4:BABHÏ 4CIFGAK5 KJ; IFK¨7²IF4¦B‡Ù©ÄR5:@qÇJG‡@ËÓÇ?; G ÇJÈd@ ; GAK @4R; ÒCȝG‡ÈDAG‡ÃG‡4RDF4RGHÒCÒCKJGAGAKJDIODµè67 ÃÃ; DFG‡K„GHÒ:ÇJKJIFKJDOBAÇ?I4²èµK*ÃÙ5:G#B¶;Ç?IOÊBH4C4Ü; B‡7JÇ*ÄÆIF4qBAÊ PH7?; È BA7„DFÄÆ;P BH5 7J5dÐyÈ ñ È!IFÊ 7]BHKW; 7Çk7„Õ`Ä ;ÇJÇJ@ÃY@CÇJ; GADF7 Ë 4 ; Ð ; ; ; ÐRÝ ; ; ;  ÒCKWÇ*K ; 4C58IF4:>¶GÜè Ú8; 5ÓK ; Ç.BAęÊ:7?B ϵ; îqÒ ; 7?I ; K Ð6é 4Ÿ58BAÒ Ï ÇyÕÖÙ ; Ã`BHÒ:DF5ÓÒCK ; B‡Ç?@ ; 7²îqÒ ; 7?I ; KyÕ B‡Â ÇJ@ Ã;BA74C5Q ; ÕµËRÇ?Ù=@ BA7 7]5:KyILK2Õ ; ÇJÇ]@ à Р3îqDLÒ K„B6K„ÕyÇJÙ IFBA; 4žÃBAB‡ÄÒ:DL5*4CȝÃ`B8G‡58Q IF;4:> ÒCK ; BA@ Ä:ÇJ@ Þ D; @K?K„; Ô DOÊîHÊCÒ6G‡G‡>DOÔ³; >HK¨7 ÊCG#7JÇB#PR7?IL߇5 Ô ; 5 4CÃ`Ï B8Ë*58G IF4:KJ>!IOÇ ;AIFK Ð KÈ!„BH; BHÈ 7 ; ÇJȝIFÈ G#; Ç]K¨Ã]@; 4CB‡; KÇiÇ?ʵ@CB#G‡Ù 4 ; ; 7„IOÄÆÇJÒC@ D ; ; 74:ïBHIO4:Ò:ÄÆ>ABA@ 7?ÐÈdé ;ÄRG‡ÇJÇJ@IFBA; 4¨Ê:ï#7?BHB 7©ÏµÐµï ; 7 Ý îqÇ?Ò 7J; I; 7?P#Ë+GA; ïD IOïk4:ÇJÄÆ@ ;BA7?ÈdÈdG‡GAÇJ4RIFBAÒC4²;G‡D87 ;7?; ÇJÒ:7?D I ; KP#; Ã`G‡DLD³GAïK?7 KJ; IÇ?ÄÆÒ:Ë)7JIO46Ç?KK KDOIF; Q ÈdGA; 4qÇJILÃK©GAä:K¥;ÕCG!ã ÈdB85 ;; Õ8DiG‡îq4CÒ ;5 ; 7JËÜGHK  7
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