Utilization of Potential Water Energy in Irrigation

International Conference of Applied Science on Engineering, Business, Linguistics and Information Technology (ICo-ASCNITech) Politeknik Negeri Padang and Politeknik Ibrahim Sultan, 13-15 October 2017

ISSN : 2598-2532

Utilization of Potential Water Energy in Irrigation Channels for Pico-Hydro Power Plant Surfa Yondri1,*, Rahmat Azis Nabawi2, Fibriyanti3, Firmansyah4, Herisajani5, Syaiful Islami6 1345

Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Padang, Padang *E-mail: [email protected] 2 Teknik Mesin, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang E-mail: [email protected] 6 Teknik Elektro, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract—The study aim to explained about design of Pico-hydro Power Plant by use water potential energy on irrigation channel to generated pico-hydro scale electric energy with maximum power below 0.5 KW. Actual discharge analysis, turbine selection, type of generator used and impact of generator output toward loading were tested in the field to be able to produced pico-hydro power plant that produce electrical energy that can be enjoyed by rural communities with regard to secure generator system, environmentally friendly, easy to operate and affordable so that the electrical energy needs of remote rural communities can be overcome. Keywords—. Pico-hydro Power Plant, Water discharge, Head, Generator

water wheel and water-shot waterwheel. [3]. The falling water height can be used between 0.1 m to 12 m and the water capacity is 0.05 m3/s up to 5 m3/s [4]. The village where the potential location of water resources is located in Padang Panjang city area. The potential water source from the existing irrigation in the village is very possible to be converted into a source of electrical energy by using the Pico-hydro Power Plant.

I. INTRODUCTION In line with the social, economic and economic development of the economy as well as information, electricity has become one of the main needs for the community, including the remote communities. In the middle of 2015, Indonesian electrification ratio only reached 89.5% meaning there are still about 7 million household heads that have not been powered by electricity, if one family is assumed to consist of four people, there are almost 28 million people who have not received electricity [1]. This is due to several factors such as the limited ability of the State Electricity Company to provide and distribute electrical energy to all communities in the territory of Indonesia and also due to the difficult topographic/geographic conditions of the region, especially in remote rural areas. Today's most developed renewable energy generation technology in Indonesian is the Micro-hydro Power Plant. This technology has proven reliable and widely used for the supply of electricity in remote rural areas. This technology has proven reliable and widely used for the supply of electricity in remote rural areas. Nevertheless, micro-hydro power plants encounter some constraints both from the supply side (availability of water resources) and from the demand side. Considering the foregoing, it is necessary to develop a very small hydroelectric (pico-hydro) hydroelectric system by utilizing the potential of low-head hydro power with technology and design that allows for independence in the manufacture, installation and maintenance [2]. This study aims to design a pico-hydro power plant using a simple waterwheel by utilizing a water source from rural irrigation, which tends to be used only for agriculture. In general there are three types of waterwheels based on the water flow system, namely: over-shot water mill, under-shot

II. METHOD The flowchart of pico-hydro power plant design research using the over-shot type water mill is presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Flowchart Research on pico-hydro power plant design

III. ANALISYS AND DISCUSSION Preliminary study Pico-hydro power plant is designed and built it will be placed on irrigated rice fields in Sigando Village district Padang Panjang East Padang Panjang City. A.

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V1 = 6,25 m/s 0,203 α1 = tan−1 = 7,7° 1,5 Then: 6,25 cos 7,7 2 U1 = 3.1 m/s Turn of the mill: 60. 𝑢1 𝑁= 𝜋 . 𝐷1 60. 3,1 𝑁= 𝜋 . 0,74 𝑁 = 43,8 𝑟/𝑚 ~ 45 𝑟/𝑚 U1 =

Figure 2. Placement Locations of Pico-hydro power plant

From the results of the survey has been obtained obtained data as follows: Head (h) : 2, 5 m Debit Air (Q) : 0, 02 m3/s The speed of the water pounding the blade (V): 𝑉 = √2. 𝑔. ℎ 𝑉 = √2.9,81.2,5 = 6,25 𝑚⁄𝑠

3.

Number of Blade The blades used for this waterwheel form as shown in FIG. 3. Many blades are used as many as 12 pieces. With a spacing between the blades is 12 cm and the outer distance of the blades is 7 cm. Using iron plate with 2 mm thick.

B.

Potential of Water Flow Energy in Irrigation The amount of hydraulic power (Ph) Pico-hydro power plant using a waterwheel on irrigated rice fields in Sigando Urban Village Padang Panjang East Padang Panjang (see picture 2) can be known based on the following equation [5]: 𝑃ℎ = 9,81 . 𝑄. ℎ + 1⁄2 . 𝑄. 𝑉 2 (𝐾𝑤) Based on data head and discharge that has been obtained then the hydraulic power, as follows: 𝑃ℎ = 9,81 . 0,02. 2,5 + 1⁄2 . 0,02. 6,252 (𝐾𝑤) 𝑃ℎ = 0.88 𝐾𝑤 Figure 3. Waterwheel Pico-hydro Power Plant

Pico-hydro power plant uses a waterwheel to utilize water in irrigated rice fields, using an over-shot water mill type that has a maximum efficiency of 60-80% and no longer requires a rapid pipe. In this calculation it is assumed the efficiency is 60%, then it is obtained: 𝑃𝑘 = 𝜂𝑘 . 𝑃𝑘 𝐾𝑤 𝑃𝑘 = 0.6 . 0.88 𝐾𝑤 = 0.528 𝐾𝑤

4.

Mechanical Transmission System Mechanical transmission system using multiple pulley model to increase the rotation to be distributed to generator (see figure 4).

C. 1.

Design of the Pico-hydro Power Plant Dimension of the Mill From the survey results found the difference in height of 2.5 m, the outer diameter of waterwheel is determined by the size of 0.74 m. As for the inner diameter of the mill is determined at 0.5 m by considering the volume of water that can be accommodated by each blade based on the existing discharge. 2. Speed of Roving Wheel The speed of the circumference of the mill can be calculated through the equation [6]: V1 cos α1 U1 = 2 Where:

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Increased lap can count through the following equation:

ISSN : 2598-2532

5. Based on data of potential water from irrigated rice field in Sigando sub-district of district Padang Panjang East of Padang Panjang City, the suitable type of power plant used is pico-hydro power plant using over-shot type water mill.

𝑛1 ∅ 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 1 = 𝑛2 ∅ 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 2 ∅ 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 1. 𝑛1 𝑛2 = ∅ 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 2

REFERENCES [1] ESDM, K. 2015. Renstra Direktorat Jenderal Keteragalistrik 2015-2019. [2] Harry Setiawan, Syarif, A. S. 2010. Rancang Bangun Turbin Pikohidro dengan Bahan Komposit. [3] Soto, Gary. 1997. Water Wheel. vol. 163. No.4. http://en.wikipedia. org / wiki/ Water_wheel (17 April 2011) [4] Unggul, W. et al. 2014. Perancangan Kincir Air Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga MikroHidro (PLTMH) Desa Bendosari Kecematan Pujon Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Elektro. Vol. 7 (1) 45-48. [5] Patty, O. 1995. Tenaga Air. Jakarta: Erlangga. [6] Harvey, Adam. 1993. Micro-Hydro Design Manual. Warwickshire CV23 9QZ, UK. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd.

The rotation at n1 is equal to the rotation of the mill which is 45 r/m. 0,3048 . 45 𝑛2 = 0,0762 𝑛2 = 180 𝑟𝑝𝑚 Next rotation n2 is transmitted by pulley to generator ratio (n3), Increasing the round can count through the following equation: 0,3048 . 150 0,0762 𝑛3 = 720 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑛3 =

From the results of mechanical transmission system using multiple pulley model, then got the spin on the generator of 720 rpm. Mechanical efficiency 70 %, then obtained: 𝑛3 = 720 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑥 70 % = 504 𝑟𝑝𝑚 D.

Generator After known the amount of rotation of the engine that has been upgraded mechanical transmission system using a multiple pulley model of 504 rpm, next can be known the specifications of the generator used. In the power plant here used generator with the following basic specifications: Rated Power (w) = 500 Watts, rated voltage (v) = 24v / 48v, rated rotated speed (r / m) = 600 r/m. IV. CONCLUSION Based on survey data and pico-hydro power plant design using over-shot type water mill, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. From the survey that has been done got the data in the form of water debit 0,02 m3 / s and head 2.5 m, so known big hydraulic power (Ph) with efficiency of 60% equal to 0.528 Kw. 2. In the calculation of the water velocity relationship design fell with the diameter of the mill, it is obtained speed of the mill around 45 rpm. 3. To increase the rotation to be distributed to the generator, the feeding system used multiple pulley transmission model, with 70% mechanical efficiency obtained by rotation distributed to the generator of 504 r/m. 4. From the results of the increase of rotation by using the transmission system multi-pulley model, then get the generator specification that will be used, that is Rated Power (w) = 500 Watts, rated voltage (v) = 24v/48v, rated rotated speed (r/m) = 600 r/m.

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