V2V Channel Characteristics and Models for 5 GHz Parking Garage Channels David W. Matolak1, Ruoyu Sun1, Pengyu Liu2 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA,
[email protected] 2 Institute of Information, China Center for Information Industry Development, Beijing, China
Abstract—Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication channels are of current interest, and these channels have been characterized by both measurements and analysis in several different V2V environments such as highway, urban, and more unique environments such as tunnels. In this paper we extend prior results on the V2V channel in parking garages, based upon measurements taken in two parking garages. We provide results for path loss, delay spread, small-scale fading, and models for the 10-MHz V2V channel in the form of tapped delay parameters, for both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions. Index Terms—propagation, measurement, vehicle-to-vehicle
I.
INTRODUCTION
Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication systems have seen growing attention in recent years, e.g., [1]. These V2V systems will be part of future intelligent transportation systems (ITS) [2], and so research for them is being conducted widely, by governments, industries, and academia. The physical V2V channel has some features that make it different from the traditional cellular radio channel, namely, antenna heights of both transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are low, and both Tx and Rx are mobile [3]. Thus work on the V2V channel itself has also been plentiful in recent years, e.g., [4]-[6]. (See more extensive reference lists in [7], [8].) As with the cellular radio channel, V2V channels are often classified into different environments. Early work used channel classifications of highway, urban, and rural, but with more in-depth study, other environments were also studied, e.g., intersections [9], tunnels [10], and parking garages [11]. In this paper we expand upon our non-driving test results reported in [11] to include results from driving tests for the parking garage setting. These garages are typically built from concrete and steel, and have multiple floors. They can be above-ground or below, and enclosed or partly open to the outside. Other than our work in [11], the only other references regarding parking garage channel characteristics are [12]-[14]. Reference [12] addressed very short range (
