Variation in Transpiration Efficiency and Related ... - OAR@ICRISAT

w 7KH UDLQIDOO GXULQJ YHJHWDWLYH WR SHJJLQJ VWDJHV SOD\HGDGHWHUPLQLQJUROHXQGHUWLPHO\VRZQFRQGLWLRQ DQGFRQWULEXWHGWRKLJK\LHOGV

References Krishnamurthy SK, Padmalatha Y DQG Yogeswararao A. ,PSDFWRIGURXJKWRQGU\PDWWHUSURGXFWLRQDQG\LHOGRI JURXQGQXW Arachis hypogaea /  GXULQJ kharif VHDVRQ -RXUQDORI$JURPHWHRURORJ\ x Mayeux S.(IIHFWRIVRZLQJWLPHRQJURXQGQXW\LHOGLQ %RWVZDQD3DJHVxin3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH)LIWK5HJLRQDO *URXQGQXW :RUNVKRS IRU 6RXWKHUQ $IULFD x 0DU  /LORQJZH0DODZL1DJHVZDUD5DR5&DQG6XEUDKPDQ\DP3 HGV  3DWDQFKHUX   $QGKUD 3UDGHVK ,QGLD ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &URSV 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH IRU WKH 6HPL$ULG 7URSLFV Ramana Rao BV.2SHUDWLRQDODJULFXOWXUDOPHWHRURORJ\x SUREOHPV DQG SULRULWLHV 1HZ 'HOKL ,QGLD 'LYLVLRQ RI $JURQRP\,QGLDQ$JULFXOWXUDO5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWHSS Sahu DD, Sastry PSN DQGDixit SK.*URZLQJVHDVRQ DQG SURGXFWLYLW\ RI UDLQIHG JURXQGQXW -RXUQDO RI 2LOVHHGV 5HVHDUFK x

Variation in Transpiration Efficiency and Related Traits in a Groundnut Mapping Population R Serraj1,2, L Krishnamurthy1,*, M Jyostna Devi1, MJV Reddy1 DQGSN Nigam1 ,&5,6$73DWDQFKHUX   $QGKUD 3UDGHVK ,QGLD  3UHVHQW DGGUHVV ,$($ 6RLO  :DWHU 6HFWLRQ :DJUDPHU 6WU 9LHQQD $$XVWULD

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUONULVKQDPXUWK\#FJLDURUJ

3UHYLRXV UHVHDUFK WR HQKDQFH WKH GURXJKW WROHUDQFH RI JURXQGQXWArachis hypogaea KDVOHGWRWKHVHOHFWLRQRI WUDQVSLUDWLRQHIILFLHQF\7( DVDQLPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQW WUDLWRIZDWHUXVHHIILFLHQF\:8( DQGDPDMRUVRXUFHRI \LHOGYDULDWLRQXQGHUGURXJKWVWUHVV1DJHVZDUD5DRDQG :ULJKW 7KHQHHGWRILQGQRQGHVWUXFWLYHPHWKRGV RIVHOHFWLRQIRUGURXJKWWROHUDQWSURJHQLHVDQGWREUHHG IRU LPSURYHG 7( KDV VXEVHTXHQWO\ OHG WR WKH LGHQWLILFDWLRQRIVXUURJDWHWUDLWVWKDWDUHFORVHO\UHODWHGWR 7(VXFKDVFDUERQGLVFULPLQDWLRQ∆ &  VSHFLILF OHDI DUHD6/$ 63$'&KORURSK\OO0HWHU5HDGLQJV6&05 DQG OHDI QLWURJHQ VWDWXV 1DJHVZDUD 5DR HW DO  

42 IAN 24, 2004

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×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

Table 1. Trial means, range of best linear unbiased predicted (BLUP) means and analysis of variance of transpiration efficiency (on the basis of total biomass) and its related characteristics at stages related to stress imposition and harvest of 318 groundnut RILs and their parents TAG 24 and ICGV 86031 during MarchñApril 2004. 7UDLW

7ULDO PHDQ



5DQJHRI SUHGLFWHGPHDQV

6(G“

σ

 J

&9 

+HULWDELOLW\ K

7UDQVSLUDWLRQNJ



x



 





7UDQVSLUDWLRQHIILFLHQF\JNJ



x











x











x









6SHFLILFOHDIDUHDDWWKHVWDUWRI VWUHVVFP J 



6SHFLILFOHDIDUHDDWKDUYHVWFPJ 6&05DWWKHVWDUWRIVWUHVV



x









6&05DWZHHNDIWHUVWUHVV



x









6&05DWKDUYHVW



x









 6&05 63$'&KORURSK\OO0HWHU5HDGLQJV  +HULWDELOLW\ZDVHVWLPDWHGDVK σJσJσH   6WDQGDUGHUURUYDOXHVDUHJLYHQLQSDUHQWKHVHV

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

RI$OILVROPL[HGZLWKJRI0XOWLSOH[YHUPLFRPSRVW DQGJRIGLDPPRQLXPSKRVSKDWH'$3 ZHUHSODQWHG ZLWKDVLQJOHVHHGRIHDFK5,/LQDQDOSKDODWWLFH×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

IAN 24, 2004

43

Table 2. Correlation coefficients among various transpiration efficiency (TE)-related traits of 318 groundnut RILs and their parents1.

7UDLW 7(JNJ 6/$FPJ SUHWUHDWPHQW 6/$FPJ DWKDUYHVW 6&05DWWKHVWDUWRIVWUHVV 6&05DIWHUGD\VRIVWUHVV 6&05DWKDUYHVW

7UDQVSLUDWLRQ NJ

7( JNJ

6/$FPJ SUHWUHDWPHQW

6/$FPJ DWKDUYHVW



− −

− 



− −

 





−

−

−

− −

−

6&05 DWWKHVWDUW RIVWUHVV

6&05 DIWHUGD\V RIVWUHVV







 6/$ 6SHFLILFOHDIDUHD6&05 63$'&KORURSK\OO0HWHU5HDGLQJV

 6LJQLILFDQWDWOHYHO

 6LJQLILFDQWDWOHYHO

 6LJQLILFDQWDWOHYHO

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

6&05 PHDVXUHGDUHPRVWO\OLQNHGWR7(DIWHULPSRVLWLRQ RIVWUHVVDQGSDUWLFXODUO\DWPLGZD\WKURXJKVWUHVV7KH KHULWDELOLW\YDOXHIRU6/$ZDVWKHKLJKHVW IROORZHG E\ WKDW IRU 6&05   +RZHYHU WKHVH YDOXHV ZHUH ORZ IRU 7( RU WUDQVSLUDWLRQ 7DEOH   EHFDXVH WKHVH YDOXHV DUH WKH SODQW ELRPDVV EDVHG HVWLPDWHV DQG WKHUHIRUHZRXOGKDYHWKHUHIOHFWLRQVRISRO\JHQLFFRQWURO DVVHHQIRUVKRRWELRPDVVLQFKLFNSHDCicer arietinum XQGHUWHUPLQDOGURXJKW6HUUDMHWDO $OVR7(ZDV HVWLPDWHG IURP D SUH DQG SRVWWUHDWPHQW KDUYHVW WKHQ ZLWKDGLIIHUHQWVHWRISODQWVDQGORZQXPEHURIUHSOLFDWLRQV LQFUHDVLQJWKHPHDVXUHPHQWRI7( 7KH)76:WKUHVKROGYDOXHHVWLPDWHGIRU,&*9 ZDVDQGWKDWRI7$*ZDV7KHVHYDOXHVZHUH DERXWWKHVDPHREVHUYHGLQWKHILUVWH[SHULPHQWFRQILUPLQJ

Figure 1. 5HODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWUDQVSLUDWLRQHIILFLHQF\JNJ DQG WKH IUDFWLRQ RI DYDLODEOH VRLO ZDWHU )76:  WKUHVKROG DW ZKLFK WKH VWRPDWDO FRQWURO VWDUWV OLPLWLQJ WUDQVSLUDWLRQ  LQ VHYHQ JURXQGQXW YDULHWLHV ZLWK FRQWUDVWLQJ WUDQVSLUDWLRQ WUDQVSLUDWLRQHIILFLHQF\DQGKDUYHVWLQGH[FKDUDFWHULVWLFV

Figure 2. )UHTXHQF\GLVWULEXWLRQRIWUDQVSLUDWLRQHIILFLHQF\RI JURXQGQXW5,/VDORQJZLWKWKHLUSDUHQWV,&*9DQG 7$*JURZQLQDSRWFXOWXUHDQGH[SRVHGWRSURJUHVVLYHO\ LQFUHDVLQJ GURXJKW VWUHVV WLOO DERXW SHUPDQHQW ZLOWLQJ SRLQW GXULQJVHDVRQ

44 IAN 24, 2004

WKHYDULHWDOGLIIHUHQFHVLQWKHOHYHORIGURXJKWVWUHVVDW ZKLFKWKHVWRPDWDOFRQWUROVWDUWVUHJXODWLQJWKHZDWHUORVV ,QFRQFOXVLRQDGHTXDWHYDULDWLRQIRU7(LVDYDLODEOH DPRQJWKHSDUHQWVDVZHOODVWKH5,/VDQGFRQVLGHULQJWKH SRRUKHULWDELOLW\RI7(LWLVQHFHVVDU\WRLGHQWLI\PROHFXODU PDUNHUVIRUWKLVWUDLW$OWKRXJKWKHUHODWLRQVKLSRI6/$ DQG6&05ZLWK7(ZDVVLJQLILFDQW5YDOXHVUHPDLQHG IDLUO\ORZx 7KHUHIRUH6/$DQG6&05FDQ EHXVHIXOVXUURJDWHVDVDSUR[\IRU7(RQO\ZKHQGLUHFW ELRPDVVEDVHGHYDOXDWLRQRI7(LVQRWSRVVLEOHOLNHLQ ILHOGH[SHULPHQWV+RZHYHUGLUHFWPHDVXUHPHQWRI7( UHPDLQV WKH EHVW RSWLRQ ZKHQ WKH QHHG WR HVWLPDWH 7( SUHFLVHO\LVUHTXLUHGIRUH[DPSOHIRUDSUHFLVHSK\VLRORJLFDO FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQRIWKDWWUDLWRUWRSKHQRW\SHIRU7(IRU IXUWKHUJHQRW\SLQJDQGLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIPROHFXODUPDUNHUV Acknowledgment. 7KHDXWKRUVJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJH WKH WHFKQLFDO DVVLVWDQFH SURYLGHG LQ FRQGXFWLQJ WKH H[SHULPHQWVDQGFROOHFWLRQRIGDWDE\WKHWHFKQLFLDQVRI &URS3K\VLRORJ\/DEDQG*URXQGQXW%UHHGLQJ,&5,6$7 3DWDQFKHUX,QGLD

References Bindu Madhava H, Sheshshayee MS, Shankar AG, Prasad TG DQG Udayakumar M.  8VH RI 63$' FKORURSK\OO PHWHUWRDVVHVVWUDQVSLUDWLRQHIILFLHQF\RISHDQXW3DJHVxin %UHHGLQJ RI GURXJKWUHVLVWDQW SHDQXW SURFHHGLQJV RI D &ROODERUDWLYH5HYLHZ0HHWLQJx)HE+\GHUDEDG ,QGLD&UXLFNVKDQN$:5DFKDSXWL1&:ULJKW*&DQG1LJDP 61HGV $&,$53URFHHGLQJV1R&DQEHUUD$XVWUDOLD $XVWUDOLDQ&HQWUHIRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO$JULFXOWXUDO5HVHDUFK Nageswara Rao RC, Talwar HS DQG Wright GC.  5DSLG DVVHVVPHQW RI VSHFLILF OHDI DUHD DQG OHDI QLWURJHQ LQ SHDQXW Arachis hypogaea /  XVLQJ D FKORURSK\OO PHWHU -RXUQDORI$JURQRP\DQG&URS6FLHQFHx Nageswara Rao RC DQGWright GC.6WDELOLW\RIWKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ VSHFLILF OHDI DUHD DQG FDUERQ LVRWRSH GLVFULPLQDWLRQ DFURVV HQYLURQPHQWV LQ SHDQXW &URS 6FLHQFH x Nigam SN, Cruickshank AW, Rachaputi NC, Wright GC DQG Basu MS.  :KHUH WR IURP KHUH" 3DJHV x in %UHHGLQJ RI GURXJKWUHVLVWDQW SHDQXW SURFHHGLQJV RI D &ROODERUDWLYH5HYLHZ0HHWLQJx)HE+\GHUDEDG ,QGLD &UXLFNVKDQN $: 5DFKDSXWL 1& :ULJKW *& DQG 1LJDP 61 HGV  $&,$5 3URFHHGLQJV 1R  &DQEHUUD $XVWUDOLD $XVWUDOLDQ &HQWUH IRU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $JULFXOWXUDO 5HVHDUFK Serraj R, Allen HL DQG Sinclair TR.  6R\EHDQ OHDI JURZWK DQG JDV H[FKDQJH UHVSRQVH WR GURXJKW XQGHU FDUERQ GLR[LGHHQULFKPHQW*OREDO&KDQJH%LRORJ\x

Serraj R, Krishnamurthy L, Kashiwagi J, Kumar J, Chandra S DQGCrouch JH.9DULDWLRQLQURRWWUDLWVRI FKLFNSHDCicer arietinum/ JURZQXQGHUWHUPLQDOGURXJKW )LHOG&URSV5HVHDUFKx Sinclair TR DQGLudlow MM.,QIOXHQFHRIVRLOZDWHU VXSSO\ RQ WKH SODQW ZDWHU EDODQFH RI IRXU WURSLFDO JUDLQ OHJXPHV$XVWUDOLDQ-RXUQDORI3ODQW3K\VLRORJ\x Udayakumar M, Sheshshayee MS, Nataraj KN, Bindu Madhava H, Devendra R, Aftab Hussain ISDQGPrasad TG.  :K\ KDV EUHHGLQJ IRU ZDWHUXVH HIILFLHQF\ QRW EHHQ VXFFHVVIXO"$QDQDO\VLVDQGDOWHUQDWHDSSURDFKWRH[SORLWWKLV WUDLWIRUFURSLPSURYHPHQW&XUUHQW6FLHQFHx

Effect of Irrigation Regimes, Weed Management and Growth Regulators on Protein and Dry Pod Yields of Groundnut Grown Under Polythene Mulch ST Thorat 'U %6 .RQNDQ .ULVKL 9LG\DSHHWK 'DSROL 5DWQDJLUL'LVWULFW0DKDUDVKWUD,QGLD (PDLOVKULUDQJB7KRUDW#UHGLIIPDLOFRP

,QGLD LV WKH VHFRQG ODUJHVW SURGXFHU RI JURXQGQXW Arachis hypogaea DFFRXQWLQJIRUDUHDPLOOLRQ KD  DQG  SURGXFWLRQ  PLOOLRQ W  RI WKH ZRUOG +RZHYHUWKHSURGXFWLYLW\LQ,QGLDLVRQO\NJKD x DVFRPSDUHGWRWKHZRUOGt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

IAN 24, 2004

45