Vegetative Growth and Yield Performance of Four

American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (4): 514-517, 2015 ISSN 1818-6769 © IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.4.12565

Vegetative Growth and Yield Performance of Four Chilli (Capsicum frutescens) Cultivars 1

M.S.N. Chowdhury, 1F. Hoque, 2H. Mehraj and 3A.F.M. Jamal Uddin

Department of Agricultural Botany The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, Japan 3 Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh 1

2

Abstract: Four varieties of Chilli V1 (Magura), V2 (Kajoli), V3 (Vaduria) and V 4 (Bogra Morich) showed wide differences in their genotypic constituents reflected by morphological status. Major characters of growth and yield such as plant height, days to first flower bud initiation, number of flowers/plant, number of fruits/plant, number of fruits/plot, individual fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, yield/plant, yield/plot, dry weight of fruit/plant, number of seed/fruit and Vitamin C content were influenced by cultivars. However, the maximum number of fruits (265.5/plant and 2949.0/plot), yield (291.3 g/plant and 4.6 kg/plant), dry weight of fruit (100.7 g/plant) and Vitamin C (83.1 mg/100 g fruit) was found from V 2, while minimum from V 4. Key words: Capsicum frutescens

Cultivars

Growth and yield

INTRODUCTION

point in view, current study was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield and quality performance of four chilli cultivars.

Chilli (Capsicum frutescens) belongs to Solanaceae family refers to fruit which is usually cone-shaped, smaller and the pungency may be very mild to intensely hot. Pepper is widely cultivated for its fruits which have a recognized nutritional value. In fact, they are an excellent source of various antioxidant compounds like flavonoids, carotenoids and Vitamin-C [1]. The unripe fruits are green or purple in colour but turn red, orange, yellow or brown when ripe [2]. The very hot varieties of chilies have a high content of the alkaloid capsaicin (C18H2703) which imparts the pungency or spicy taste. Pepper like other vegetables crops contributes nutritiously with nutrients that may be lacking in other food materials hence improve food intake [3]. It is used in variety of ways for home consumptions, catering and industries [4]. In 2010-2011, average production of green chilli in Bangladesh was about 1.69 t ha 1 [5] and this low yield may be due to the lack of better cultivars [6, 7]. There is a lot of variability among chili genotypes in Bangladesh. Evaluation of the varietal performance is a possible way to find the suitable variety for the cultivation in farmer’s field. Considering above

MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental Location and Period of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm, Shere-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during October 2013 to September 2014. Genetic Materials and Experimental Design: Experiment consisted four chilli cultivars coded as V1 (Magura), V2 (Kajoli), V3 (Vaduria) and V4 (Bogra Morich) in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Description of the Plot: The size of unit plot was 1.6 m x 1.6 m. The distance between both blocks and plots were 0.5 m. Seedlings were planted in plot by maintaining a spacing of both plant to plant and row to row of distance 40 cm x 40 cm. Each plot contained 16 plants.

Corresponding Author: H. Mehraj, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarami, Matsumaya, Ehime 790-8556, Japan.

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Fertilization: Cow dung, Urea, TSP, MP and Borax were applied @ 10 t/ha, 210 kg/ha, 330 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 5 kg/ha respectively. Entire amount of Cow dung, TSP, Borax and 65 kg MP were applied during the final land preparation. Entire amount of Urea and rest of MP were applied in three installments at 25, 50 and 70 days after transplanting (DAT).

a valid basis for assessing the effects of short term fluctuations in environmental variables on photosynthesis [10]. Chlorophyll Content: The maximum chlorophyll content was found from V1 (60.9%) which was statistically identical with V2 (59.9%) and V3 (59.3%), while the minimum from V4 (52.8%) at 80 DAT (Table 1).

Data Collection and Measuring Procedures: Data were collected on plant height, number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, days to first flower bud initiation, number of flowers/plant, number of fruits/plant, number of fruits/plot, individual fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, yield/plant, yield/plot, dry weight of fruit/plant, number of seed/fruit and Vitamin C content. Number of flowers/plant and number of fruits/plant was counted up to 4 months at every single day interval from the first flower and fruit. Leaf area (using CL-202 Leaf Area Meter by destructive method), chlorophyll content (using SPAD-502) were measured at 80 DAT. Fruit diameter was measured using Digital Caliper-515 (DC-515).

Days to First Flower Bud Initiation: Days to first flower bud initiation for chilli cultivars showed a significant variation. Early flower bud initiation was found from V3 (32.5 days) which was statistically identical with V 2 (35.5 days), while late from V1 (59.5 days) (Table 1). Days required to flowering in chilli crop mainly depend on the variety [9, 11]. By the days to flower bud initiation and flowering is a basis for measuring the early or late cultivars. Number of Flowers/Plant, Fruits/Plant and Fruits/Plot: Number of flowers/plant, fruits/plant and fruits/plot showed significant variation among the cultivars. The maximum number of flowers was found from V3 (299.3/plant) which was statistically identical with V2 (298.8/palnt), whereas the minimum from V4 (49.0/plant) (Table 1). The maximum number of fruits was found from V2 (265.5/plant and 2949.0/plot) which was statistically identical with V3 (262.3/plant and 2871.0/plot), whereas the minimum from V 4 (36.8/plant and 388.5/plot) which statistically identical with V1 (106.8/plant and 1199.0/plot) (Table 2). Chilli was significantly different from one cultivar to another in number of fruit [12]. Single fruit weight: Significant variation was found among the cultivars for single fruit weight. The maximum single fruit weight was found from V 1 (1.9 g) followed by V3 (1.2 g) whereas minimum from V4 (0.7 g) which was statistically identical with V2 (0.9 g) (Table 2). Variation in the fresh weight of single fruit among the cultivars also found by Obidiebube et al. [12].

Estimation of Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid): Vitamin-C content was estimated by Oxidation Reduction Titration Method. Statistical Analysis: Collected data were statistically analyzed using MSTAT-C computer package programme. Difference between treatments was assessed by Least Significance Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance [8]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Plant Height: Plant height of chilli cultivars showed significant variation. The tallest plant was found from V1 (92.5 cm), while the shortest from V4 (66.1 cm) at 80 DAT (Table 1). There is a lot of variation in height of Capsicum plants [9]. Number of Branches/Plant: The maximum number of branches was found from V4 (24.5/plant), while the minimum from V3 (15.8/plant) which was statistically identical with V2 (17.8/plant) and V 1 (18.5/plant) at 80 DAT (Table 1).

Single Fruit Length and Diameter: Fruit length and diameter showed significant variation among the cultivars. The maximum fruit length and diameter was found from V 1 (8.5 cm and 3.6 cm, respectively), while the minimum from V4 (5.3 cm and 0.6 cm, respectively) (Table 2). In case of chilli fruits, length is having market value because normally medium to long fruits are preferred by customers [9], while extra large fruit is undesirable because it is usually associated with lower productivity, irregular fruit shape and poor quality [13].

Leaf Area: The maximum leaf area was found from V2 (113.8 cm2) which was statistically identical with V4 (107.6 cm2) and V3 (106.8 cm2), while the minimum from V1 at 80 DAT (85.1 cm2) (Table 1). Varietal difference in average leaf area was observed in current study. Unit leaf area is 515

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (3): 514-517, 2015 Table 1: Response of chilli cultivars to different attributes X

Varieties

At 80 DAT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Plant height (cm) Number of branches/plant Leaf area (cm2) Chlorophyll content (%)

Days to first flower bud initiation

V1 V2 V3 V4

92.5a 81.8b 82.2b 66.1c

18.5B 17.8B 15.8B 24.5A

85.1b 113.8a 106.8a 107.6a

60.9a 59.9a 59.3a 52.8b

59.5a 35.5c 32.5c 50.0b

LSD0.05 CV%

7.9 6.1

3.2 10.4

8.3 5.0

5.2 5.6

6.1 9.5

X

In a column means having similar letter (s) are statistically identical and those having dissimilar letter (s) differ significantly as per 0.01 level of probability

Table 2: Response of chilli cultivars to flower and fruit characters X

Varieties V1 V2 V3 V4 LSD0.05 CV% X

Number of --------------------------------------------------------------------------------flowers/plant fruits /plant fruits/plot 135.3b 298.8a 299.3a 49.0c 76.6 4.5

106.8b 265.5a 262.3a 36.8b 81.3 10.3

1199.0b 2949.0a 2871.0a 388.5b 957.8 12.3

Single fruit ------------------------------------------------------------------------weight (g) length (cm) diameter (cm) 1.9a 0.9c 1.2b 0.7c 0.2 9.9

8.5a 7.0b 7.0b 5.3c 1.1 9.6

3.6a 1.7c 2.2b 0.6d 0.5 6.6


Table 3: Response of chilli cultivars to yield and quality characters X

Varieties V1 V2 V3 V4 LSD0.05 CV% X

Yield -----------------------------------------------/plant (g) /plot (kg) 197.9c 291.3a 232.8b 44.6d 33.2 10.8

Dry weight of fruits (g)/plant

Number of seeds/fruit

45.8b 100.7a 99.1a 24.5c 19.4 8.0

30.8d 40.5c 54.0b 60.6a 4.1 4.4

3.1c 4.6a 3.7b 0.7d 0.5 11.0

Vitamin C (mg /100gm fruit) 75.2c 83.1a 79.4b 66.0d 1.9 1.6


Yield: Yield of the chilli cultivars showed a significant variation. The maximum yield was found from V2 (291.3 g/plant and 4.6 kg/plot) followed by V3 (232.8 g/plant and 3.7 kg/plot), whereas the minimum from V4 (44.6 g/plant and 0.7 kg/plot) (Table 3). Mehraj et al. [14] studied the performance of four chilli lines and found variation on yield among the lines. Padda et al. [15] observed 113.7 to 399.8 g fresh weight of fruits per plant of chilli varieties in Punjab. Mathai et al. [16] recorded 271 to 369 g fresh weight of fruits per plant of chilli selection during summer, 1975. The difference in yield of cultivars has been attributed to the genetic make-up [17, 18]. Large varietal variations in yields were also reported by Rajput et al. [19].

(Table 3). Mehraj et al. [14] studied the performance of four chilli lines and found that dry weight of 50 fruits varied from lines to lines and results of that study supports the findings of the current experiment. Number of Seeds: Number of seeds showed significant variation among the cultivars. The maximum number of seeds was found from V4 (60.6/fruit), while the minimum from V2 (40.5/fruit) (Table 3). Number of seeds per fruit varied due to the variation of genetic materials of chilli. Number of seeds per fruit ranged from 46.8 to 69.0 among the studied four chilli lines [14]. Vitamin C: The maximum Vitamin C content was found from V2 (83.1 mg /100gm fruit) while minimum from V4 (66.0 mg /100gm fruit) (Table 3). Mehraj et al. [14] also studied four chilli lines and evaluated the Vitamin C content which was ranged from 65.6 mg /100gm fruit to 80.5 mg /100gm fruit.

Dry Weight of Fruits: Dry weight of fruits varied significantly among the cultivars. However, maximum dry weight of fruits was found from V2 (100.7 g/plant) which was statistically identical with V3 (99.1 g/plant), whereas the minimum from V4 (24.5/plant) 516

Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (3): 514-517, 2015

CONCLUSION From the above result and discussion, it can be concluded that Kajoli (V2) cultivars generated highest number of fruits, yield and Vitamin C content which was statistically identical with Vaduria (V3) as compared to Magura (V1) and Bogra Morich (V4). REFERENCES 1.

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