Ethernet is cheap and fast. â Know-how of Ethernet is much more ... Picture of Industrial Communications. Industrial Domain. Industrial Wireless. Office domain.
Industrial Open Day 16 – 18 October 2008, Barcelona
The Status and Trends of Industrial Networking Prof. Dr. Jürgen Jasperneite inIT – Institut Industrial IT Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences, Lemgo/Germany
Visions meet Solutions Agenda
● Industrial automation ●
● ●
● Market and requirements Our picture of industrial communications ● Industrial ethernet ● Security ● Industrial wireless ● Virtual automation networks The Evolution of Industrial Communications Conclusion
Visions meet Solutions Relevance of the industrial automation market
Shares from world market of 228 Billion €
Source: ZVEI, 4/2007
Europe still is the technological leader in this field.
Visions meet Solutions The Part of Networking in Industrial Automation Requirements • Temporal • Timeliness • Predictability • Dependability • Reliability • Safety • Security
● Requirements can not be met by IT networks! ● Loss of communication results in loss of all system services Critical ressource of any distributed system
Visions meet Solutions Networks on the Factory Floor
Remote Services ERP applications
Ethernet TCP/IP
e.g. Ethernet, ARCnet
e.g. Profibus, Interbus
IO-Link Technical process
Visions meet Solutions Different Requirements at each Level Message size
Response time
Frequency of Data exchange
MByte
sec
seldom
Bits
ms
often
Plant
Technical Process
● Using specific networks at different levels leads to static configurations less flexibility
Visions meet Solutions Driving Force: Trend to Industrial IT
● RT controller and field devices become more and more communicative ● PC based, embedded control ● General purpose operating systems, e.g. WIN CE ● Lots of build-in IT functionality ● TCP/IP based connectivity ● Web based management ● SQL client …… ● Multifunctional devices ● Logic control, motion control and HMI in one
● Expectations from the late 1990s ● Seamless connectivity; „CEO can talk to sensors “ ● Ethernet is cheap and fast ● Know-how of Ethernet is much more spreaded than of Fieldbus systems ● Ethernet becomes the „general purpose network“ in the industry. ● Only one instead of multiple communications systems ● BUT: Especially temporal requirements lead to specific branches ● Cannot longer profit of the mainstream development (e.g. higher bit rate)
Visions meet Solutions Our Picture of Industrial Communications Virtual Automation Networks public networks
Office domain
Industrial domain
GSM, UMTS
IT-Security Industrial Domain
Industrial Wireless 1G fieldbus
Industrial Industrial Ethernet Ethernet
Industrial domain
Visions meet Solutions The Faces of Industrial Ethernet
…. and 15 more!
Visions meet Solutions A Taxonomy of Industrial Ethernet (RTE)
Visions meet Solutions Our Picture of Industrial Communications Virtual Automation Networks Public networks
Office domain
Industrial domain
IT IT-Security Security
GSM, UMTS
Industrial domain
Industrial Wireless 1G fieldbus
Industrial Ethernet
Industrial domain
Visions meet Solutions IT Security in Automation
● Security was no topic in 1G ICS ● Increasing connectivity and popularity of PC-based automation leads to ● ●
● ●
higher security risks in industrial automation From all security objectives availability and integrity often have the highest priority in industrial systems IT security has been an issue for office automation and e-commerce environments for quite some time ● Approach: software update after discovering new vulnerabilities ● Not applicable to Industrial Automation systems due to: – Infrequent service time slots in production schedule – Low bandwidth of access links to the devices – Many updates with many suppliers becomes uncontrollable . Automation devices doesn’t support secure communication protocols How to secure legacy systems currently in operation?
Source: Siemens , POF, Fall 2007
Visions meet Solutions Concept of Secure Zones
Remote access DMZ External
Industrial Ethernet RT Controller
RT Controller
ZONE 1 Remote IO
ZONE 2 Remote IO
Technical process
Visions meet Solutions Our Picture of Industrial Communications virtual automation networks public networks
office domain
industrial domain
GSM, UMTS
IT security industrial domain 1G fieldbus
industrial ethernet
Industrial Wireless
industrial domain
Visions meet Solutions Industrial Wireless
● Currently wireless technologies are of special interest in academic research
●
and industry Main use case: cable replacement, but as reliable as a wire
● Ruggedized WLAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee products are available today ● ● ●
● Transparent transport service, e.g. for bridging PROFINET traffic Wireless HART (802.15.4 based) for process automation is there A solution for factory automation is still open ● Approaches based on Zigbee and BT are under investigation Co-existence might be a „show stopper“ for the deployment of wireless in automation
Example: NEC Zigbee solution
Visions meet Solutions The Evolution of Industrial Communication Systems Remote IO
Decentral Automation
Distributed Automation
IEC 61158 2G ICS
1G ICS
IEC 61158 61158 IEC
IEC 61158 + Ind. Ethernet + Ind. Wireless
3G ICS
2G ICS + WAN „Internet of smart machines“
time
Visions meet Solutions Conclusions
● Information technologies will push industrial automation ● Devices are equipped with more IT functionality ● But: not all requirements can be fulfilled Modifications/Extensions are necessary ● Complexity of the systems increases – More technologies involved – From static defined products to continously updated products
● Industrial communication systems becomes more and more heterogeneous ● ● ● ●
Installation of fieldbus systems is still growing 2nd generation ICS based on RTE is in the phase of deployment Wireless solutions will be used at the edge of ICS In the future internetworking of local industrial realtime domains forms the 3G ICS
