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Water Supply And Watershed Management - USDA ARS
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Water Supply And Watershed Management - USDA ARS
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Stoneville, Mississippi. Water Supply. And ... into River. Loss of flow from aquifer. Aquifer today. Sunflower River. Mi
Water Supply And Watershed Management • Dean Pennington Ph.D. • Stoneville, Mississippi
Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Alluvial Aquifer
• The
aquifer is the source of ~90% of irrigation used in Mississippi Delta.
Map credit: US Geological Survey
Permitted Water use locations in Mississippi +90% Groundwater Delta 3,000,000 acres farmed 2,000,000 irrigated
Ground ZERO well
Sunflower River
Flow from aquifer into River
Min of 100 cfs
Aquifer before 1975
Sunflower River
Loss of flow from aquifer
Min of 10 cfs
Aquifer today
1988 Sunflower at Sunflower
25
20
Irrigation Season Stage
15
10
5
0 1/1
2/20
4/10
5/30
7/19
Date
9/7
10/27
12/16
1988 Sunflower at Sunflower
25
20
Drier late summer. Flows to zero without irrigation runoff.
Stage
15
10
5
0 1/1
2/20
4/10
5/30
7/19
Date
9/7
10/27
12/16
What can we do to balance the Delta’s water budget? 1) Conservation (Only as much as you need) 2) New surface water supplies (projects)
Irrigation Method Straight 3.1 ft Contour 3.8 ft
Zero Grade 1.6 ft Side Inlet 2.3 ft
What can we do to balance the Delta’s water budget? 1) Conservation (Only as much as you need) 2) New surface water supplies (projects)
Project Locations East Arkabutla, Sardis, Enid, Grenada, Reservoirs West Mississippi River -Direct -Well fields
Sunflower Weir in Clarksdale
Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Alluvial Aquifer
• The
aquifer is the source of ~90% of irrigation used in Mississippi Delta.
Map credit: US Geological Survey
Major US irrigation areas USGS
Lower Mississippi River has 2 of the top 10 states for irrigated acres
Conservation Potential Runoff to ditch Root zone Used
Below root zone Back to aquifer?
Applied to Crops
Evaporation
Bank storage Used by plants
Stream gage Back to Aquifer
Groundwater And Surface Water
Agriculture And Environment
Annual Overdraft Average = 400,000 acre foot loss per year
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