Nov 14, 2016 - Matthew Denwood, Søren S. Nielsen, Anne M. Michelsen, Tine Rousing,. Jan T. Sørensen, Hans Houe. Welfare assessment of Danish dairy.
Welfare assessment of Danish dairy herds The Danish Animal Welfare Index Nina D. Otten, Marlene K. Kirchner, Björn Forkman, Matthew Denwood, Søren S. Nielsen, Anne M. Michelsen, Tine Rousing, Jan T. Sørensen, Hans Houe
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The Danish Animal Welfare Index (DAWIN) • Veterinærforlig II (2013-2016) • National indices for: • dairy cattle and dairy calves (aged 0-180 days) • Slaughter pigs, weaners, piglets and sows
• Cooperating partners: • University of Copenhagen • Aarhus University • Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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Animal welfare definition – the hedonistic view
ANIMAL WELFARE PRINCIPLES GOOD FEEDING GOOD HOUSING GOOD HEALTH APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR
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Materials and methods • Random sample of 90 dairy herds (≥80 cows) • Recruitment procedure (AU): • Invitation by letter • Follow-up and confirmation by phone call
• Final sample of 60 participating herds • Geographically dispersed throughout DK CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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Materials and methods CONVENTIONAL N=51
ORGANIC N=9
Size
Breed
50-200
HOL
27
5
RDM/DRH
2
1
JER
4
2
HOL
8
200-300
>300
JER
2
HOL
5
JER
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NTOTAL=60
NTOTAL=41
NTOTAL=11
NTOTAL=8
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On-farm welfare assessment
COWS
• Animal-based measure: •
Avoidance distance at the feeding table
• Resources outside cow area: • •
Length of feeding table/neck rail/no. feeding slots Sick and calving pens (number/water provision/bedding/total floorage)
• Animal-based measures • •
Behaviour – lying down and collisions, lying outside, pain face, getting up Clinical observations – BCS, cleanliness, integument alterations, claws, lameness
• Resources inside cow area: •
Total floorage, no. cubicles, bedding, water points (no./cleanliness),brushes
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
Gleerup et al. 2015
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Animal-based measures
COWS BCS: Normal Lean Fat
Cleanliness (0/1): Low leg Hindquarter Udder
Integument : Hairless patches Lesions Swellings
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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Overgrown claws (0/1)
Lameness: Non lame Moderate Severe
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On-farm welfare assessment • Animal-based measures: • • • • •
BCS Cleanliness Respiratory disorders Diarrhea Integument alterations
• Resource-based measures: • Access to feed, water, other calves, brushes, sick pen • Total floorage, bedding
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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CALVES
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Welfare challenges
COWS
Good Feeding CleanWater
WaterSupply
85.2
Only 14 % of herds have sufficient water supply (compliance with given legislation)
50.7
FeedBunkSpace
BodyConditionScore
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79.8
90.7
52 % of herds have sufficient feed bunk space per cow (compliance with given legislation)
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Welfare challenges
COWS
Mean of 46 % dirty udders Good Housing TotalFloorageSickCalving AccessCalvingPen AccessSickPen Cubicles TotalFloorage CleanlinessUdder CleanlinessLowerHind CleanlinessHindQuarters BeddingMaterial GettingUpBehaviour CollidingWithEquipment TimeNeededToLieDown LyingOutsideLyingArea Tethering
Only 22 % of herds have sufficient total area per cow (compliance with given legislation)
93.6 100 89.9 80.3 58.7 78.1 58.7 79 77.9 88 78.5 70.1 15.1 99.2 0
One herd with 100 % clean cows ☺ Mean of 43 % dirty lower legs
20
40
60
10
80
Mean of 44 % dirty hind quarters
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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120
As many as 70 % of herds have a high proportion of cows lying outside the lying area
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Welfare challenges
COWS
Good Health HealedFractures (Abattoir data)
98.8
LiverDisease (Abbatoir data)
97.9
Pyemia (Abattoir data)
99.7
ProperEuthasia
100
PainFace
Hock lesions : 8 herds with no lesions, mean=19 % (0-46%) Carpal lesions: 15 herds with no lesions, mean= 5 % (0-12%)
95.7
Stillborn
74.8
Mortality
11
58.1
BulkTankSCC
93.7
OvergrownClaws
97.4
IntegumentAlterations
53.4
Lameness
Non-lame: mean= 63.9 % (19.9-100%)
71.6 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Moderate: mean=28% (1.5-78.6%) Severe: mean=10.6 % (1.5-35 %) CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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Welfare challenges
COWS
Appropriate Behaviour AvoidanceDistance
42.2
CowBrush
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
12
60
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
Only 3 % of herds have sufficient numbers of working cow brushes (compliance with given legislation)
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Welfare challenges • Clinical observations (N=3090 calves) • Cleanliness: Mild = 22 % Very dirty (>25 % of body)= 6.6 %
• Integument alterations: hairless patches= 20 % Lesions/swellings= 1.1 %
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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CALVES
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Welfare challenges • Resources • Individual housed (N=3090 calves) • No access to other calves: 19 % • Insufficient water supply/no access: 26 % • Insufficient space: 26 %
• Group housed (638 pens) • Insufficient water supply/no access: 19 % • Insufficient space: 17 %
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CALVES
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Conclusion • The DAWIN for dairy cows and calves is developed and ready for implementation…so stay tuned ☺ • Year 2018 is scheduled to be T0 • Added value for stakeholders in terms of campaign planning • Added value for farmers in terms of animal welfare issues on farm compared to the national population
CPH Cattle 2016 N.D.Otten Section for Animal Welfare & Disease Control
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Acknowledgements • All participating herds and farmers • AU ANIS (EMA) – Jan Tind Sørensen, Tine Rousing, Pia Haun Poulsen, Mari Reiten, Victor H. Silva de Oliveira • KU SUND (AWDC)- Björn Forkman, Marlene K. Kirchner, Anne Marie Michelsen, Franziska Hakansson, Vibe Pedersen Lund, Matthew Denwood, Søren S. Nielsen and Hans Houe • The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
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