Session: Workshop Summaries
HRI’18 Companion, March 5-8, 2018, Chicago, IL, USA
Workshop on Longitudinal Human-Robot Teaming Joachim de Greeff
Bradley Hayes
Matthew Gombolay
Delft University of Technology
[email protected]
University of Colorado Boulder
[email protected]
Georgia Institute of Technology
[email protected]
Matthew Johnson
Mark Neerincx
Jurriaan van Diggelen
IHMC
[email protected]
Delft University of Technology
[email protected]
TNO Human Factors
[email protected]
Melissa Cefkin
Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov´a
Nissan USA
[email protected]
DFKI
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
them capable of sophisticated interdependent joint activity with people and other robots is also required (i.e., teamwork). This includes not only fluid orchestration of task hand-offs among different people and robots, but also combined participation on shared tasks requiring continuous and close interaction (i.e., co-activity). Joint activity requires effective cooperation, coordination and communication among human and robot participants. For humans, the social qualities required for joint activity come naturally. For robots, they need to be “designed-in” deeply from the beginning in order for them to become effective team-players. It is not enough to paint on a a thin veneer of a pretty interface after the fact. Importantly, teamwork does not happen in just one moment, but extends and develops over time. Long-term joint activity is bound to face changes in the environment, possibly changes in the (structure of) the team and/or in the way that tasks are performed and in the expectations that team members have of each other and their teaming. As a team faces different situations it accumulates experience and this allows it to grow. Longitudinal HRT, i.e. teaming which develops over time, is still relatively under-explored as most studies of HRT focus on teaming which happens in the “now”. For many domains however, the notion of changes over time is very relevant. Examples include disaster response, public safety, education, and manufacturing, but also emerging fields such as autonomous vehicles. So, how do robots and other artificial agents deal with teamwork from a long-term perspective? How to enable them to track experience in changing conditions, learn from it and adapt to new situations? Models of HRT need to incorporate the time dimension to allow cooperation dynamics to be shaped by a changing environment. Development over time brings about various levels of uncertainty, as many real-life situations are only predictable up to a certain point. Thus, uncertainty poses additional challenges for sustaining effective teaming between humans and robots. Uncertainty can also exist in the spatial environment in which teamwork takes place, and in the interaction between team-members.
As robots that share working and living environments with humans proliferate, human-robot teamwork (HRT) is becoming more relevant every day. By necessity, these HRT dynamics develop over time, as HRT can hardly happen only in the moment. What theories, algorithms, tools, computational models and design methodologies enable effective and safe longitudinal human-robot teaming? To address this question, we propose a half-day workshop on longitudinal human-robot teaming. This workshop seeks to bring together researchers from a wide array of disciplines with the focus of enabling humans and robots to better work together in real-life settings and over long-term. Sessions will consist of a mix of plenary talks by invited speakers and contributed papers/posters, and will encourage discussion and exchange of ideas amongst participants by having breakout groups and a panel discussion. ACM Reference Format: Joachim de Greeff, Bradley Hayes, Matthew Gombolay, Matthew Johnson, Mark Neerincx, Jurriaan van Diggelen, Melissa Cefkin, and Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov´ a. 2018. Workshop on Longitudinal Human-Robot Teaming. In HRI ’18 Companion: 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction Companion, March 5–8, 2018, Chicago, IL, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173386.3173559
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INTRODUCTION
As robots that share working and living environments with humans proliferate, human-robot teamwork is becoming increasingly relevant to an ever-expanding array of domains. Though continuing research strives to make robots more independent during times when unsupervised activity is desirable or necessary (i.e., autonomy), a complementary effort to make Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). HRI ’18 Companion, March 5–8, 2018, Chicago, IL, USA 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5615-2/18/03. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173386.3173559
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Session: Workshop Summaries
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HRI’18 Companion, March 5-8, 2018, Chicago, IL, USA
Workshop program
WORKSHOP OVERVIEW
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The aim of the workshop is to explore and discuss theories, algorithms, tools, computational models and design methodologies that enable effective and safe longitudinal human-robot teaming. We place particular emphasis on types of humanrobot teamwork that develop over time. E.g. ways in which robots/systems can adapt to better accommodate the requirements of a task that is shared with humans, in particular in real, unstructured and uncontrolled environments – i.e. those in which systems need to deal with uncertainty. Towards this end, we will address recent results from human-robot teaming related research and identify key challenges that have yet to be addressed. The workshop builds on the success of a previous HRT workshop organized at HRI 2015 in Portland. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of progress that has been achieved since then and draw attention to the longitudinal aspects in particular. Our call for papers will solicit both position papers and technical contributions addressing any topic of human-robot teaming from the viewpoint of sustaining longitudinal humanrobot teaming in uncertain environments. This includes (but is not restricted to) the following: ∙ Dealing with changes over time (e.g. task and team structures, goals, etc) ∙ Dealing with uncertainty about the environments (both spatial and social) ∙ Learning and adaptation over time to become an effective team-member ∙ Joint activity planning under uncertainty ∙ Designing for long-term interdependence within humanrobot teams ∙ Understanding, modeling, and shaping long-term team dynamics in mixed human-robot teams ∙ Collaborator action and sustainable preference modeling ∙ Generating verbal and non-verbal acts for management and coordination of team activities developing over time ∙ Leveraging human-robot interaction to request assistance or to recover from failure modes
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Invited talk (45 minutes) Contributed talks (20 minutes each) Breakout session based around selected topics Plenary summary
TARGET AUDIENCE
As target audience we consider any person interested in human-robot teamwork, no specific background or prerequisites are required. Given the highly interdisciplinary nature of the topic, the workshop aspires to bring together researchers from the field of HRI, computer science, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, anthropology, social and organizational psychology – thus promoting community-building within a wide context. Participation in the workshop will be limited, with authors and presenters given priority. We invite the submission of full papers or extended abstracts, adhering to the main HRI paper format requirements: 2-3 pages for extended abstracts and up to 8 pages for full papers. Submissions may be papers presenting original research, system design descriptions, experiment design and results, research surveys, project descriptions, or position papers. Each paper will be assigned two reviewers that will evaluate the submission based on significance, technical quality, and relevance. Contributors are encouraged to also provide supplementary video material alongside their written submission that will be made available alongside the proceedings on the workshop website.
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RECRUITING PARTICIPANTS
A workshop webpage will be created and linked to the main HRI website. Furthermore, the workshop will be advertised via professional mailinglists such as
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected], etc. Invited speakers will be approached on a personal basis. In addition, various forms of social media will be utilized to widen the workshop’s exposure to potential participants and to disseminate the outcomes.
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DOCUMENTATION
We will digitally collect all accepted papers, posters, video contributions, and presentations, making them publicly available as an online archive through the workshop website.
Workshop structure
We aim to maximize interaction between workshop participants. To facilitate this, we will include an invited talk, contributed talks selected from peer-reviewed submissions and a breakout discussion session. In the breakout session the participants will split into smaller groups to discuss various topics. We will provide a question inventory to stimulate the discussion. The outcomes from the breakout sessions will be summarized in a plenary session, aiming also at identifying several key challenges and research opportunities for longitudinal HRT.
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ORGANIZERS
Joachim de Greeff, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands; Jurriaan van Diggelen, TNO, the Netherlands; Bradley Hayes, University of Colorado Boulder, USA and Ivana Kruijff-Korbayov, DFKI, Germany.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This workshop is supported by the EU FP7 TRADR project (grant 60963).
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