Wrist-worn Gesture Sensing with Wearable Intelligence

This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2880194, IEEE Sensors Journal

- +' /#$.'$) 2$/#4*0-++ -$ )/$!$/$*))0( -*0' '$&# - /* $/

2KBLM PHKG">LMNK>.>GLBG@PBMA2>:K:;E>$GM>EEB@>G 3B:G@I>G@'B:G@"9:*+39+2(+7-:FB"A:GG:F"+3/47+2(+7:G= #:=B#>B=:KB"+3/47+2(+7

8&'0--#/-/#0#+10+'++,31'3#4/'014,/+"#3'!# 4'1&*!&'+#)#/+'+%!- ')'1'#0+"4#/ )#-/#002/#0#+0,/ //6&#"#3'!#'020#"$,/*,+'1,/'+%"'$$#/#+1&+"%#012/#0 61/!('+%1#+",+*,3#*#+10/,2+"1/'01&20+//6 ,$#+!-02)1#"!-!'1'3#-/#002/#0#+0,/0'011!&#"1, 1#/1,!-12/#4/'01*,3#*#+1�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

8 2--,/1 #!1,/ !&'+# #.2#+1') '+'*) -1'*'71',+ #012/# /#!,%+'1',+ #/ )# +1#))'%#+!# -!'1+!#*#02/#*#+1

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

?KHF +.-0& /A>:NMAHKL:K>:ELH MA:GD?NE MH MA> .L>:KKLABI BG G@BG>>KBG@ .-+> + - :G=MA>0GBO>KLBMRH?"E:L@HP?HK?NG=BG@K>BO>=NG=>KMA> "E:L@HP Q&GHPE>=@>"& !NG= 3B:G@I>G@ 'B:G@ -:FB "A:GG:F :G= #:=B #>B=:KB :K> PBMA (BE>KBG@ ->L>:KKBG@:M0GBO>KLBMRH?"E:L@HP" ,, 0GBM>=&BG@=HF > F:BE#:=B #>B=:KB@E:L@HP :< ND

!B@ /A>L>GLBG@PBMA F:E>:KGBG@?HKP>:K:;E>BGM>EEB@>G

F:BGER ;> = BGMH MPH @HKB>L FHO>F>GM L>GLHK ;:L>= :G= K: ;:L>= 6 8 PAB =BL= BG .>K BGMKH=NL : @>LMNK> K>MAH= MA:M K>JNBK>LE>LLHG ;H=R:MM:GML:G=A:LGHEBFBM:MBHG?KHF K:6

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

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. For more information, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.


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

">LMNK> NI MH =:M> K>L>:KE:;L

#/ )# !(%#

/2

).//

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

/' $ *! /# -/.(-/2

-' .4./ (.

#+0,/ 6-#

1 ')'16

'7#

)#5' ')'16

!&'+# #/+'+%

,01

#$#/#+!#

KF;:G=

E>

(>=BNF

(>=BNF

(>=BNF

+HLLB;E>

(>=BNF

6 8

#>:=@>:K

$FIE:GM>= E>

'HP

B@

'HP

+HLLB;E>

1>KR#B@A

68

(>=BNF

(>=BNF

'HP

'>LL

1>KR#B@A

6 8

(>=BNF

.F:EE

#B@A

'>LL

(>=BNF

68

#B@A

B@

#B@A

'>LL

'HP

68

"E:LL

:F>K:

2:M

2KBLM;:G=

:I: IK>LLNK> :I: IK>LLNK>

#B@A

(>=BNF

#B@A

(>=BNF

LF:EE

#B@A

=:IMBO> " .1(:G= "



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

8 2KBLM!E>QIK>L>GML:K>LBLMBO> IK>LLNK>L>GLHK:KK:R>F;>==>=BG:PKBLM;:G=?HKPKBLM PHKG @>LMNK>L>GLBG@ /ABL=>OBI>K?HKFL:K>LNEMFH=>EPA>GMA> MAK>LAHE= H? @>LMNK> BL IK> K>= 6

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

( .$"))+-*"-(($)"

/H =>FHGLMK:M> MA> O:EB=BMR H? MA> IKHIHL>= FH=>EL P> =>LB@G>= : P>:K:;E> GLHK :KK:R >F;>==>= BG : +(.;:L>=?E>QB;E>:G=MK:GLI:K>GMLN;LMK:M>:EHG@PBMABML GLHKL:K> K L>GLHKL PAHL> IK>LLNK>:IIEB>=HGMA>LNK?: /ABLL> LRLM>F NLBG@ MA> LPBM = :LNK>MA>=>LB@G>=?BO>GLHKL:L:L>GLHK :KK:R MH F>:LNK> MA> IK>LLNK> =BLMKB;NMBHG /A> GLHK BL FHK> IK> :G= :;E> MH MA> LF:EE IK>LLNK> =B??>K>G68 #HP>O>KLBGMA>LBGF BL >LL>GMB:E /H:O>MA:MP>:IIEB>=MA>LPBM =>=FB F>:LNK>= 1LL BL MA> IHP>K LHNK BGM BL : LMHK:@> :KBH= . BL LPBM = HG ?BKLMER :G= L>G BL = PABE> BGM BL =BL=?HEEHP>=;R :K>O>KL:EBG;HMA. :G=. $G MABLLM>I>E>=?KHFL>GMHBGMMH>JN:EBS> MA>OHEM:@>68 ?M>KMA>MPHLM>ILMA>OHEM:@>:BGM 1BGMBLLEB@AMERK:BL>= /A>MBF>H?MA>MPHLM>ILBL=/LP /A>>E>==NKBG@>:LM>I,L/LP:G= ,BGM/LP:IIKHQBF:M>=MA>L:F>:LMA>GML$L:G=$BGM /A>K>?HK>MA>LPBM L:G=L>G>JNBO:E>GMMH:K>LBLMHK -L>G68 2>A:O> /a z /Z^b

2a 2Z^b z ! 3ac 3ac

4a y 4aY^ +aY^ 4aY^ y 4Z^b +aY^ z " 3ac 3ac

4a y 4aY^ z 4aY^ y 4Z^b # /A>K>?HK>

V

+aY^ z U su sor

/A>>JNBO:E>GMQIHG>GMB:EERK>:MP>>G"):G=1:G=A>K>P>M:D> 1 J LAHPLMA>K>E:MBHGLABI;>MP>>GMA>GM^D_ O:EN>:G=1BGM68 4Z^b z 4SS y LNVsuVsuRsor *GMA>1BGMK>:L1-# 4UT z 4SS y LNVsuVsuRsor

(b)

VDD Φ2

+ −

+ −

V1

+ −

Φ1

Φ3

Cint

V2

!B@ : JNBO:E>GMG I?:M?K>JN>G

#B@A 5

#B@A 5

BGINM

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

!B@ !KHGMI:G>EH?MA>NL>KBGM>K?:=>O>EHI>=HG':;1$ 2



- +' /#$.'$) 2$/#4*0-++ -$ )/$!$/$*))0( -*0' '$&# - /* $/ $1 (0'/$'...0++*-/1

/*-(#$)

?M>K MA> LRLM>F K>BO>L MA> O:EN>L MA:M K>IK>L>GML MA> IK>LLNK>E>O>E:MPABR:K>:MM:=?BG=BG@MA>K>E:MBHG ;>MP>>GMA>@>LMNK>:G=BMLLIHG=BG@IK>LLNK>O:EN>LBLMA> E:LMLM>I N>MHMA>M>G=HGFHO>F>GMBLLF:EE :G==B??>K>GM?KHFI>KLHGMHI>KLHGBMBLGHMIK:E?HK>O>KRNL>K6 8 O>GMA>L:F>NL>KPHNE=A:O> =B??>K>GMK>LNEMPA>GMA>PKBLM;:G=BLK> PHKGHKLEB@AMERFHO>= 6 8 /H:==K>LLMABLBLLN>:IBL>LL>GMB:EMH:=:IM MH =B??>K>GM NL>KL :G= BFIKHO> MA> :O>EHIF>GM BG F: E>:KGBG@ IKHOB=>L LHF> NL>?NE F>MAH=L MH MK:BG MA> LRLM>F MH @>LMNK>L .NIIHKM 1>LI>=L:FIE>LGHGEBG>:K :G=AB@A=BF>GLBHG:EI:MM>KGK>L .1( HG ;BG:KR @>LMNK> O>K:E ;BG:KR .1( K BL HK@:GBS>= ;R " MH ?NE?BEK>:E MBF>FNEMBF:BG>= /H=>:EPBMAMA>HIMBFBS:MBHG NG=>K:KM:BGK>?HK> MA> IKH;E>F GHP BL MH ?BG= MA> HIMBF:E GZ MH FBGBFBS>MA>2G

!B@ /PH=BF>GLBHG:E.1(:G=BMLARI>KIE:G>

"+6:+39/'1/3/2'159/2/>'9/43 .(* BL :G >??BGM :E@HKBMAF MH LHEO> MA> =N:EBMR H? ':@K:G@>6 8 L DGHPG ?KHF :;HO> :?M>K >:K:MBHG P>PBEEA:O>:GBFIKHO>=ARI>KIE:G>:G=: > DBG=L H?E f



- +' /#$.'$) 2$/#4*0-++ -$ )/$!$/$*))0( -*0' '$&# - /* $/

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

;>>GGMARI>KIE:G>GZ :G= FZ 5 V 6 x 9I | LNIIHKM O>L;>MP>>GMA>MPH;HK=>KL GZ z +8@:FZ 5 V 6 x 9I z #HP>O>K MA>K> FB@AM ;> LHF>L:FIE>L=HGHML:MBL?RMA>&&/RG>>=MH;>:=CNLM>= /A>K>FB@AM;>F:GRGZ G>>=MH;> :=CNLM>= /A> B=>: H? .(* BL MA:M L>E>F GJ 8@:GK ;RA>NKBLMBE>F: :G= F:K@BG PABELM MA> HMA>K GZ K>F:BG NG= 6 8 !KHF J P> K>E:MBHGLABI;>MP>>GMA>G>P:G=HE=O:EN>L 8J^Yc FJ x 8K^Yc FK z 8J_]X FJ x 8K_]X FK z ! 2A>K>BL : IE:8J^Yc PBMA8K^Yc BG 2G?HEEHP>=;RM:DBG@MA>=>KBO:MBO>H?8K^Yc :G=>JN:EMH 2>HIMBFBS>=8K^Yc FK ,J y ,K 8K^Yc z 8K_]X y ! H K K 2A>K>,Z z 5 V 6 x 9_]X y FZ :G=H z !E *E *J y E *K J * KyE /A>K:G@>H?8K^Yc BL

=KBF>GMLP>K>=HNMBGM>KFLH?MA>I>K?HKF:GH? IK>LLNK> L>GLBG@ :G= F: E>:KGBG@ 2> BFIE>F>GM>= MA> LPBM = :LNK> MA> LMJN>G@BLM>KIKH@K:FFBG@PABE> #S PBMA K=NBGH EB;K:KR /A> >KKHK K>@:K=BG@ : BG GMIKHH? H? :G=MA>L>E>= @>LMNK>L MA> :>@>LMNK>LGBGMA>!B@ ?BKLMA:E?H?MA>MABK=@>LMNK>KHK?HKFL : K>E:MBO>ER LEHP =KHI :G= E>:=L MH : LAHKM FBL K>MK:K LMK>MPAB HMAH?MA>K>E:M>=PHKDL2KBLM!E>QBG6

8:G=3N>>M:E _L @EHO> BG 6 8 I>K?HKF AB@A : MABL IKHMHMRI> K>:L 0G=>K MA> : ::KGBG@ (HK>HO>K3N>>M:E _L=>OBPBMABGM>GLBO>LB@G:EIKHLLBG@ =:M:?NLBHG:G=:=:IMBO>"LH?:@EHO>PKBLM;:G= ("=>OB>M< /A>F:BG=B??>K>G;>MP>>GMABLPHKD:G= 2KBLM!E>Q BL MA> LLNK> L>GLHK MA:M BL FHK>

!B@ R.1(:E@HKBMAF:MA>LRLM>F:=>KIE:G>MA:ML>I:K:M>LMA>=B??>K>GM@>LMNK>L 0G=>KMA>"LMKNP>G>>=ARI>KIE:G>L ?HK@>LMNK>LK>@>LMNK>L=:M:L>M:K>B=>:EERL>I:K:M>=;RMA>ARI>KIE:G>L



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

68( &:;HEB & 4:H !>G@ :G= " A>G@ /: ;:L>= : H;C>:K :943424:8!4(498II 68) #N#NF:G:KLM:G=BG@?HKKH;HM :LLBLM>=EBOBG@ 68" !HKMBGH - "B:GG:GMHGBH - "K:OBG: + &NKREHLDB :G= - %:?:KB G:;EBG@ ??>+KH@K:FFBG@:G=!E>QB;E>(:G:@>F>GMH? ??BGMH=R .>GLHK )>MPHKD IIEBLMNK> ->R #7'38')9/43843"=89+28'3=(+73+9/)8 '79OHE II

68% &>E:+ &HKIBIUU% (UGMRCUKOB. &:EEBH" .:OBGH' %HSSH+9'1 KHF>M>K ;:L>=@>LMNK>LB@G>GOBKHGF>GM +7843'1 $(/6:/94:8425:9/3-OHE II 6 8 3 'B:G@# #>B=:KB:G=- :ABR:2>:K:;E>:I: :L>=2KBLM 2HKG">LMNK>.>GLBG@.RLM>FBG'8 II 6

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

68 - %:?:KB # )HLA:=B . "AB:LB :G= ( .:KK:?S:=>A =:IMBO> E> QMK:= F;>==>= .RLM>FL #7'38')9/438 43 '7'11+1 /897/(:9+* "=89+28OHE II 68 & & BLP:L :G= . & :LN ">LMNK> K>L. $S:=B NME>K% A>G$ *BDHGHFB=BL+9'1 /-/98 7++.'3* 39+7')9/438 3=.>GLHKL:L>= #:G=(HMBHG->BK>=R .>K>G=BIBMR !BG@>K ">LMNK> -> .A>E? .F:KMP:MK .NIIHKM O>:KGBG@ PBMA :IIEBQML>:KK>LML BG MA> ?B>E=H?G>NKHFHKIAB@> H? .HNMA ABG: 0GBO>KLBMR H? />G@ BL :G $ LMN=>GM F>F;>K Rami Ghannam G@ $ (.K>BO>=ABL+ABG (BE>KLBMRH?+:OB:$M:ER BG PA>K> A> PHKD>= HG $GM>@K:M>= (*. .>GLHKR (BFL #> A:L :NMAHK>= HO>K :KMBL BG I>>K K>OB>P>= CHNKG:EL > @ $ .HEB= .M:M>BKOBL :G= BG BGM>KG:MBHG:E K>GL #> A:L HK@:GBL>= L>O>K:E K>GLPHKDLAHIL:G=LI>LLBHGL> @ A>BL?HNG=>KK@BG@ />F;>KH?HK@:GBLBG@>H?. ).*-. BH. :G=+-$( _ #>BL:G$ .>GBHK(>F;>K:G =BMHK?HK

MA> EL>OB>K (BE>KGHKL H" $ .>GLHKL HNG BK HFFBMM>> =HF #> A:L K>BO>= L>O>K:E ;>LM I:I>K :P:K=L ?KHF $ BGM>KG:MBHG:E K>GL BGEL

Wearable Intelligence

Exploring Gesture Control with Depth Sensing ...

menrva.ensc.sfu.ca Wearable optical sensing ...

A Wearable Physiological Sensor Suite for ... - Wearable Sensing

A Wearable Physiological Sensor Suite for ... - Wearable Sensing

Applications of Sensing Platforms with Wearable ... - Semantic Scholar

A Collaborative Wearable System with Remote Sensing - IEEE Xplore

Wearable Textile Input Device with Multimodal Sensing for Eyes-Free ...

Smart-Cuff: A Wearable Bio-Sensing Platform with Activity-Sensitive ...

Wearable Textile Input Device with Multimodal Sensing for Eyes-Free ...

Using Capacitive Sensing for Gesture Recognition - CiteSeerX

Ubiquitous Motion Sensing Service Using Wearable ...

Wearable Computing for Sensing and Navigation ...

Lower Limb Wearable Capacitive Sensing and Its

Low-Power Wearable Respiratory Sound Sensing

Low-Power Wearable Respiratory Sound Sensing - MDPI

Toward Construction of Wearable Sensing ... - Semantic Scholar

A Wearable and Wireless Gas-Sensing System

New Paradigms in Telemedicine: Ambient Intelligence, Wearable ...

User-Authentication on Wearable Devices Based on Punch Gesture ...

The Finger-Joint Gesture Wearable Keypad - School of Computing ...

Artificial Sensing Intelligence with Silicon Nanowires for Ultraselective ...

Gesture Control Robot with Arduino

Supporting Information Artificial Sensing Intelligence ...

Wrist-worn Gesture Sensing with Wearable Intelligence

Wrist-worn Gesture Sensing with Wearable Intelligence

Suggest Documents