writeup main1

TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES: D

No.:

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

REPORT ON SPECIAL STUDY ON ARSENIC CONTAMINATION IN GROUND WATER OF DHEMAJI DISTRICT, ASSAM ANNUAL ACTION PLAN (AAP) 2006 - 2007

BY

DR. INDRANIL ROY

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD NORTH EASTERN REGION GUWAHATI 2010

For Official Use Only



By DR. INDRANIL ROY SCIENTIST - B

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD NORTH EASTERN REGION GUWAHATI 2010 ii

For Official Use Only



By DR. INDRANIL ROY SCIENTIST - B

Central Ground Water Board North Eastern Region Tarun Nagar, 1st Bye Lane, Guwahati, Assam

Central Ground Water Board Central Headquarter Bhujal Bhawan, NH IV, Faridabad, Haryana

Tel: (0361) 2456276 Fax: (0361) 2455497 Email: [email protected]

Tel: (0129) 2419074 Fax: (0129) 2412524, 2413050 Gram: Bhumijal iii

FOREWORD

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Present study of Arsenic contamination in ground water of Dhemaji District was undertaken as part of AAP 2006-07. The theme of the work was to establish the presence of arsenic in ground water of Dhemaji District and to relate its distribution with hydro-geological set up of the area in the context of present and future ground water utilization. The investigation also aimed towards understanding the cause of arsenic contamination and its spatio-temporal variation and its effect on residing population. Study confirms about presence of arsenic in the Dhemaji district. However, distribution of arsenic is not uniform and con controlled by complex interaction of existing geologicalhydrogeological set up with climatic condition. Study of geology of the area indicates a complex depositional environment. It indicates variation in nature of aquifer both in lateral and vertical directions. In contrast to earlier conceived double-aquifer model, present study indicates about a mono-aquifer system with intermittent clay lenses/layers which may extend for considerable distance. A continuous separating layer is absent in the area. Ground water in the area occurs under water-table condition and locally under semiconfined condition. Water table contour maps indicate that ground water flows from north to south. Depth to water level varies from 0.01 m bgl to more than 9.4 m bgl during pre-monsoon period (April, 2006) and from 1.84 m bgl to more than 9.63 m bgl during post-monsoon period (November, 2006). The post-monsoon water level trends always show slightly rising trend, where as during pre-monsoon it is rising in some places and falling in some places. However, pre-monsoon falling trend is typically associated with more urban setup and rising trends are associated with rural setup. Arsenic concentration is high in the west-central part of the district. Along with earlier identified Dhemaji and Sisiborgaon blocks, Bordoloni block is also highly affected. On the other hand, Murkong Selek T.D. Block is list affected. Spatially arsenic values vary widely as well as seasonally. During pre-monsoon the range is BDL to 249 ppb and that during post monsoon is BDL to 109.5 ppb. Relation between Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon concentrations of As is not well defined, though overall higher concentration during pre-monsoon season is indicated. However, for iron, the relation is well defined (correlation coefficient 0.78) with overall higher concentration during pre-monsoon season. Study also indicates that anomalous concentrations of As and Fe are not directly correlatable, however effect of pH on concentration may have significant bearing. Comparison of concentrations with depth of well for both pre- and post-monsoon seasons (Figure 3.4.1 and 3.4.2) shows that concentration of As and Fe is most at about 10 m depth. This is

ii

correlatable with geological model. Site-specific depth-wise comparison of As and Fe concentration using hand-pumps and deep tubewells of same location also indicate prevalence of As and Fe at shallower depth. Results of survey about food and drinking water use habit indicate that in both low and medium income groups, consciousness about drinking water is present. Use of hand-pump water and filtering is everybody’s practice. In food, high intake of green vegetable with moderate to high intake of fish and meat may prevent ill effects of arsenic. However, skin disease is common and present in about 10% people. Field eexperimental results show use of domestic filter effectively reducing arsenic level in water. These filters are in common use due to high concentration of iron in water. Study shows that for arsenic removal is about 90% and that for iron is about 98%, which is most probably result of co-precipitation of As with Fe under oxidizing environment.

iii

Acknowledgements I would like express my sincere gratitude to Shri G. C. Saha, Saha Regional Director, CGWB, NER, Guwahati for kindly accepting my report on Arsenic contamination in ground water of Dhemaji District for publication. I would also like express my sincere gratitude to Shri D. B. Saha, Saha the then Regional Director, CGWB, NER, Guwahati for being kind enough to allow me to complete the work and guiding me through out. My sincere gratitude also goes to Dr. P. N. Rao, Rao Sc. D who provided his able guidance and supervision towards the work. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Sh. Sh. B. Roy, Roy field officer responsible for ground water exploration work and conducted earlier surveys on ground water situation of Dhemaji District, whose reports I have consulted most. I would also like to extend my appreciation to Staffs of Chemical laboratory of CGWB, SR, Hyderabad for providing analysis of Arsenic samples. I would like to extend my appreciation to Dr. S. S. Singh, Singh Ms. D. Rabha, Sh. N. Chusi, Chusi, Sh. R. K. Kalita, Sh. S. S. Hembrom, Hembrom, hydrogeologists, and Sh. K. S. Rawat, Rawat chemist who helped me throughout the work. Last but not the least I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the officers, drivers, and staffs of the North Eastern Region, Guwahati, who have extended their support for carrying out the work. Without the team effort and support, completion of the work would not have been possible.

(Dr. Dr. Indranil Roy) Roy

iv

CONTENTS Page No.

FOREWORD

I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

II-III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

IV

CONTENTS

V-VIII

ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER

IX

1

INTRODUCTION

1-8

1.1

Purpose and Scope

1

1.2

Background

1

1.3

Location and Extent of the Study Area

3

1.4

Nature and Composition of Affected Population

3

1.5

Drinking Water Scenario

5

CHAPTER

2

HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP 2.1

9-26

Geomorphology

9

2.1.1 Drainage System

10

2.1.2 Soil Type

14

2.2

Geology

15

2.3

Hydrogeology

16

2.4

2.3.1 Aquifer Geometry

16

2.3.2 Aquifer Parameters

17

2.3.3 Groundwater Occurrence and Movement

20

2.3.4 Groundwater Level Trend Analysis

20

Hydrometeorology

25

CHAPTER

3

CHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER

27-45

3.1

Nature and distribution of Key Sampling Wells

27

3.2

Sampling Methodology

30

3.3

Distribution of Arsenic and Iron

31

3.4

Depth variation of Arsenic and Iron

39

3.5

Effect on Human Health

43

3.6

Effect of filtering on Arsenic and Iron

44

CHAPTER

4

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

46-49

4.1

Summary

46

4.2

Recommendations

47

BIBLIOGRAPHY

50

ANNEXURES

v

List of Tables Page No. Table 1.2.1 Table 1.3.1 Table 1.4.1 Table 1.4.2 Table 1.5.1 Table 1.5.2 Table 2.1.1 Table 2.1.2 Table 2.1.3 Table 2.3.1 Table 2.3.2 Table 2.4.1 Table 2.4.2 Table 3.1.1 Table 3.1.2 Table 3.1.3 Table 3.3.1 Table 3.3.2 Table 4.5.1

Summary of results of study conducted PHED, Govt. of Assam Administrative Setup Population Pattern (Census 2001) Block-wise population (Census 2001) Water supply schemes (Groundwater spot source) Drinking water source (Census 2001) Geomorphological classification of the area Soil types present in the area Soil texture of the area Summarized hydrogeological data of wells constructed by CGWB Trend of Water levels in GWMS Wells Block-wise average annual rainfall Monthly Rainfall (in mm) 1994 to 2006 Number of KSW based on well type Number of KSW based on location Number of KSW based on geology and geomorphology Block-wise range of Arsenic values (in ppb) Block-wise range of Iron values (in ppm) Summary of survey results

vi

2 3 5 5 5 8 9 14 14 17 20 25 25 27 27 27 31 31 43

List of Figures Page No. Fig. 1.3.1 Fig. 1.5.1 Fig. 2.1.1 Fig. 2.1.2 Fig. 2.1.3 Fig. 2.2.1 Fig. 2.3.1 Fig. 2.3.2 Fig. 2.3.3 Fig. 2.3.4 Fig. 2.3.5 Fig. 2.4.1 Fig. 2.4.2 Fig. 3.1.1 Fig. 3.1.2 Fig. 3.2.1 Fig. 3.3.1 Fig. 3.3.2 Fig. 3.3.3 Fig. 3.3.4 Fig. 3.3.5 Fig. 3.3.6 Fig. 3.3.7 Fig. 3.3.8 Fig. 3.4.1 Fig. 3.4.2 Fig. 3.4.3 Fig. 3.4.4 Fig. 3.4.5 Fig. 3.6.1 Fig. 3.6.2

Administrative Map of Dhemaji district, Assam Source of drinking water to households (Census 2001) Natural Colour Imagery of Dhemaji district, Assam (source: maps.google.com) Geological – Geomorphological map of Dhemaji district, Assam Drainage map of Dhemaji district, Assam Lithologs generated by drilling of CGWB at A) Tarajan and B) Uriumguri Fence diagram representing aquifer geometry of Dhemaji district, Assam Pre-Monsoon depth to water level Map Post-Monsoon depth to water level Map Hydrograph of GWMS Wells Hydrograph of GWMS Wells Distribution of monthly rainfall Variation in annual rainfall Key sampling wells locations Distribution of Key sampling Wells shown on Terrain map (Terrain map source: map.google.com) Comparison of analytical results of As Pre-monsoon distribution of Arsenic concentration Post-monsoon distribution of Arsenic concentration Pre-monsoon distribution of Iron concentration Post-monsoon distribution of Iron concentration Relationship between Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon concentrations Scatter plot of As vs. Fe Scatter plot of pH vs. As (Pre-Monsoon) Scatter plot of pH vs. Fe (Pre-Monsoon) Depth vs. Concentration for As and Fe during Pre-monsoon Season Depth vs. Concentration for As and Fe during Post-monsoon Season East-west profile of hand-pump depth Comparison of As content in Deep and shallow wells Comparison of Fe content in Deep and shallow wells Schematic diagram of home-made filter Comparison of raw water sample and 24 hrs filtered water sample

vii

4 7 11 12 13 18 19 21 22 23 24 26 26 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 38 39 39 40 41 42 44 45

List of Annexure ANNEXURE I

Details of Key Sampling Wells established in Dhemaji District

ANNEXURE II

Details of Hydrograph Network Stations in Dhemaji District

ANNEXURE III

Lithologs of boreholes drilled in Dhemaji District by Central Ground Water Board

ANNEXURE IV

Selected lithologs of boreholes drilled in Dhemaji District by Private Agencies

ANNEXURE V

Results of chemical analysis of samples from key sampling wells

ANNEXURE VI

Results of chemical analysis of duplicate water samples

ANNEXURE VII

Results of chemical analysis of filtered water samples

ANNEXURE VIII

Results of survey on food habit and drinking water

ANNEXURE IX

Selected Standards for Physical, Chemical and Biological quality of Drinking Water

Abbreviations agl bdl bgl bmp CGWB CT CWC DTW GWMS IMD Km/km km2 LPCD M or m MCM MGD mg/l MLD nd NHNS PHED ppb ppm Sq. km.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Above Ground Level Below Detection Limit Below Ground Level Below Measuring Point Central Ground Water Board, Govt. of India Census Town Central Water Commission Depth to Water Level Ground Water Monitoring Station Indian Meteorological Department Kilometer Square kilometer Litres Per Capita per Day Meter Million Cubic Meters Million Gallons per Day milligram per litre Million Litres per Day No Data National Hydrographic Monitoring Station Public Health Engineering Department, Govt. of Assam Parts per billion Parts per million Square Kilometer

viii

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION 1.1

Purpose and Scope Arsenic contamination in the groundwater of the upper Brahmaputra plain in Assam was

reported In January 2004 by School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University. Public Health Engineering Department, Govt. of Assam (PHED) also confirmed the claim about the presence of Arsenic (As) in groundwater. Based on these reports, Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region (CGWB, NER) started their own studies. Present study of Arsenic contamination in ground water of Dhemaji District was undertaken as part of AAP 2006-07. The theme of the work was to establish the presence of arsenic in ground water of Dhemaji District and to relate its distribution with hydro-geological set up of the area in the context of present and future ground water utilization. The investigation also aimed towards understanding the cause of arsenic contamination and its spatio-temporal variation and its effect on residing population.

1.2 Background Arsenic can impact human health through the ingestion of contaminated ground water. Astolfi et al.(1981) showed that regular intake of drinking water containing more than 0.1 mg/l of As leads to clearly recognizable signs of arsenic toxicity and ultimately in some cases to skin cancer. The most commonly observed symptoms of chronic arsenic poisoning are melanosis, hyperkeratosis, anemia, respiratory diseases and hepatomegaly. In severe cases, gangrene in the limbs and malignant neoplasm occurs (Cebrian et al., 1983). The contamination of groundwater with arsenic is one of the serious problems encountered in developing countries. Bangladesh is one of the worst sufferers at present time; however India is also coming up in the world arsenic map. The source of geogenic arsenic in groundwater has always remained a debatable issue. Review of geochemistry of arsenic by Thornton (1996) indicates that As is main constituent of around 200 mineral species. Out of them, 60% are arsenates, 20% are sulphides and sulphosalts and the remaining 20% includes arsenides, oxides, and silicates. Hence, anomalous presence of any of these minerals in aquifer matrix can rise the As level of groundwater depending on oxidation level. Welch et al. (1999) summarized that widespread high arsenic concentrations in ground water most commonly result from a) up-flow of geothermal water, b) dissolution of, or desorption from, ironoxide, c) dissolution of sulfide minerals, and d) evaporative concentration. Arsenic release from 1

iron oxide appears to be the most common cause of widespread arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L in ground water. This can occur in response to different geochemical conditions, including release of arsenic to ground water through reaction of iron oxide with organic carbon. Iron oxide also can release arsenic to alkaline ground water (Welch et al., 1999). As mentioned earlier, arsenic contamination in the groundwater of Dhemaji district, Assam was first reported by School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University in 2004. The report showed that among 241 analyzed hand tubewell water samples from Dhemaji and Karimganj districts of Assam, 42.3% of the samples contained arsenic above 10 µg/l and 19.1% above 50 µg/l (http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/arsenicContents.htm as on 30/11/2008). Public Health Engineering Department, Govt. of Assam (PHED) also confirmed the claim. Result of their study has been summarized in Table 1.2.1. Based on this study, PHED declared Sisiborgaon as most affected block in the district. However, it is also worth mentioning that there existed some variation in results about severity of contamination level between the studies conducted by PHED and School of Environmental Studies. Table 1.2.1 Summary of results of study conducted by PHED, Govt. of Assam Block Name Sisiborgaon

Dhemaji

Bordoloni Murkong Selek

Number of As infected Habitation

Gaon Panchayat Sisiborgaon Akajan Kulajan Muktiar Silasuti Simenmukh Amguri Sripani Nilakh Moridhal Lakhipathar Moridhal Aridhal I Bishnupur Missamari Simenchapori Jonai Telem Bahir Jonai

21 6 4 9 11 11 2 2 1 2 6 4 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 District Total =

Total

69

46 1

24 140

Based on these reports, Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region (CGWB, NER) started their own studies. Roy (2005-06) conducted a preliminary survey in the district. However

2

the study remained inconclusive as the analytical results have showed wide variability. As a followup of the study, the present study of arsenic contamination in ground water of Dhemaji District was undertaken. However, earlier G. V. Reddy (1997-98) and B. Roy (2004-05) have carried out reappraisal surveys in the district for CGWB.

1.3 Location and extent of the study area Dhemaji district is the eastern-most district of Assam, bounded by East Siang and West Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh in the north, by North Lakhimpur district in west and south and by mighty Brahmaputra River in west and southwest directions. Geographically the district extends within North latitude 27º15′ to 28º00′ and East longitude 94º15′ to 95º30′ and is represented by the Survey of India Degree-sheet 83 I and 83 M. The total geographical area of the district is 3237 sq. km. Two civil sub-divisions, namely 1) Dhemaji and 2) Jonai constitute Dhemaji district. The details of administrative set-up are given in the Table 1.3.1. Administrative map of the district is given in Figure 1.3.1. Table 1.3.1 Administrative set-up Sl. No.

Civil Subdivision

Circle Bordoloni

1.

2.

Dhemaji

Jonai

Block

Geographical area (sq. km)

Number of villages

Bordoloni

478.28

208

Dhemaji

409.49

280

Machkhowa

304.41

51

Sisiborgaon

Sisiborgaon

933.01

395

Jonai

Murkong Selek

1111.81

381

Dhemaji

1.4 Nature and Composition of affected population As per 1991 census, total population of the district is 478830 and that of as per 2001 census is 569971. Among this, S.T. & S.C. population (includes Mishings, Sonowal, Kacharis, Bodos, Deoris, Lalungs, Hazongs, etc.) is about 47.29% and 5.33% of the total population respectively. There is also a huge chunk of Other Backward Classes (OBC) population comprising of Ahoms, Chutiyas, Konches etc. Total population in rural area is 530138 and urban area is 39330. The urban population is only 1.85% of total, which highlights the predominantly rural character of the district. The rate of growth of population in the district between 1971 and 1991 was 104.48%, and between 1991 and 2001 was 64%. The annual rate of growth of population is 5.22% compared to the overall state growth of 2.62%. Average population density of the district is 176/km2. The status of the population for the district is given in Table 1.4.1 and 1.4.2.

3

4

Fig.1.3.1 Administrative Map of Dhemaji district, Assam

Table 1.4.1 Population pattern (Census 2001) Dhemaji Sub Division

Jonai Sub Division

District Total

Male

2,21,640

72,464

2,94,108

Female

2,09,565

65,798

2,75,363

Total

4,31,205

1,38,262

5,69,971

Particulars

Table 1.4.2 Block-wise population (Census 2001) Area

Total Population

Population Density

Dhemaji

409.49

111154

271.4

Machkhowa

304.41

26657

87.6

Bordoloni

478.28

94898

198.4

Sisiborgaon

933.01

161657

173.3

Murkong Selek

1111.81

143199

128.8

Block

Earlier studies by PHED indicated that arsenic contamination is mostly concentrated in Sisiborgaon and Dhemaji block. As about 272811 persons reside within the most affected area, this indicates that at least about 51% of district population is at risk.

1.5 Drinking water scenario With development of the district in the face of changing time, dominance of ponds and surface water bodies for domestic usage has changed to use of hand pumps and supply water by Public Health Engineering Department (PHED). Hence, the dependence pivoted from surface water to groundwater. At present major part of the water supply in the town areas and in parts of rural areas comes from the PHED water supplies. As per PHED reports, about 14.5% of total population is covered by piped water supply (PHED, 2003; Pers. Comm. 2006). A list of operating public water supply schemes under PHED Dhemaji and Jonai subdivisions with population covered are given in Table 1.5.1. However the supplies in rural areas are not reliable. Table 1.5.1 Water supply schemes (Groundwater spot source) Sl. No.

PHED Sub-division

Block

Name of scheme

Gaon panchayat

1

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Aradhal

2

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Bokabil

Uttar Dhemaji

1968

3

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Naroathan

Naroathan

1650

5

Population Covered 5277

Sl. No.

PHED Sub-division

Block

Name of scheme

4

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Moridhol

Moridhol

2365

5

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Batgharia

Batgharia

2275

6

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Bherekichuck

Batgharia

1364

7

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Panitola

Somorajan

1300

8

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Chengalipathar

Hatigarh

1978

9

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Dihingia Gaon

Aradhal

1400

10

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Raichapori Dolopa

Uttar Dhemaji

1700

11

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Matikhola

Dakshin Dhemaji

1594

12

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Hatigarh

Hatigarh

1600

13

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Dusutimukh Bongalmari

Khubulia

1628

14

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Lakhipathar

Lakhipathar

2956

15

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Norabil

Jiadhal

1798

16

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Subahipathar

Lakhipathar

1200

17

Dhemaji

Dhemaji

Dhemaji (Civil Hospital)

Dakshin Dhemaji

-NA-

18

Jonai

Dhemaji

Nilakh

Nilakh

1700

19

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Jonai

Jonai

3500

20

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Chimenchapori

Chimenchapori

2400

21

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Ramdhan

Ramdhan

3600

22

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Laimekuri

Laimekuri

2500

23

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Round Miri

Somkang

1323

24

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Dekapam

Dekapam

2800

25

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Somkongpargo

Somkang

1700

26

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Dak Chapori

Dekapam

1400

27

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Telem

Telem

1730

28

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Borati

Dekapam

1500

29

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Majulipur

Majulipur

2314

30

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Luhit Kemera

-NA-

-NA-

31

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Royeng Kuli

-NA-

-NA-

32

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Bahir Chillai

Bahir Chillai

-NA-

33

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Bijoypur Namoni

Jonai (?)

-NA-

34

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Misamora

Chamkhang(?)

-NA-

35

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Sissiborgaon

Sissiborgaon

1700

36

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Bormukali Miri

Borlung

1500

37

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Sripani

Sripani

1444

38

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Dhunaguri

Borlung

1670

39

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Chowkhamating

Sissiborgaon

1800

40

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Silapathar

Silapathar

4240

41

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Gelua

Kulajan

2127

42

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Kulajan

Kulajan

1996

43

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Bhagawan Borgorah

Dimow

1393

44

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Chilla Block No1

Silasuti

1985

45

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Chimenmukh

Chimenmukh

1273

46

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Archi Borgorah

Dimow

1305

47

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Chilly Assomiya

Dimow

1593

6

Gaon panchayat

Population Covered

Sl. No.

PHED Sub-division

Block

Name of scheme

Gaon panchayat

Population Covered

48

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Chilla Block No2

Silasuti

-NA-

49

Jonai

Sissiborgaon

Akajan

Kulajan

-NATotal =

82,546

This indicate that PHED PWSS cover about 57779 persons in arsenic affected areas (i.e. Dhemaji and Sisiborgaon block) which is about 21% of total population of Dhemaji and Sisiborgaon block. However considering the operating condition and functionality, as observed in field during present study, only 10% of officially covered population are actually covered by those PWSS that also mainly restricted in urban setup.

Study of the Census 2001 (Table 1.5.2) data indicates that in Dhemaji district hand-pump is the most common source of drinking water to a household. In rural areas, the second most preferred source is tubewell followed by dugwells. In urban areas, tubewell and dugwells are nearly equally preferred. This indicates that irrigational tubewells are also used as drinking water source in rural areas. On the other hand availability of taps, which is indicative of supply water, is negligible. This also indicates about status of public water supply.

Urban Area

50,000

10,000

40,000

8,000 Household

Household

Rural A rea

30,000 20,000

6,000 4,000

10,000

2,000

0

0 Any other

Spring

7

River, Canal

Tank, Pond,

Well

Tubewell

Handpump

Tap

Any other

Spring

River, Canal

Tank, Pond,

Well

Tubewell

Handpump

Tap

Fig. 1.5.1 Source of drinking water to households (Census 2001)

Table 1.5.2 Drinking water source (Census 2001) Nature

Rural

Urban

Location

Total number of households

Source of drinking water Tap

Hand pump

Tubewell

Well

Tank, Pond, Lake

River, Canal

Spring

Any other

Total

89,385

1,072

38,328

17,916

14,122

6,494

10,051

359

1,043

Within Premises

25,448

316

13,243

5,598

3,707

2,542

0

0

42

Near Premises

40,267

504

17,424

8,218

6,723

2,384

4,776

106

132

Away

23,670

252

7,661

4,100

3,692

1,568

5,275

253

869

Total

8,120

193

6,097

956

788

18

18

1

49

Within Premises

3,475

112

2,707

360

288

5

0

0

3

Near Premises

4,141

63

3,067

538

446

12

3

1

11

504

18

323

58

54

1

15

0

35

Away

8

Chapter 2

HYDROGEOLOGICAL SETUP Dhemaji district represents the eastern-most part of the Brahmaputra Valley in northern bank. The area is bounded by the Himalayan mountain range in the north and east, by the Subansiri River in the west and the Brahmaputra River in the south. Geologically the area is a rift valley, which is filled up (up to 5000m thick) by Cretaceous, Tertiary and Recent sediments. The region is prone to earthquake. Relatively recent folding and uplift (Quaternary epoch) of the Brahmaputra sediments close to the intra-plate boundary redirected the course of the Brahmaputra to its present configuration (Lindsay et al., 1991).

2.1 Geomorphology Geomorphologically the district occupies a unique location, where steep slope of Eastern Himalayas abruptly drops to forming a narrow valley, which widens towards the western side. Marshy lands, swampy water bodies and floodwaters occupy about 300 sq. km. area of it. In general, slope of the area is from northeast to southwest. After the great earthquake in 1950 the Brahmaputra riverbed is rising continuously due to deposition of sand carried down from upstream. This has led to the formation of a saucer shaped low-lying zone in the plains of the district. A recent imagery of the area is given in Figure 2.1.1. Physiographically the study area can be broadly sub-divided into five generalized units as given in Table 2.1.1. The geological-geomorphological map is given in Figure 2.1.2.

Table 2.1.1 Geomorphological classification of the area Zone

Description

Geology

Hills

The hilly area in the northern part

Tipam Group (?) sandstone

Piedmont plane

The foothill zone in the northern and eastern parts

Older Alluvium

Alluvial plain

Covering the middle plain zone i.e. the saucer shaped built up zone. Innumerable beels and swampy areas are common features

Younger Alluvium

Active flood plain

Along the river Brahmaputra and other major tributaries

Recent Alluvium

Channel Bar

Loose sediments in the active channels

Bar Deposits/ Channel alluvium

9

Hills occur in the northern part of the district. The altitude of hills in the north of Subansiri Reserve Forest is about 950m, in north of Likabali is about 900m and at north of Depa is about 850m amsl. The altitude of similar hill ranges located north and northwest of Jonai is about 500m. Piedmont zones occur adjacent to these hills and also restricted in the northern part of the district. In this zone topography slopes towards southwest. Typically this zone always occurs below 122m amsl. On the other hand the alluvial plain, occurring between 105 and 96m amsl, gently rolls towards southwest in the eastern part of the area and towards south in the western part. The western part is characterized by courses of shifting streams with high rate of lateral erosion. The flood plain area is present along the Brahmaputra river bank and mainly restricted between 89m amsl and 96m amsl with gentle slope towards the river.

2.1.1 Drainage system Situated on the North Bank of the River Brahmaputra, the Dhemaji district is bounded by the Brahmaputra River in the South and Subansiri River in the West. In addition, a number of tributaries from the northern hill ranges join the Brahmaputra in this region. Drainage map of the district is given in Figure 2.1.3. Major tributaries of Brahmaputra are Silley, Sibia, Leko, Jonai Korong, Dikhari, Narod, Somkhong, Tongani, Burisuti, Simen,

Dimow, Gainadi,

Moridhal,

Jiadhal/Kumotia, Korha/Sila, Charikaria, Nonoi, Sampara Suti, Subansiri, etc. Of these, Jiadhal River originates in the hills of Subansiri Reserve Forest and flows through the eastern part of the district forming Barihul bill downstream and end at 5 km south of Ghilamora village; Kumotia River originates at Theckjori and flows through the eastern part of the district before culminating with Barihul bill. These two streams create water logged and marshy areas in Bordoloni block. Kanibill which is called Laipulia in down stream side and Sisi are two important rivers draining the central part of the district after originating in the hills near Gohaingaon and Baligaon respectively. Simen, Somkhong, Dikari, Royang and other major rivers that originate in the hills of East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, flow down through the eastern part of the district towards south ultimately joining the Brahmaputra.

Overall the drainage network of the area shows an anastomising pattern. Collectively, the rivers after coming down from hills show a marked tendency to move towards south-westerly direction. This tendency may indicate influence of underlying fracture pattern or this may due to paleochannels of the Brahmaputra river. This is also to be noted that Great Earthquake of 1950 severely disturbed the entire riverine system of the area and generated deranged drainage pattern. Individually, the rivers in the western part show dendritic drainage patterns and rivers of eastern part show parallel drainage pattern. However, river courses often change due to lateral erosion as well as successive changes in basement configuration due to earthquakes (Barman, 1981). 10

11

Fig. 2.1.1 Natural Colour Imagery of Dhemaji district, Assam (source: maps.google.com)

12

Fig. 2.1.2 Geological – Geomorphological map of Dhemaji district, Assam

13

Fig. 2.1.3 Drainage map of Dhemaji district, Assam

2.1.2 Soil Type General soil character of cultivable land in the district is mainly alluvial and composed of mixture of sand (coarse to fine) and clay of varying proportions. The soils of this district can be broadly classified into three different types viz. The foothill/Piedmont zone soils, active flood plain soils near the river Brahmaputra and the low-lying marshy land soils. A detailed taxonomic description is given in Table 2.1.2. Table 2.1.2 Soil types present in the area Geomorphic Zones

Old Type

Description

Taxonomic Name

Red Loamy

Deep, well drained, loamy sand/sandy loam soils occurring on very gently sloping piedmont plain having loamy surface with moderate erosion and slight flood hazard

Coarse loamy, typic fluvaquents,

Old Alluvial

Associated with deep, well drained, coarse silty soils occurring on very gently sloping concave plains having loamy surface with slight erosion and moderate flood hazard.

Coarse silty, Typic Haplaquents

New Alluvial

Deep, well drained, loamy sand/sandy loam soils occurring on very gently sloping flood plain, having loamy surface with moderate erosion and moderate flood hazard.

Coarse loamy, Aeric fluvaquents

New Alluvial

Associated with very deep, moderately well drained, clay loam or sandy clay loam soils occurring on level to nearly level flood plains with slight erosion and moderate flood hazard.

Fine loamy, Typic Haplaquepts

Piedmont

Alluvial plain/ Flood plain

Commonly foothill/Piedmont zone soil is highly acidic. However, new alluvial soils formed due to inundation of land by river contain more percentages of fine sand and fine silt and are less acidic. Such soils are often neutral and even alkaline. The rest large expanse of low-lying land is characterized by heavy clayish soil which shows high percentage of nitrogen. This soil is good for rice cultivation. The soil beside the Subansiri and Ranganadi rivers are sandy, coated with silt, which is good for cultivation of winter crops, such as raga, mustard, potato etc. Details of soil texture of cultivable land are given in Table 2.1.3. Table 2.1.3 Soil textures of the area Soil Texture

Area under cultivable land

Sandy loam

46% of the total cultivable land

Loamy


Clayey


14

In Brahmaputra Valley, the river current is swift and it is only the sandy portion that is mostly deposited instead of clays (Brahmaputra Board, 1964). This implies that the new alluvial soil (of SPL 1975 classification) is to be rich in fine sand content, which in turn indicates that this type of soil will have higher porosity.

2.2 Geology McLaren (1904) classified the Quaternary sediments of Brahmaputra valley into three major subdivisions, namely Bhangar (older alluvium), Khadar (newer alluvium), and Recent (deltaic deposits). Evans (1952) designated the high level alluvium and low-level alluvium with formation status and considered to be of Pleistocene and Recent age respectively (Mathur and Evans, 1964). Krishnan (1968) described the Pleistocene and Recent deposits to be composed of gravels, sands, and clays. The sands and gravels constitute the aquifers. Goswami (1960) opined that these Pleistocene deposits are commonly of fluviatile and occasionally sub-aerial in origin. However, later workers identified several cycles of deposition of Quaternary alluvium in Brahmaputra basin (Pathak, 2001; Rao & Pathak, 1989). In older alluvium, three cycles of deposition have been reported. Bounding surfaces have been deciphered mainly based on resistivity study. They are termed as terrace surface T5, T4, and T3. Oldest T5 unit is represented by reddish brown silty clay together with boulders, pebbles, gravels, and sand. T4 unit is primarily composed of orange brown silty clay and sand. On the other hand youngest T3 unit is composed of yellowish orange colour silty-clay and fine to medium sand. Similarly in younger alluvium also, three cycles of deposition has been identified namely as Alluvial fan deposit (T2), Terrace Alluvium (T1) and Channel alluvium (T0). However, in contrast to older alluvium, younger alluvium unit boundaries have been deciphered mainly based on morphometry. In the study area, alluvial formations may be broadly divided into four groups a) Older Alluvial Deposits; b) Younger Alluvial Deposits; c) Recent Alluvium; d) Channel Deposits/Bar Deposits. Morphologically older alluviums cover the piedmont plains and younger alluviums and recent alluviums forms younger alluvial plain and flood plain respectively. The older alluvial deposits mainly occupy northwestern part of the area with patchy occurrences in northern parts. It occurs in the north-west between Dirpai and Gobindapur village, west of Jiadhal River, in the north between Baruagaon and Silapathar and up to Depa in the northeast. These deposits are commonly found above 105 m amsl and continue up to foothill region. Older alluvial deposits comprise of boulders of sandstones and quartzites with cobbles, pebbles, gravel and sands. Department of Irrigation drilled few boreholes in these areas up to 30 m depths. These lithologs show that top 10 m comprises of boulders, cobbles, sands followed by coarse sand, pebbles, gravel and clays in the rest. The younger alluvial deposits are represented by unconsolidated sediments of gravel,

15

pebbles, fine to coarse sand and clays, occupying areas between 96 m and 105 m amsl elevations. The Recent alluviums covering flood plains exist below 96 m amsl elevations along the Brahmaputra riverbank which may extend up to 10 km inland and comprise of thick beds of alternating layers made up of gravels, pebbles, sands and clays. Two litholog generated by CGWB drilling is given in Figure 2.2.1. Geological map of the area is given earlier in Figure 2.1.1. Generalized geological succession of the area is given as below:

Neogene

Geological succession of the Study Area

┌ │ Recent │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pleistocene │ │ │ │ Miocene └

┌ │ │ │ │ │ │ └

Channel Deposits/Bar Deposits

T0

Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel

Recent Alluvium

T1

Clay, Fine to medium Sand

Younger Alluvial Deposits

T2

Clay, Coarse to Fine Sand, mixed with Gravels and Pebbles

---------Nonconformity------┌

│ Older Alluvial Deposits └

T4 – T6

Fine to Medium Sand, Clay, Gravel, and Boulder

---------Unconformity------Tipam Group (?)

Sandstone

2.3 Hydrogeology Hydrogeologically the area is covered by alluvial sediments of Quaternary age comprising of different grades coarse clastic sediments like sand, boulders, pebbles, cobbles, gravel of various origin locally differentiated by layers of clay and silt. All these formations act as good reservoir of ground water. In these formations ground water occurs under water table to semi-confined conditions. Depth to water level varies from 0.01 m bgl to more than 9.4 m bgl during pre-monsoon period (April, 2006) and from 1.84 m bgl to more than 9.63 m bgl during post-monsoon period (November, 2006).

2.3.1 Aquifer geometry The area so far has scantily been explored for groundwater. CGWB has constructed two exploratory well at the western peripheral part of the district. Details are given in Annexure III. Several deep tubewells has also been constructed by state governmental agencies like PHED for drinking water supply schemes, State Irrigational Directorate for irrigational purposes, etc. But in

16

these cases lithological data has been poorly preserved as exploration was not prime objective. Still attempt has been made to compile those data and given in Annexure – IV. A fence diagram of subsurface geology has been constructed with the help of those data (Figure 2.3.1). The study of the prepared fence diagram indicates a complex depositional environment. It indicates variation in nature of aquifer both in lateral and vertical directions. However in contrast to earlier conceived double-aquifer model, present study indicates about a mono-aquifer system with intermittent clay lenses/layers which may extend for considerable distance. A continuous separating layer is absent. At the eastern part of the area (Murkong Selek block) a clay layer (3-5m thick) is present at the top followed down by fine sand, coarse sand and boulder bed. This clay layer thin towards sisiborgaon-akajan area and towards north. At likabali, the clay is absent and fine sand is exposed. However, A second clay layer starts from akajan-kulajan area and thickens towards sisiborgaon-sripani area but again thins towards further west, moridhal area, and finally thins out at west of Dhemaji area. At deori-barbam area, graded sand starts from the surface. At the western extremity (Bordoloni block), clay lenses reappear which thins out towards north and goes at depth towards south. Interestingly, a boulder bed is present through out the district at various depths (20 to 30 m), which may be considered as a marker horizon. It has been observed that most of the water wells in the district end before reaching it.

2.3.2 Aquifer parameters As the area is scantily explored for groundwater, not much aquifer data is available. Summarized hydrogeological data of CGWB constructed exploratory wells at the western peripheral part of the district is given in Table 2.3.1.

Table 2.3.1 Summarized hydrogeological data of wells constructed by CGWB

Location

Depth (m)

Zone tapped (m bgl)

Slot Length (m)

SWL (m bgl)

Discharge (lpm)

Draw down (m)

T (m²/day)

P (m/day)

K (m/hr)

Borola Mirigaon

61.5

36-48 54-60

18

1.62

809.99

0.86

3283.20

74.62

126.9

59.5

26-29 32-38 42-46 49-54 58-59

19

1.25

745.64

2.45

9831.05

258.71

55.9

Mohori camp

T: Transmissivity; P: Permeability; K: Hydraulic conductivity;

17

Fig. 2.2.1 Lithologs generated by drilling of CGWB at A) Tarajan and B) Uriumguri

18

19

Fig. 2.3.1 Fence diagram representing aquifer geometry of Dhemaji district, Assam

2.3.3 Groundwater occurrence and movement Ground water in the area occurs under water-table condition and locally under semiconfined condition. Water table contour maps indicate that ground water flows from north to south. However, in the pediment area and Younger alluvial plain, occurrence and movement of ground water is controlled by local topography. Typically, depth-to-water table maps (Figure 2.3.2 and Figure 2.3.3) indicate about presence of a pocket of shallow groundwater zone (0-2m) in Sripani area within Younger alluvial plain matching a topographical depression. This zone reduces in post monsoon season.

2.3.4 Groundwater level trend analysis For analysis of long-term behaviour of ground water level, data from Ground Water Monitoring Stations (GWMS) are utilized. Historical depth-to-water level data (in m bgl) are plotted as individual hydrographs and are given in Figure 2.3.3 and 2.3.4. Table 2.3.2 shows the overall trend of water levels in GWMS wells. Table 2.3.2 Trend of Water levels in GWMS Wells Well No.

1

ASDM 15

Silapathar

8

Rise

Rise

Unchanged

2

ASDM 17

Sisiborgaon

4

Rise

Fall

Fall

3

ASDM 01

Akajan

4

Rise

Rise

Unchanged

4

ASDM 02

Bhagaban Chariali

5

Rise

Rise

Rise

5

ASDM 12

Gogamukh

8

Rise

Fall

Unchanged

6

ASDM 08

Dhemaji

7

Rise

Fall

Rise

Locality/Name

No. of Years

Overall Water Level Trend PostPreOverall Monsoon Monsoon

Sl. No.

The post-monsoon trends always show slightly rising trend, where as during premonsoon it is rising in some places and falling in some places. However, pre-monsoon falling trend is typically associated with more urban setup and rising trends are associated with rural setup. This may be due to more withdrawal of groundwater in urban setup. As overall trend, all the places are either unchanged or insignificantly rising or falling.

20

21

Fig. 2.3.2 Pre-Monsoon depth to water level map

22

Fig. 2.3.3 Post-Monsoon depth to water level map

Jan, 05

Jan, 06

Gogamukh

Dhemaji

Jan, 03

Jan, 02

Jan, 01

Jan, 02 Jan, 00

Jan, 03

Bhagban Chariali

Jan, 03

Jan, 04

Jan, 02

Jan, 01

Jan, 01

Jan, 99

2.0

1.0

0.0

-1.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

-1.0

5.0

3.0

0.0

DWL (m bgl)

1.0

Jan, 00

Jan, 98

DWL (m bgl)

DWL (m bgl)

-1.0

Jan, 00

23

Jan, 04

Jan, 05

Fig. 2.3.4 Hydrograph of GWMS Wells

Jan, 04

Nov, 06 Aug, 06

Aug, 06

Jan, 06

Jan, 06

Aug, 05

Aug, 05

Jan, 05

Jan, 05

Jan, 03 6.0

Jan, 03

4.0

Nov, 99

2.0

Aug, 03

0.0

Aug, 03

4.0

Nov, 00

2.0

Jan, 04

0.0

Jan, 04

24

Akajan

Aug, 04

Nov, 01

-2.0

8.0

5.0

2.0

Aug, 04

DWL (m bgl)

DWL (m bgl)

-1.0

Nov, 02

DWL (m bgl)

Silapathar

Nov, 03

Sisiborgaon

Nov, 04

Fig. 2.3.5 Hydrograph of GWMS Wells

Nov, 05

2.4 Hydrometeorology The climate of the district is Per-humid characterized by high rainfall, mild summer and winter and may be categorized under cool to warm per-humid thermic-agroecological sub zone. The annual rainfall of the district ranges from 2600 mm to 4600 mm and generally increases from south east to northeast. Rainy season begins from April and continues till end of September with July commonly be the wettest month. On an average there are about 200 days with 3.5 mm or more rain in a year. The relative humidity varies from 90 to 73 per cent. The temperature varies between 39.9°C in summer and 5.9°C in winter.

Table 2.4.1 Block-wise average annual rainfall Block

Average Annual Rainfall (mm)

Dhemaji

2748.3

Machkhowa

2700.4

Bordoloni

-No data-

Sissiborgaon

-No data-

Murkong Selek

3013.21

Source: Official website of Dhemaji District (as on August, 2008)

Table 2.4.2 Monthly rainfall (in mm) 1996 to 2006 Month

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

January

28.17

26.07

24.05

9.02

62.14

12.03

27.15

9.04

39.00

77.00

24.15

February

37.14

65.28

107.14

4.02

37.05

72.05

23.10

54.33

24.04

160.00

87.26

March

123.24

196.26

177.43

39.05

57.17

34.13

53.20

79.58

169.00

226.00

41.55

April

180.14

61.20

144.16

283.26

227.42

147.25

355.30

126.24

228.00

289.00

159.21

May

724.49

212.18

499.22

462.24

233.18

195.26

220.04

270.46

1320.00

492.00

450.13

June

310.80

864.37

1102.47

562.38

362.00

562.32

291.33

560.47

567.05

892.70

617.50

July

546.42

587.48

671.44

633.51

596.38

471.40

744.26

996.49

878.00

708.84

575.83

August

603.33

552.28

780.44

865.49

428.54

598.33

584.05

409.12

151.00

559.67

566.26

September

201.30

507.44

276.20

437.20

702.32

564.31

270.27

456.12

606.00

162.96

209.14

October

263.19

42.05

149.14

312.19

18.16

218.20

99.04

313.00

534.00

80.2

173.46

November

-Nil-

44.05

7.08

18.07

33.04

26.06

63.03

10.00

-Nil-

45.70

77.91

December

-Nil-

44.02

-Nil-

0.04

-Nil-

10.06

-Nil-

7.00

68.00

-Nil-

13.56

Annual Total

3018.22

3202.68

3938.77

3626.47

2757.4

2911.4

2730.77

3291.85

4584.09

3694.07

2995.96

Station: Dhemaji E&D Divisional Office Compound

Source: Dept. of Water Resources

25

800.00

Monsoon Period

Average Annual Rainfall

700.00

Rainfall 2006

Rainfall (mm)

600.00 500.00 400.00 300.00 200.00 100.00

December

November

October

September

August

July

June

May

April

March

February

January

0.00

Fig. 2.4.1 Distribution of monthly rainfall

Annual Rainfall Variation

4000

3000

Year

Fig. 2.4.2 Variation in annual rainfall

26

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

2000 1995

Rainfall (in mm)

5000

Chapter 3

CHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER

3.1 Nature and distribution of key sampling wells In order to determine chemical quality of ground water of Dhemaji district with respect to arsenic contamination, ninety four (94) key sampling wells were established. Hand-pump, tubewell and dug-well being the most common spot source of drinking water, all these types were included for consideration as key sampling wells (KSW). Due consideration was given on geology and geomorphology of the area also. Type-wise numbers of key sampling wells are given in Table 3.1.1 to Table 3.1.3. Moreover wells are so selected that are in continuous use, well spread out and covers the entire area. Location map of key sampling wells is given in Figure 3.1.1. Table 3.1.1 Number of KSW based on well type Well Type

Number of Key Sampling Well

Hand pump

80

Tube well

11

Dug well

03

Table 3.1.2 Number of KSW based on location Block


Bordoloni

24

Dhemaji

28

Sisiborgaon

14

Muchkhowa

17

Murkong Selek

10

Table 3.1.3 Number of KSW based on geology and geomorphology Geology

Geomorphology


Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

06

Younger Alluvium

Younger Alluvial Plain

75

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

13

27

28

Fig. 3.1.1 Key sampling wells locations

29

Fig. 3.1.2 Distribution of Key sampling Wells shown on Terrain map (Terrain map source: map.google.com)

3.2 Sampling methodology Water samples were collected from key sampling wells established in the area. For this purpose, water samples (500 ml) were collected in clear polyethylene bottle (laboratory grade with cap and protective locks) from tubewells or deep-tubewells fitted with pumps after initial pumping for 10 minutes. Immediately after sampling, the samples are filtered through 0.45 millipore filters and then 8 ml of HCl (1:1) was added to each 500 ml of samples so that sample pH comes below 2. Additional 1lt of unfiltered, non-acidified samples were also collected for complete analyses. Field values of pH and EC was measured for each raw water sample before acidification, using portable digital pH and EC meters. Samples were then transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for As and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Samples were analyzed for As and Fe in the Regional Chemical Laboratory of Central Ground Water Board, Hyderabad (CGWB, SR) and North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management (NERIWALM), Tezpur. Regional Chemical Laboratory of CGWB, Guwahati has done rest of the analyses. To check the reliability of analytical results, during pre-monsoon season, two identical sets of samples were collected and sent separately to CGWB, SR and NERIWALM. Comparison of results is given in Figure 3.2.1. The comparison shows that results are quite comparable with correlation coefficient of 0.74 with few outliers. To understand the repeatability of analysis, each set has also been given three duplicate samples with modified sample number and locality name. Results of repeat analyses are given in Annexure-VI. The results indicate that analyses of CGWB, SR are more reliable, hence for the present study, analytical values of CGWB, SR has been accepted.

Comparison of Analytical Results 200

NERIWALM As (ppb)

150

100

50

y = 1.2449x + 0.0501 R2 = 0.7359 0 0

50

100

150

200

As (ppb) CGWB, SR

Fig. 3.2.1 Comparison of analytical results of As 30

3.3 Distribution of Arsenic and Iron An attempt has been made to understand the spatial distribution of Arsenic and Iron in the area. Maps of As and Fe distribution has been prepared and represented using bubble diagram and given in Figure 3.3.1 to 3.3.4. The maps show that arsenic contamination is most severe in the Dhemaji and Bordoloni blocks. However, significant high values are also present in Sisiborgaon and Muchkhowa blocks. Murkong Selek T.D. Block is list affected. Arsenic values in the district ranges between –BDL- and 249 ppb during pre-monsoon season and between –BDL- and 109.5 ppb during post-monsoon season. Block-wise arsenic value ranges are given in Table 3.3.1. Table 3.3.1 Block-wise range of Arsenic values (in ppb) Pre-monsoon

Post-monsoon

Block Name Minimum

Maximum

SAPL

Minimum

Maximum

SAPL

Bordoloni

-BDL-

249

52.4%

-BDL-

75.8

50%

Dhemaji

-BDL-

108

60.9%

-BDL-

109.5

58.3%

Sisiborgaon

-BDL-

54

12.5%

-BDL-

50.2

66.7%

Muchkhowa

1

93

71.4%

-BDL-

66.5

70%

Murkong Selek

-BDL-

11

9.1%

-BDL-

43.9

30.8%

District Total

-BDL-

249

45.7%

-BDL-

109.5

53.9%

SAPL: % of samples above permissible limit

In case of iron concentration, the maps show that most severe cases exist in the Dhemaji and Bordoloni blocks. However, all other blocks are also severely affected. Iron concentration values in the district ranges between 0 and 69 ppm during pre-monsoon season and between –TRACE- and 49.2 ppm during post-monsoon season. Block-wise arsenic value ranges are given in Table 3.3.1. Table 3.3.2 Block-wise range of Iron values (in ppm) Pre-monsoon

Post-monsoon

Block Name Minimum

Maximum

SAPL

Minimum

Maximum

SAPL

1.5

42

100%

0.3

46.2

80%

Dhemaji

0

69

91.3%

-Trace-

49.2

79.2%

Sisiborgaon

0

38

75%

0.1

31

66.7%

Muchkhowa

0.8

40

85.7%

0.2

33.9

60%

Murkong Selek

0

32

72.7%

0.2

40

38.5%

District Total

0

69

87.1%

-Trace-

49.2

68.4%

Bordoloni

SAPL: % of samples above permissible limit

31

32

Fig. 3.3.1 Pre-monsoon distribution of Arsenic concentration

33

Fig. 3.3.2 Post-monsoon distribution of Arsenic concentration

34

Fig. 3.3.3 Pre-monsoon distribution of Iron concentration

35

Fig. 3.3.4 Post-monsoon distribution of Iron concentration

Relation between Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon concentrations of As and Fe is graphically presented in Figure 3.3.5. For iron relation is well defined (correlation coefficient 0.78) with overall higher concentration during pre-monsoon season. However in case of arsenic the relationship is not so well defined with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.32 only. Though the overall higher concentration during pre-monsoon season is indicated by the plot, the situation arises out of presence of few high value outliers. In actuality it is spread over a region.

As Concentrations (in ppb) 250 y = 0.3543x + 26.457 R2 = 0.3233

Post-Monsoon

200

150

100

50

0 0

50

100

150

200

250

Pre-Monsoon

Fe Conc entrations (in ppm) 80 y = 0.722x + 0.6119 R2 = 0.7837

Post-Monsoon

60

40

20

0 0

20

40

60

80

Pre-Monsoon

Fig. 3.3.5

Relationship between Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon concentrations

36

Attempt has also been made to understand the correlation between arsenic and iron concentrations in the area. Scatter plots of arsenic vs. iron concentrations has been prepared and given in Figure 3.3.5 for both pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons. However, the plots do not reveal any significant correlation with correlation coefficient (R2) being 0.07 and 0.12 for premonsoon and post-monsoon respectively. This indicate that anomalous concentrations of As and Fe are not directly correlatable.

y = 0.7977x + 17.483

Pre Monsoon

R2 = 0.0713

250

As (ppb)

200 150 100 50 0 0

20

40 Fe (ppm)

60

80

Post Monsoon

y = 0.735x + 24.014 2

R = 0.1265

125

As (ppb)

100 75 50 25 0 0

20

40 Fe (ppm)

Fig. 3.3.6 Scatter plot of As vs. Fe

37

60

Though As and Fe does not show any direct correlation it may be result of other controlling factors. Effect of pH on concentration may have significant bearing. Plots of pH vs. As (Figure 3.3.6) and pH vs. Fe (Figure 3.3.7) show that respective pH window is centered around 7.4 and 7.5. This indicates that As and Fe may be correlatable within the overlapping pH window and lack correlation outside.

7.8 7.6 7.4 pH

7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 0

100

200

300

As (ppb)

Fig. 3.3.7 Scatter plot of pH vs. As (Pre-Monsoon)

7.8 7.6 7.4

pH

7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

Fe (ppm)

Fig. 3.3.8 Scatter plot of pH vs. Fe (Pre-Monsoon)

38

80.0

3.4 Depth variation of Arsenic and Iron Variation of As and Fe concentrations with depth has been studied. Plots of arsenic concentration vs. depth of well and iron concentration vs. depth of well for both pre- and postmonsoon seasons (Figure 3.4.1 and 3.4.2) shows that concentration of As and Fe is most at about 10m depth. Discussions with local hand pump borers also indicated that zone of about 26' (~8m) is often highly iron-rich and should be avoided.

As (ppb) 0.0

100.0

200.0

Fe (ppm )

300.0

0.0 0.00

10.00

10.00

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

Depth (m)

Depth (m)

0.00

20.00

20.00

30.00

30.00

Fig. 3.4.1 Depth vs. Concentration for As and Fe during Pre-monsoon Season

Fe (ppm )

As (ppb) 0.0

50.0

100.0

0.0

150.0

0.00

10.00

10.00

40.0

Depth (m)

Depth (m)

0.00

20.0

20.00

20.00

30.00

30.00

Fig. 3.4.2 Depth vs. Concentration for As and Fe during Post-monsoon Season

39

60.0

However, the depth-wise analysis may get biased by pattern and nature of sampling. During this study mostly private hand pumps have been sampled. But economic condition of people often does not permit to go at any depth. After the first zone at about 8m, next zone is commonly encountered beyond 60' (~20m) depth. Tapping this zone will increase the cost of construction many fold. Hence, a east-west profile of hand-pump depth has been prepared (Figure 3.4.3). This indicate that maximum depth is commonly encountered in Dhemaji block where as in eastern extremity wells are shallow. This pattern is correlatable with prepared fence diagram (Figure 2.3.1). Hence, bias if any may be considered negligible.

Latitude West

94.20

East

94.40

94.60

94.80

95.00

95.20

95.40

0

Depth (m bgl)

5 10 15 20 25 30 Figure 3.4.3 East-west profile of hand-pump depth Site-specific depth-wise variation in As and Fe concentration has been studied by comparing the As and Fe content of hand-pumps and deep tubewells of same location. Only seven set of data was available. As and Fe concentration has been analyzed for both pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons (Figure 3.4.4 and 3.4.5). Higher As content in deep tubewells has been observed only in Matikhola and Moridhal during pre-monsoon. At Moridhal situation again reversed during postmonsoon. Higher Fe content in deep tubewells has been observed only in Matikhola and Mohori Camp during pre-monsoon. During post-monsoon, at Jonai higher Fe content has been observed. This may indicate prevalence of As and Fe at shallower depth. On the other hand, these deep tubewells commonly tap several zones, hence a cumulative concentration may represent the well. However, a sharp contrast is commonly present between hand-pumps and deep tubewells concentrations.

40

Moridhol

Jonai II PWSS

Jonai II PWSS

Jonai

Jonai

Mohoricamp CGWB well 1


Tarajan

Tarajan

Bishnupur PWSS

Bishnupur PWSS

Bishnupur II

Bishnupur II

Likhabali MES WSS

Likhabali MES WSS

Likhabali II

Likhabali II

Matikhola PWSS

20.0

40.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

50.0

40.0

As (ppb)

60.0

60.0

As (ppb)

70.0

Matikhola HP

Dhemaji I PWSS Dhemaji Matikhola PWSS Matikhola HP 0.0

Dhemaji

Max. P. Limit

Dhemaji I PWSS

41

Moridhol

Fig. 3.4.4 Comparison of As content in Deep and shallow wells

Moridhol II PWSS

Post-Monsoon

Maximum Permissible Limit

Pre-Monsoon

Moridhol II PWSS

Jonai

Jonai



Tarajan

Tarajan

Bishnupur PWSS

Bishnupur PWSS

Bishnupur II

Bishnupur II

Likhabali MES WSS

Likhabali MES WSS

Likhabali II

Likhabali II

Matikhola PWSS

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

Matikhola HP 25.0

50.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

25.0

20.0

Fe (ppm)

30.0

Matikhola HP

Dhemaji

30.0

Matikhola PWSS

Dhemaji I PWSS

35.0

Dhemaji

40.0

Dhemaji I PWSS

42

Jonai II PWSS

Fig. 3.4.5 Comparison of Fe content in Deep and shallow wells

Jonai II PWSS

Post-Monsoon

Moridhol

45.0

Pre-Monsoon

Moridhol II PWSS

Moridhol

Fe (ppm)

35.0

Moridhol II PWSS

4.5 Effect on Human Health Though Dhemaji district has been reported to be contaminated with As, a very few reports about As contamination came so far. This posed hindrance towards detection of As contamination and estimation of its severity. Hence a small survey was also taken up during the study to know about the food habit and drinking water consumption habits of the people of the area. The results of survey are compiled in Annexure-VIII. Summary of survey results is given in Table 4.5.1 Table 4.5.1 Summary of survey results Sl. No. 1 a) b) c) 2 a) b) 3 a) 4 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) 5 a) b) a) b) 6 a)

Number and percent of conforming respondents

Property Occupation Farmer Govt. Servant Village Head Income Group Low Medium Main food Rice Subsidiary Food Dal Potato Green Vegetables Fish (Less than once a week) Fish (Once a week) Fish (More than once a week) Meat (Less than once a month) Meat (Once a month) Meat (More than once a month) Drinking water Source Hand pump Filtered (Yes/No) Type of filter Home made Sand Filter Commercial Porcelain Candle Filter Any lingering Disease Skin Disease

16 2 1

80% 10% 5%

9 11

45% 55%

20

100%

5 5 15 4 6 10 8 2 10

25% 25% 75% 20% 30% 50% 40% 10% 50%

20 20

100% 100%

18 2

90% 10%

2

10%

The results indicate that in both low and medium income group, consciousness about drinking water is present. Use of hand-pump water and filtering is everybody’s practice. It is probable that high iron content of drinking water made it compulsory. In food, apart from rice,

43

green vegetable is very common with moderate to high fish and meat consumption. This typical food habit may explain the less manifestation of As related diseases among the residents of the area. However, skin disease is common and present in about 10% people. These skin diseases may be further tested by authorized medical practitioners.

3.6 Effect of filtering on Arsenic and Iron As discussed above, it has been observed that common people of Dhemaji is used to the process of filtering of drinking water, particularly due to presence of high iron in groundwater. The domestic filters are not necessarily expensive ones, but are mostly make-shift arrangements in the form of sand filters in the rural areas. These filters are commonly prepared using cans initially filled with broken brick fragments then covered by sands. Porcelain candle filters also are very much in use and commoner in urban to semi-urban areas.

Fig. 3.6.1 Schematic diagram of homemade filter To check, whether this common practice of filtering has any effect on As content of water, in field condition both raw water sample and 24 hrs filtered water sample was been collected from two highly As infested areas namely Teliajan and Jamuguri of Dhemaji block (Well no 12 and 6 respectively). Analytical results are given in Annexure-VII. Candle type filter was in use at Teliajan (well 12) and home made sand filter was in use at Jamuguri (well 6). Analytical results are plotted in Figure 3.6.1. The results show that domestic filtering has successfully reduced the As and Fe levels in drinking water. At Jamuguri, arsenic concentration level gone down to 8 ppb from initial level of 79 ppb and iron concentration level gone down to 0.35 ppm from initial level of 22 ppm. At Teliajan, arsenic concentration level gone down to 2 ppb from initial level of 26 ppb and iron concentration level gone down to 0.88 ppm from initial level of 69 ppm. Thus filtering effectively reduced concentration levels of both the elements within maximum permissible limit of BIS (2003) standard. For arsenic the removal is about 90% and that for iron is about 98%. This is most probably result of co-precipitation of As with Fe under oxidizing environment.

44

Arsenic

Iron 80

100

Raw Water Sample 79 80

Max. Permissible Limit : 1 ppm

Raw Water Sample

24hr Filtered Sample

60

69

60

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

24hr Filtered Sample

40

40

26 20 20 10

8

22

Max Per. Limit 0.35

2

0.88

0

0 Jamuguri

Teliajan

Jamuguri

Teliajan

Fig. 3.6.2 Comparison of raw water sample and 24 hrs filtered water sample

45

Chapter 4

SUMMARY AND RECOMMEDATIONS 4.1 Summary The present study has been carried out to establish the presence of arsenic in ground water of Dhemaji District and to relate its distribution with existing hydro-geological set up of the area by understanding the regional hydrogeology and spatiotemporal variation of arsenic contamination. The results and findings of the study are summarized as below: a)

Study confirms about presence of arsenic in the Dhemaji district;

b)

However, distribution of arsenic is not uniform and con controlled by complex interaction of existing geological-hydrogeological set up with climatic condition;

c)

The study of the geology of the area indicates a complex depositional environment. It indicates variation in nature of aquifer both in lateral and vertical directions. However in contrast to earlier conceived double-aquifer model, present study indicates about a mono-aquifer system with intermittent clay lenses/layers which may extend for considerable distance. A continuous separating layer is absent;

d)

Ground water in the area occurs under water-table condition and locally under semiconfined condition. Water table contour maps indicate that ground water flows from north to south. Depth to water level varies from 0.01 m bgl to more than 9.4 m bgl during pre-monsoon period (April, 2006) and from 1.84 m bgl to more than 9.63 m bgl during post-monsoon period (November, 2006);

e)

The post-monsoon water level trends always show slightly rising trend, where as during pre-monsoon it is rising in some places and falling in some places. However, pre-monsoon falling trend is typically associated with more urban setup and rising trends are associated with rural setup;

f)

Arsenic concentration is high in the west-central part of the district;

g)

Along with earlier identified Dhemaji and Sisiborgaon blocks, Bordoloni block is also highly affected. On the other hand, Murkong Selek T.D. Block is list affected;

46

h)

Spatially arsenic values vary widely as well as seasonally. During pre-monsoon the range is BDL to 249 ppb and that during post monsoon is BDL to 109.5 ppb;

i)

Relation between Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon concentrations of As is not well defined, though overall higher concentration during pre-monsoon season is indicated. However, for iron, the relation is well defined (correlation coefficient 0.78) with overall higher concentration during pre-monsoon season;

j)

Study indicates that anomalous concentrations of As and Fe are not directly correlatable. However, effect of pH on concentration may have significant bearing;

k)

Comparison of

concentrations with depth of well for both pre- and post-monsoon

seasons (Figure 3.4.1 and 3.4.2) shows that concentration of As and Fe is most at about 10 m depth. This is correlatable with geological model; l)

Site-specific depth-wise comparison of As and Fe concentration using hand-pumps and deep tubewells of same location also indicate prevalence of As and Fe at shallower depth;

m)

Results of survey about food and drinking water use habit indicate that in both low and medium income groups, consciousness about drinking water is present. Use of handpump water and filtering is everybody’s practice. In food, high intake of green vegetable with moderate to high intake of fish and meat may prevent ill effects of arsenic. However, skin disease is common and present in about 10% people;

n)

Use of domestic filter effectively reducing arsenic level in water. These filters are in common use due to high concentration of iron in water. Field eexperimental results show that for arsenic the removal is about 90% and that for iron is about 98%, which is most probably result of co-precipitation of As with Fe under oxidizing environment.

4.2 Recommendations Solution to such a problem like mitigation of Arsenic contamination hazard lies in understanding the intricate relationship between the various socio-economic factors associated with it. Consumed arsenic may be excreted from the body through methylation (often termed as detoxification) mostly through urine. But methylation reaction needs methyl source coming from a balanced nutritional methionine-rich food sources like green vegetables and meat (Basu and Sil, 2003). Thus economic condition of the population affected also plays a key to the solution.

47

In view of rural nature and demographic setup of the area, the following recommendations may be considered: a)

Though present study confirms about presence of arsenic in the area, more detailed study is required to understand detailed aquifer geometry and characterization of aquifer matrix. Chemical equilibrium system has to be thoroughly understood, so that proper remediation technique may be devised;

b)

A well census for ground water abstraction structures may be carried out in the area for more precise identification of As contamination and its severity and further hazard mitigation. Water well registration may be made mandatory;

c)

Arsenic removal plants may not be very effective as they create on-site sludge disposal problems;

d)

In-situ removal has been successful in decreasing arsenic concentrations from ground water containing high concentrations of both arsenic and iron. Pumping water from one well into a second well after adding atmospheric oxygen can result in arsenic removal from the ground water (Rott and Friedle, 1999). The recharged well can then be used for water supply. Advantage of this approach is that more than ten units of low-arsenic water may be obtained for each unit recharged. Also, removal efficiency increases with successive cycles of recharge and withdrawal. Injection of water containing dissolved oxygen can lead to rapid exchange of Fe2+ for cations in the injected water with subsequent Fe2+ oxidation to form hydrous ferric oxide (HFO). Upon reversing the flow direction, the injected water has lower iron concentration. Continued pumping can produce water with a lower iron concentration because Fe2+ is removed by exchange. Arsenic can co-precipitate with the HFO during injection and adsorption onto the HFO during withdrawal (Welch and Stollenwerk, 2001);

e)

Conjunctive use may be preferred, instead of consumptive use;

f)

Even if alternate sources of water for potable purposes are identified, continued agricultural activity by As contaminated ground water will pose significant risk to animal and human health through water-soil-crop transfer of As. Food crops such as vegetables and cereals can become a path by which As may enter the food chain. Recent studies by Meharg et al. (2002) and Huq et al. (2001) demonstrated significant uptake of Arsenic by rice and a

range of vegetable crops;

48

g)

In the face of As contamination hazard, an umbrella of legal framework with relevant and strict water related laws should be erected with vigilant implementations in place, to achieve sustainability. Agencies responsible for such look-after should be sufficiently empowered legally as well as organizationally.

49

BIBLIOGRAPHY Astolfi, E., Maccagno, A., Fernandez, J.C.G., Vaccara, R. and Stimola, R., (1981) Relation between arsenic in drinking water and skin cancer. Biological Trace Element Research, 3, pp. 133- 143. Basu, B., and Sil, S., (2003) Arsenic mapping for North 24- Pargana District of West Bengal – using GIS and Remote Sensing technology; Proc. Map India Conference; Borgono, J.M. and Greiber, R. (1971) Epidemiological study of arsenicism in the city of Antofagasta. Trace Substances in Environmental Health, 5, pp. 13-24. Cebrian, M.E., Albores, A., Aguilar, M. and Blakely, E. (1983) Chronic arsenic poisoning in the north of Mexico. Human Toxicology, 2, pp. 121-133. Dept. of Agriculture (2005) Basic Information Booklet on Agriculture in Dhemaji District, District Agriculture Office, Dept. of Agriculture; Govt. of Assam; Dhemaji; 17P. Huq, S.M.I., Quazi Afroz Jahan Ara, Khaleda Islam, Abduz Zaher and Ravi Naidu (2001) The possible contamination from Arsenic through food chain. in: Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in the Bengal Delta Plain of Bangladesh. Proceedings of the KTH-Dhaka University Seminar, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Jacks, G., Bhattacharya, P. and Khan, A.A. (Eds.). KTH Special Publication, TRITA-AMI Report 3084, KTH, pp. 91-96. Meharg, A.A. and Rahman, M.M. (2002) Arsenic Contamination of Bangladesh Paddy Field Soils: Implications for Rice Contribution to Arsenic Consumption. Environ. Sci. Technol., ASAP Article 10.1021/es0259842 S0013-936X(02); pp. 05984-9. Official Website of Dhemaji District at http://assamdistricts.nic.in/dhemaji/dhemaji.htm Official Website of School /arsenicContents.htm

of

Environmental

Studies

(SOES)

http://www.soesju.org/arsenic

PHED (2003) Dhemaji District Public Health Engineering Department at a glance, Office of the Public Health Engineering Department; Govt. of Assam; Dhemaji, November 2003, 23P. Reddy, G. V. (1999) Reapprisal Hydrogeological Surveys in Dhemaji district, Assam State; CGWB; NER. Rott, U. and M. Friedle (1999) Subterranean removal of arsenic from groundwater; in Arsenic exposure and health effects. C.O. Abernathy, W.R. Chappell, and R.L. Calderon eds., Oxford, UK, Elsevier Science Ltd., pp. 389-396. Roy, B. (2006) Report on District ground water development and management studies Dhemaji district, Assam; CGWB; NER. Welch, A.H., Helsel, D.R., Focazio, M.J., and Watkins, S.A. (1999) Arsenic in ground water supplies of the United States, in: Arsenic exposure and health effects, W.R. Chappell, C.O. Abernathy and R.L. Calderon, Eds., Elsevier Science, New York, pp. 9-17. Welch, A.H., and Stollenwerk, K.G., (2001) In-situ remediation of arsenic in ground water: In Arsenic in the Asia-Pacific Region, Adelaide, Australia, Nov. 20-23; pp.67-68.

50

ANNEXURES

Annexure I

DETAILS OF KEY SAMPLING WELLS ESTABLISHED IN DHEMAJI DISTRICT RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°30'08.00"

88

0.30

13.72

Younger Alluvium


At Goalchapori middle school. About 4 km from Dhemaji on way to Moridhol.

94°35'50.22"

27°32'15.03"

85

0.30

10.97

Younger Alluvium


At Moridhol chariali. Backside of Hotel Joya. Owner of the hotel is Sh. Satish Gogoi.

Hand pump

94°35'19.55"

27°33'00.56"

89

0.30

13.72

Younger Alluvium


2 km from Moridhol chariali towards north, before reaching Raichapori Lachom gaon. Well is in the residence of Kakoi Hatimuria.

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°31'55.77"

27°31'56.18"

93

1.52

6.40

Younger Alluvium


Beside Raichpori Lachomgaon L.P. school. Backside of Sh. Baidyanath Taye.

High Fe; Sand pumping.

Jamuguri

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°31'34.38"

27°30'33.13"

98

0.30

7.62

Younger Alluvium


At Jamuguri Panchali. In the residence of Sh. Damodar Kaptak.

High Fe, Used after filtering

8

Santipur Konch Gaon

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°30'04.66"

27°33'05.31"

107

0.30

18.29

Younger Alluvium


Santipur Konchgaon is 5 km from Jamuguri Panchali. Well is at Jamuguri Panchali L.P school.

9

Theckjuri

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°29'27.41"

27°30'37.16"

99

0.15

13.72

Younger Alluvium


3 km from Jamuguri panchali/ 10 km from Jiyadhol

Sl. No.

Well No.

1

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

1

Goalchapori

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°34'55.60"

2

2

Moridhol

Dhemaji

Hand pump

3

3

Moridhol Hachwa

Dhemaji

4

5

Raichapori Lachomgaon

5

6

6

7

52

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks

Sl. No.

Well No.

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks

chariali. Well is at Theckjuri 5 No. L.P. school. Opposite to Mukul Medical Hall. 8

10

Jiyadhol Tingharia

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°30'20.20"

27°27'12.12"

80

0.30

10.67

9

12

Teliajan

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°32'40.74"

27°26'57.35"

86

0.61

7.32

10

13

Dhemaji I

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°33'53.40"

27°28'49.44"

89

0.30

7.62

11

14

Dhemaji PWSS

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

94°34'06.76"

27°28'49.26"

87

0.91

28.96

12

15

Matikhola PWSS

Machkhowa

Deep Tubewell

94°35'23.85"

27°27'05.94"

83

0.91

13

16

Matikhola

Machkhowa

Hand pump

94°35'34.83"

27°26'56.12"

84

0.30

53

Younger Alluvium


At railstation chariali. About 2 km from Jiyadhol chariali, in the residence of Sh. Harison Pegu.

Younger Alluvium


25 km from Gogamukh chariali towards Dhemaji. Well is at Teliajan tiniali, in the residence of Sh. Jogen Gogoi.

Younger Alluvium


In the campus of Office of the Director of Health Service, Dhemaji. Well is in the house of Nandalal Basfor, Sweeper.

Younger Alluvium


Dhemaji PHED Public Water Supply System.

60.96

Younger Alluvium


Matikhola PHED Public Water Supply System.

13.72

Younger Alluvium


3 Km from Dhemaji town towards south. Well is at Matikhola L.P. school, beside Namghar.

26

22

Arsenic Symptoms?

Low Fe, with out Filtering also. Arsenic Symptom(?) For nearby well

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°26'27.76"

97

0.30

13.72

19

Younger Alluvium


6 km from Dhemaji, opposite to medical sub-centre. In the house of Kumveswar Bora.

94°28'15.85"

27°25'24.55"

77

0.30

7.62

5

Younger Alluvium


17 km from Gogamukh chariali towards Dhemaji. Well beside Samajan Namghar and in the residence of Sh. Samanta Chutia.

Hand pump

94°25'38.17"

27°29'06.67"

106

0.18

13.41

4

Younger Alluvium


At 621 No. Borbila L.P school. About 9 km from Moromi tiniali beside Namghar.

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°26'43.70"

27°31'06.13"

103

0.30

7.62

Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

From Barbali chariali/ Baligaon chariali 10 km approx. Well is at Lalukijan Majgaon. In the residence of Sh. Ram Bahadur Thapa Chetri.

Kamalpur (Lalukijan Dharmapur)

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°27'02.52"

27°29'27.21"

91

0.61

13.41

Younger Alluvium


Beside Lalukijan Dharmapur L.P school. Owner Rina Sonwal.

22

Dihingia Barbam

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°25'14.85"

27°27'57.15"

85

0.46

10.67

Younger Alluvium


In the residence of Sh. Sisuram Sonwal.

23

Deuri Barbam

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°25'51.44"

27°26'51.45"

101

0.15

21.34

Younger Alluvium


At Barbam L.P. school.

Sl. No.

Well No.

14

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

17

Chengalipath ar

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°31'42.34"

15

18

Samajan

Bordolani

Hand pump

16

19

Borbila Chutakia

Bordolani

17

20

Majgaon (Lalukjan)

18

21

19

20

54

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Deuri

Remarks


RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°24'44.96"

69

0.61

10.36

94°22'13.81"

27°25'15.20"

78

0.46

20.12

Hand pump

94°21'51.88"

27°28'04.32"

98

0.37

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°22'09.04"

27°29'23.11"

85

Mohoricamp Tiniali

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°18'30.90"

27°28'17.07"

29

Dirpai

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°17'53.47"

30

Borolagaon

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°19'48.69"

Sl. No.

Well No.

21

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

24

Bordoloni

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°25'23.24"

22

25

Bhebali

Bordolani

Hand pump

23

26

Betbari

Bordolani

24

27

Bhekali

25

28

26

27

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Younger Alluvium


In the residence of Sh. Laxmi Munda, beside Bordoloni police station.

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

6 km from Gogamukh chariali on way to Dhemaji. At Bhebeli H.S. school campus.

19.81

Younger Alluvium


4 km from Moromi tiniali at Betbari. Opposite Betbari H.S. school in the house of Sh. Premsagar Boro.

0.30

5.18

Younger Alluvium


7 km from Moromi tiniali at Bhekeli gaon (in between Betbari and Krishnapur). In the residence of Sh. Krishna Doley.

72

0.30

7.62

Younger Alluvium


4 km from Gogamukh chariali towards north on way to Dirpai. Backside of the shop of Sh. Hemraj Sarma. Beside M/s Horizon stores.

27°29'53.65"

93

0.30

4.57

Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

In the residence of Sh. Lankeswar Doley. Beside Dirpai PHED PWSS.

27°31'13.24"

92

0.46

7.62

Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

At Borola chariali, 11 km from Gogamukh towards north. In the

55

9

1.5

Remarks

High Fe

Sl. No.

Well No.

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks

residence of Sh. Ashini Saikia, Opp. Rubi Drugs House.

28

31

Gogamukh

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°18'57.91"

27°26'04.58"

87

0.46

8.84

29

32

Bherikichuk

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°31'31.67"

27°24'36.40"

88

0.61

11.58

30

33

Botipur

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°31'39.53"

27°23'19.17"

86

0.61

7.32

31

34

Latakgaon

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°19'49.72"

27°23'21.88"

84

0.61

10.36

32

35

Bordoibum

North Lakhimpur District

Hand pump

94°20'47.00"

27°21'13.68"

93

0.61

7.01

56

9

4

Younger Alluvium


At Gogamukh chariali. Opposite Santosh Bastralaya, backside of the shop of Sh. Babul Barman.

Younger Alluvium


Opposite Bherikichuk L.P. school in the residence of Sh. Rudreswar Changmai.

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

At Botipur chariali, backside of the shop of Sh. Deben Bora.

Younger Alluvium


5 km from Gogamukh chariali towards south on Gogamukh – Ghilamora road. In the residence of Sh. Udesh Pegu.

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

11 km from Gogamukh chariali towards south on Gogamukh – Ghilamora road. In front of Shiva Temple, beside shop of Sh. Dharmeswar Bora.

Contaminated(?)

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°31'49.54"

95

0.46

7.47

5

Younger Alluvium

94°43'43.24"

27°31'29.85"

91

0.61

7.32

6

Hand pump

94°44'15.64"

27°33'23.40"

101

0.30

7.62

10

Sisiborgaon

Hand pump

94°43'37.70"

27°34'56.40"

100

0.30

10.36

Madhuri pathar

Sisiborgaon

Hand pump

94°42'36.30"

27°38'20.30"

124

0.46

7.92

A41

Likhabali MES WSS

Sisiborgaon

Deep Tubewell

94°41'49.00"

27°38'51.89"

129

0.91

91.44

39

A44

Shripani

Machkhowa

Hand pump

94°38'24.04"

27°34'02.61"

104

0.30

40

46

Amguri

Machkhowa

Hand pump

94°38'25.73"

27°26'48.40"

83

0.30

Sl. No.

Well No.

33

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

36

Sisiborgaon

Sisiborgaon

Hand pump

94°40'48.35"

34

37

Kulajan

Machkhowa

Hand pump

35

38

Akajan

Sisiborgaon

36

A39

Silapathar

37

A40

38

57

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks


Well is at Sisiborgaon chariali, beside NH. Infront of the shop of Sh. Keshab Ch. Bhuian.


Younger Alluvium


Well is at Kulajan chariali beside NH.

Low Fe, without Filter

Younger Alluvium


At Akajan tiniali, in the residence of Smt. Nilima Pait.


Younger Alluvium


In front of Residential Public School, about 3 km from Akajan towards north.

3

Younger Alluvium


Silapathar – Likhabali road. On the backside of Pradhan Medical stores. Owner Sh. Brishnu Pradhan.

4

Younger Alluvium


Within Likhabali army camp. MES WSS.

10.97

Younger Alluvium


Well is at Shripani Janakalyan chariali and backside of the shop of Sh. Kulo Saikya.

0.00

Younger Alluvium


At Amguri Tribal High School. About 12 km from Dhemaji through Bangalmara.

Geology

Sl. No.

Well No.

41

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°39'30.37"

111

0.30

7.92

Younger Alluvium


13 km from Akajan towards Jonai. Beside NH & backside of M/s Sabita Industry.

94°51'08.15"

27°42'13.48"

119

0.46

10.97

Younger Alluvium


At Depa village, 1 km before Simen river. In the residence of Sh. Haladhar Paul.

Hand pump

94°52'53.80"

27°43'02.60"

121

0.30

10.97

Younger Alluvium


At the trijunction of Simenchapori college road. Owner Sh. Shriram Chutia.

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°00'34.60"

27°45'49.90"

107

0.61

10.67

Younger Alluvium


41 km from Akajan on way to Jonai. Beside Telem GWMS. In the residence of sh. Sarath Ch. Mili.

High Fe. Nearby defunct PWSS encountered Bouldery fm.at 78ft.

Limekuri

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°04'44.35"

27°44'47.30"

102

0.30

7.92

Younger Alluvium


49 km from Akajan. At Laimekuri PHED PWS station.

Also 35' TW in the area. Nearby defunct PWSS 41m. Bouldery fm. at 100'.

Gali

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°07'21.80"

27°45'16.80"

105

0.30

7.62

Younger Alluvium


54 km from Akajan. At Gali bazaar tiniali. Backside of the shop of Sh. Doni Pegu.

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

47

Bhagaban Chariali

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

94°47'03.89"

42

48

Depa

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

43

49

Simenchapori

Murkong Selek

44

51

Telem (Kaman Selek)

45

52

46

53

58

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks

Low Fe, without Filter

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°46'51.40"

108

0.30

4.57

Younger Alluvium


Near Bijoypur GWMS. In the residence of Manchili Basumatari, owner of Jamuna medical stores.

95°13'36.90"

27°49'33.20"

117

0.30

8.84

Younger Alluvium


In front of the school beside Jonai PHED PWSS.

Deep Tubewell

95°13'36.90"

27°49'33.20"

0.91

18.29

Younger Alluvium


Jonai town PHED PWSS. Back side of the Court.

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°14'57.40"

27°47'56.20"

110

0.46

3.66

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

4 km from Jonai bazaar towards south. Beside shop of Sh. Rajkumar Doley.

Kachari Baligaon

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°32'22.85"

27°29'35.47"

113

0.46

13.56

Younger Alluvium


From Dhemaji railway station ½ km towards North approaching Jamuguri Panchali. In the residence of Sh. Bolin Kochari.

59

Naharbari

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°30'44.07"

27°29'25.25"

98

0.30

25.91

Younger Alluvium


Approchable from Jamuguri Panchali towards west. In the residence of Sh. Makan Ching Chinte, at Naharbar.

60

Lachitnagar (Khubulia)

Machkhowa

Tube well

94°34'32.96"

27°27'31.09"

92

0.30

27.43

Younger Alluvium


At Dhemaji Civil Hospital water supply campus.

Sl. No.

Well No.

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

47

54

Bijoypur

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°09'59.40"

48

55

Jonai

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

49

56

Jonai II PWSS

Murkong Selek

50

57

Bahir Jonai

51

58

52

53

59

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks

High Fe, Used after filtering. Also 20' TW in the area.

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°30'43.90"

94

0.15

15.24

94°36'34.88"

27°31'22.10"

91

0.91

Hand pump

94°22'06.99"

27°29'24.95"

85

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°27'03.77"

27°29'27.66"

Lalukijan Majgaon (II)

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°26'42.47"

27°30'31.45"

66

Barbam Garubandha

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°25'16.57"

27°27'53.68"

67

Dhemaji (II)

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°33'29.13"

27°28'35.81"

Sl. No.

Well No.

54

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

61

Juktali

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°34'02.62"

55

62

Jamuguri (Moridhol)

Machkhowa

Hand pump

56

63

Bhekeli (II)

Bordolani

57

64

Lalukijan Dharmapur (II)

58

65

59

60

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Younger Alluvium


At Juktali L.P school. About 2 km from Goalchapori.

13.11

Younger Alluvium


From Moridhol chariali towards south-east. In the residence of Sh. Gopal Lahon.

0.30

7.62

Younger Alluvium


7 km from Moromi tiniali at Bhekeli gaon (in between Betbari and Krishnapur).

77

0.46

7.92

Younger Alluvium


Approachable from Baligaon chariali, in between Moromi tiniali and Barbila Chutiakari, towards west. Beside school, in the residence of Sh. Rabindra Barman.

99

0.30

7.62

Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

From Barbali chariali/ Baligaon chariali 10 km approx. Well is at Lalukijan Majgaon. In the school campus.

0.30

10.67

Younger Alluvium


Before reaching Bali-gaon towards west. At Barbam Garubandha L.P school.

0.30

10.67

Younger Alluvium


At Hotel Shikha & Restaurent, Station road.

87

60

Geology

Remarks

Arsenic Symptom (?)

Sl. No.

Well No.

61

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°30'40.52"

88

0.37

13.72

94°31'04.10"

27°31'18.17"

97

0.91

187.45

Hand pump

94°31'04.10"

27°31'18.17"

97

0.30

3.66

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°28'51.25"

27°23'30.11"

87

0.61

24.38

Ghogua

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°27'30.59"

27°21'40.08"

77

0.30

Barmuthani gaon

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°25'18.62"

27°20'36.58"

96

0.30

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

68

Chaporigaon (Goalchapori)

Dhemaji

Hand pump

94°34'28.94"

62

69

Bishnupur PWSS

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

63

69A

Bishnupur II

Dhemaji

64

70

Naroathan

65

71

66

72

61

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Younger Alluvium


Approchable from Goalchapori tiniali. Opposite residence of Sh. Bimal Chetia, before reaching Juktali L.P. school, beside road.

Younger Alluvium


Approachable from Jamuguri panchali towards north. At Jawhar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Bishnupur.

Younger Alluvium


Hand pump just beside the PWSS

Younger Alluvium


5 km from Botipur on way to Ghilamara. Well is at 3 No. L.P. school, which is about 200m from Naroathan chowk towards north.

10.36

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

In front of Ghogua Shiv dole Temple, beside Ghogua Panchyat office/ Girls High school – 3km approx. from Naroathan & approx 4km before Kahikuchi.

7.92

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

In the Barmuthani Gaon Ma Moni Aye Than whie approaching from Ghilamara towards Goagamukh.

6

4

Remarks


RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°32'02.50"

89

0.91

33.53

Younger Alluvium


8 km from Dhemaji on way to Sisiborgaon. Near Moridhol chariali. At Moridhol PHED PWSS.

94°41'50.70"

27°38'00.73"

129

0.46

9.75

Younger Alluvium


Hand pump inside ammunition Depot.

Deep Tubewell

94°18'37.61"

27°28'45.67"

85

0.80

59.50

Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

The site is located in the PHED campus at Tarajan. About 5 km from Gogamukh towards north on NEC road after Mohori Camp.

Bordolani

Hand pump

94°18'37.29"

27°28'45.16"

83

0.30

3.66

Older Alluvium

Piedmont Plain

Near Mohori Camp. Hand pump beside CGWB well.

Lalungaon

Machkhowa

Hand pump

94°37'54.11"

27°32'40.75"

86

0.30

4.88

Younger Alluvium


Between Moridhol and Sisiborgaon. In the residence of Sh. Rambihari Singh

111

Chengalipath ar DTW

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

94°31'31.31"

27°26'22.16"

89

0.91

27.43

Younger Alluvium


About 2 km from Telijan tiniali to Gogamukh. Chengali-pathar PHED water supply station.

Low Fe

73

112

Hatigarh PWSS

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

94°32'06.46"

27°26'04.15"

90

0.91

27.43

Younger Alluvium


At Hatigarh on Teliajan - Botipur Road. About 2 km from Telijan tiniali.

Very low Fe

74

113

Bherikichuk PWSS (II)

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

94°31'29.87"

27°24'23.79"

84

0.91

27.43

Younger Alluvium


At Bherikichuk on Teliajan - Botipur Road. About 400m from the other key well.

Low Fe

Sl. No.

Well No.

67

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

73

Moridhol PWSS (II)

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

94°35'46.80"

68

A75

Likhabali II

Sisiborgaon

Hand pump

69

81


Bordolani

70

82

Tarajan

71

99

72

62

16

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks


RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°23'18.53"

85

0.91

24.38

94°25'01.48"

27°23'12.99"

72

0.37

6.10

Hand pump

94°55'40.67"

27°45'02.96"

112

0.30

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°09'03.02"

27°44'42.74"

97

Dali Moromi

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

95°07'02.75"

27°44'15.95"

119

Barmuria Tiniali

Machkhowa

Hand pump

94°44'13.35"

81

120

Kandulijan

Machkhowa

Hand pump

82

121

Pia

Machkhowa

83

122

Gelua

Sisiborgaon

Sl. No.

Well No.

75

Geology

Geomorph -ology

2

Recent Alluvium

5

Location Details

Remarks

Flood Plain

5 km from Botipur on way to Ghilamara. PWSS is about 200m from Naroathan chowk towards south.

Low Fe

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

About 5 km south of Bordoloni. Residence of Debidas Hazarika.

High Fe

7.92

Younger Alluvium


Opposite to NH52 Milestone 473. Residence of Krishna Boro.

0.30

7.92

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

Near Bandhana Tiniali. Residence of Muniram Doley.

96

0.30

7.92

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

Near Barbali Tiniali. Residence of Jatin Doley.

27°32'42.08"

86

0.30

7.62

Younger Alluvium


Near Akajan. Behind Hotel and Residence of Dibakar Pegu.

94°43'56.84"

27°31'13.09"

83

0.30

7.92

Younger Alluvium


South of Kulajan. In the residence of Neheru Kuli.

Hand pump

94°42'48.03"

27°29'58.96"

87

0.61

7.62

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

About 6 km south of Kulajan. In the residence of Sharmakanta Pegu.

Hand pump

94°42'35.31"

27°32'15.59"

84

0.30

7.92

Younger Alluvium


On SisiborgaonKulajan Road. Beside GeluaSilkhaguri Primary School.

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

114

Naroathan PWSS (II)

Dhemaji

Deep Tubewell

94°29'02.99"

76

115

Maralchuk

Bordolani

Hand pump

77

116

Dekapam

Murkong Selek

78

117

Naharbijuli

79

118

80

63

3

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

27°29'43.18"

84

0.30

7.92

Younger Alluvium


On the way to Amguri through Sisiborgaon. Just Beside Gahmara Bazar.

94°40'55.71"

27°33'27.88"

83

0.46

7.47

Younger Alluvium


In the residence of Manak Chutia. Opp. to Sisiborgaon Primary Health Centre.

Hand pump

94°42'01.39"

27°34'42.63"

90

0.61

8.23

Younger Alluvium


Sisipukia Silapathar road. In the residence of Hemanta Konwar.

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

94°57'25.24"

27°41'58.17"

0.15

9.14

1

Younger Alluvium


In Misamora L.P. school, which is about 10 km from Dekapam towards south.

Chamkang

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

94°54'24.49"

27°39'47.03"

93

0.15

9.14

2

Younger Alluvium


In Chamkang govt. primary school, which is about 10 km from Simenchapori towards south.

Tara pump

133

Chamkang Narayanpur

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

94°53'19.78"

27°38'56.83"

100

0.15

9.14

2

Younger Alluvium


In Chamkang Narayan-pur primary school, which is about 12 km from Simenchapori towards south.

Tara pump

134

Kuligaon

Murkong Selek

Hand pump

94°50'40.86"

27°36'32.50"

101

0.61

9.14

1

Recent Alluvium

Flood Plain

In Napam Kuli primary school, which is about 8 km from Bhagwan Charali towards south.

Tara pump

Sl. No.

Well No.

Locality

Block

Type

Latitude

Longitude

84

123

Gahmara

Machkhowa

Hand pump

94°40'02.16"

85

124

Sisipukia

Sisiborgaon

Hand pump

86

125

Kenduguri

Sisiborgaon

87

131

Misamora

88

132

89

90

64

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Remarks

Sl. No.

Well No.

Locality

Block

Type

91

135

Dhemaji CH

Dhemaji

Latitude

Longitude

Tube well

94°50'40.86"

27°36'32.50"

RL

MP

Depth

Age

(m amsl)

(m agl)

(m)

(Yr)

90

0.15

9.14

10

Geology

Geomorph -ology

Location Details

Younger Alluvium


Inside Dhemaji Circuit House.

Remarks

92

74

Bijaypur

Murkong Selek

Dug well

95°09'49.32"

27°46'38.64"

122.29

1.00

Younger Alluvium


18 km from 3rd Railcum-Road bridge towards Jonai. 50m east of road in the State Dispensary campus

HNS Well ASDM 04

93

75

Siripani

Machkhowa

Dug well

94°38'23.80"

27°34'03.00"

104.21

0.97

Younger Alluvium


In the campus of Siripani HS school. 23 km from Dhemaji towards Jonai on NH52.

HNS Well ASDM16

94

76

Silapathar

Sisiborgaon

Dug well

94°43'37.56"

27°34'31.80"

114.68

0.98

Younger Alluvium


In the campus of Silapathar Forest IB

HNS Well ASDM15

65

Annexure – II

DETAILS OF HYDROGRAPH NETWORK STATIONS IN DHEMAJI DISTRICT

Well No

Well Type

Latitude

Longitude

M.P. (m agl)

R.L. (m amsl)

Geology

Akajan

ASDM 01

Dug well

27°33'28.80"

94°44'13.56"

1.10

105.66

Alluvium

Bhagaban Ch.

ASDM 02

Dug well

27°39'11.52"

94°47'01.32"

1.05

-NA-

Alluvium

Bijoypur

ASDM 04

Dug well

27°46'38.64"

95°09'49.32"

1.00

122.29

Alluvium

Bordoloni

ASDM 05

Dug well

27°24'48.96"

94°26'26.88"

1.25

95.12

Alluvium

Dhemaji

ASDM 08

Dug well

27°28'50.16"

94°33'46.08"

0.99

102.41

Alluvium

Ghilamara

ASDM 11

Dug well

27°18'23.40"

94°24'23.40"

0.86

93.06

Alluvium

Gogamukh

ASDM 12

Dug well

27°25'52.32"

94°19'06.24"

0.80

96.98

Alluvium

Jonai

ASDM 13

Dug well

27°49'31.80"

95°13'39.72"

0.80

124.36

Alluvium

Siripani

ASDM 16

Dug well

27°34'03.00"

94°38'23.80"

0.45

104.21

Alluvium

Silapathar

ASDM 15

Dug well

27°34'31.80"

94°43'37.56"

0.98

114.68

Alluvium

Sisiborgaon

ASDM 17

Dug well

27°32'11.04"

94°39'34.20"

0.97

108.21

Alluvium

Telem

ASDM 18

Dug well

27°45'57.60"

95°00'39.60"

1.01

126.98

Alluvium

Botipur

8313C3

Dug well

27°23'12.12"

94°31'44.40"

0.84

99.64

Alluvium

Depa

8312D3

Dug well

27°42'10.08"

94°51'20.88"

0.95

-NA-

Alluvium

Dirpai

8313B7

Dug well

27°29'41.64"

94°17'51.72"

0.57

104.69

Alluvium

Machkhowa

8313C2

Dug well

27°23'42.72"

94°37'59.88"

1.10

95.43

Alluvium

Village Present wells

Old Wells

66

Annexure – III

LITHOLOGS OF BOREHOLES DRILLED IN DHEMAJI DISTRICT BY CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

Location: Uriamguri (Borola Mirigaon) From(m)

To(m)

Thickness(m)

Clay with sand

0

3

3

Clayey sand, clay yellowish sticky, sand, yellowish brown , fine grained

3

5

2

Sand, fine grained with little mica flakes, yellowish brown

5

12

7

Lithology

Clay , sticky and plastic , gray

12

18

6

Sand, fine grained ,yellowish brown and gray

18

20

2

Cutting of pebble/boulder of Quartzite, rounded, mixed with sand, medium grained, gray

20

25

5

Sand with mica flakes , medium to fine grained , gray

25

29

4

Sand with clay, in equal proportion, sand fine grained mainly mixed with pebbles, clay sticky

29

30

1

Sand , medium grained , gray

30

32

2

Sand mixed with mica flakes , coarse grained , gray

32

38

6

Coarse sand, gray

38

39

1

Coarse sand, gravel with mica

39

40

1

Coarse sand with mica and cuttings of pebbles, quartzite

40

42

2

From(m)

To(m)

Thickness(m)

Surface soil (clay mixed sand)

0

3

3

Sand, fine, yellow to white with gravel, pebble and pieces of wood

3

6

3

Sand, fine, yellowish mixed with clay and gravel

6

7

1

Sand, white, medium mixed with gravel and pebble with occasional cuttings of boulder

7

11

4

Sand, coarse, mixed with gravel and pebble

11

13

2

Sand, medium, mixed with gravel and pebble and chips of boulders

13

14

1

Sand, medium to coarse, with gravel, pebble and cuttings of boulders

14

20

6

Sand, yellow, fine, mixed with clay, gravel, pebbles and cutting of boulders.

20

22

2

Location: Tarajan, Near Mohori Camp Lithology

67

Sand, fine to coarse, with gravel, pebble and chips of boulders

22

32

10

Gravel, pebble and cutting of boulders

32

34

2

Sand, medium to coarse with gravel and pebble and cutting of boulders

34

40

6

Sand, medium to coarse with gravel and pebble

40

42

2

Sand, fine to medium, brown

42

44

2

Clay, yellow and sticky

44

45

1

Gravel, pebble, cobble and boulder

45

46

1

68

Annexure – IV

SELECTED LITHOLOGS OF BOREHOLES DRILLED IN DHEMAJI DISTRICT BY PRIVATE AGENCIES

Location: Arsia Majhabari Lithology

From

To

Thickness

Gravel

0.00

2.44

2.44

Clay mixed with sand

2.44

4.57

2.13

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

7.32

7.32

Clay mixed with sand

7.32

12.50

5.18

Boulder encountered

> 12.5

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

7.32

7.32

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay

0.00

1.52

1.52

Coarse sand with pebble, cobble

1.52

2.13

0.61

Medium to coarse sand (sometimes 1-2 inch clay layer in between)

2.13

15.24

13.11

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Top hard soil

0.00

3.05

3.05

Coarse sand

3.05

4.57

1.52

Sticky clay

4.57

6.40

1.83

Coarse sand

6.40

8.84

2.44

Sand mixed with cobble and pebble

8.84

22.86

14.02

Location: Takegitung (PHED Well) Lithology Sand

Location: Gogamukh (Beside Subansiri River, Rupaimukh Village) Lithology Coarse sand Clay

> 7.32

Location: Dhemaji Town (Near College) Lithology

Boulder encounter

> 15.24

Location: Moridhal (Just before reaching bridge) Lithology

69

Location: Kamchi (West of Sripani) Lithology Top hard soil

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

3.05

3.05

Clay

3.05

7.62

4.57

Sand mixed with pebble and cobble

7.62

10.67

3.05

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Top hard soil

0.00

3.05

3.05

Sand, medium to coarse

3.05

6.10

3.05

Location: Bargaya Deurigaon (Bokajan School) Lithology

Medium sand

6.10

15.24

9.14

Sand mixed with pebble and cobble

15.24

16.15

0.91

Sand, coarse to medium

16.15

22.86

6.71

Location: Mathura gaon Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Top soil

0.00

1.52

1.52

Coarse sand

1.52

15.24

13.72

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Topsoil

0.00

3.05

3.05

Sand

3.05

5.49

2.44

Sticky clay

5.49

7.01

1.52

Coarse sand

7.01

15.24

8.23

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Coarse sand

0.00

1.52

1.52

Sand with cobble and pebble

1.52

4.57

3.05

Coarse sand

4.57

7.62

3.05

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sticky clay

0.00

6.10

6.10

Sand with cobble and pebble

6.10

9.14

3.05

Sand, coarse grained

9.14

24.38

15.24

Boulder encountered

> 15.24

Location: Akajan Lithology

Boulder encountered

> 15.24

Location: Likhabali Lithology

Location: Naroathan (Kechukhanagaon) Lithology

70

Location: Barmuthanigaon Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sticky clay, blackish

0.00

12.19

12.19


12.19

24.38

12.19

Location: Deuri Barbam Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sand, fine grained

0.00

15.24

15.24

Boulder encounter

> 15.24

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay, sticky

0.00

6.10

6.10

Sand, coarse and fine mixed

6.10

18.29

12.19

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

24.38

24.38

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

15.24

15.24

Location: Goalchapori Lithology

Pebbles and cobbles encountered

> 18.29

Location: Kendugurigaon Lithology Sand Pebbles and cobbles encountered

> 24.38

Location: Barmuthanigaon Lithology Sand, fine grained Pebbles and cobbles encountered

> 15.24

Location: Jamuguri Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay

0.00

6.10

6.10

Sand

6.10

21.34

15.24

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

12.19

12.19

12.19

15.24

3.05

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sand, fine grained

0.00

1.52

1.52

Clay, sticky

1.52

6.10

4.57

Sand, fine grained

6.10

12.19

6.10

Location: Shripani (Near Gai Deori) Lithology Clay, sticky Sand, fine grained Boulder encountered

> 15.24

Location: Dhemaji Town Lithology

71


12.19

21.34

9.14

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay

0.00

6.10

6.10

Sand

6.10

15.24

9.14

15.24

24.38

9.14

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Surface soil

0.00

3.00

3.00

Surface soil mixed with sand

3.00

6.50

3.50

Sand, fine grained

6.50

9.50

3.00

Sand

9.50

17.80

8.30

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Surface soil

0.00

7.50

7.50

Sand, fine grained

7.50

10.20

2.70

Sand, coarse grained, mixed with gravel

10.20

19.80

9.60

Boulder encountered

> 19.8

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Surface soil

0.00

8.20

8.20

Sand, fine grained

8.20

13.50

5.30


13.50

29.70

16.20

Boulder encountered

> 29.7

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Suface soil

0.00

4.10

4.10

Sand, fine grained

4.10

7.15

3.05


7.15

23.05

15.90

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay, sticky

0.00

0.61

0.61

Pebbles, cobbles

0.61

3.05

2.44

Sand, coarse grained, whitish

3.05

6.10

3.05

6.10

7.92

1.83

Location: Chowkhamgaon Lithology

Sand, Pebble, cobble Location: Limekuri Lithology

Location: Round Miri Lithology

Location: Dekapam Lithology

Location: Telem Lithology

Location: Laipulia Lithology

Sand mixed with pebble Boulder encountered

> 7.92

72

Location: Santipur Ranganadi Lithology Sand, fine to medium grained, reddish

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

12.19

12.19

12.19

18.29

6.10

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay, sticky, blackish

0.00

6.10

6.10


6.10

6.71

0.61


6.71

7.32

0.61

Sand, fine to medium grained, blackish

7.32

10.67

3.35

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)


0.00

1.52

1.52

Clay, sticky, redish

1.52

2.44

0.91


2.44

4.88

2.44

Clay, sticky, grayish

4.88

6.10

1.22

Sand, fine mixed with coarse

6.10

7.62

1.52

Sand, coarse grained, whitish Location: Dhemaji Town (In the bus stand) Lithology

Location: Nalbari Lithology

Clay, sticky, bluish

7.62

10.67

3.05

10.67

11.89

1.22

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sand, fine grained

0.00

4.57

4.57

Clay, sticky

4.57

9.14

4.57


9.14

10.67

1.52


10.67

12.19

1.52


12.19

13.72

1.52


13.72

18.29

4.57


18.29

19.81

1.52

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sand, fine grained, whitish

0.00

4.88

4.88

Sandy clay, whitish

4.88

6.40

1.52


6.40

9.14

2.74

Sand, coarse grained, whitish Location: Kothalguri (PHED well) Lithology

Location: Borgaon (Bogori Baligaon) Lithology

73

Location: Goalchapori Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sand, fine grained, reddish

0.00

6.10

6.10


6.10

6.71

0.61

Sand, fine grained, yellowish

6.71

9.75

3.05


9.75

19.81

10.06

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clayey sand, light yellowish

0.00

1.83

1.83


1.83

3.05

1.22

Sand, coarse grained, yellowish

3.05

4.57

1.52


4.57

7.62

3.05

Sand, coarse grained, light yellowish

7.62

13.72

6.10

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sandy clay, grayish

0.00

3.05

3.05

Sand, medium to fine grained, light yellowish

3.05

4.57

1.52

Sand, coarse grained, light yellowish

4.57

15.24

10.67

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Location: Koyakhola Lithology

Location: Naoali Bhojugaon Lithology

Location: Dhemaji Town (SP office quarter) Lithology Sand, coarse grained, whitish

0.00

3.66

3.66


3.66

12.19

8.53

12.19

15.24

3.05

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)


0.00

2.44

2.44

Sand, coarse grained, reddish

2.44

4.57

2.13

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)


0.00

4.57

4.57

Sand, very fine grained, reddish

4.57

6.10

1.52

Sand, coarse grained, reddish

6.10

14.02

7.92

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

0.00

18.29

18.29

Sand, fine grained, blackish Location: Nagakhelia Lithology

Location: Lachit Nagar (Beside hospital) Lithology

Location: Nalanipam Lithology Clay, sticky, blackish

74

Location: Bongalmari Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)


0.00

2.44

2.44


2.44

3.05

0.61

Sand, medium grained, whitish

3.05

6.10

3.05

Sand, medium grained, reddish

6.10

7.01

0.91

Sand, coarse grained, blackish

7.01

14.02

7.01

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Sand, medium grained, reddish

0.00

1.52

1.52


1.52

3.66

2.13


3.66

4.27

0.61


4.27

12.19

7.92

12.19

18.29

6.10

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)


0.00

3.05

3.05

Clay, sticky

3.05

3.66

0.61

Location: Sisiborgaon (Police Thana campus) Lithology

Sand, coarse grained, whitish Location: Raitingaon Lithology


3.66

13.72

10.06

Pebbles, cobbles

13.72

14.33

0.61


14.33

18.29

3.96

Location: Takobari Lithology

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)


0.00

5.49

5.49

Pebbles, cobbles

5.49

6.10

0.61


6.10

23.16

17.07

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Clay with fine sand

0.00

3.00

3.00

Grey fine sand

3.00

6.00

3.00

Location: Hatipara (Irrigation DTW) Lithology

Fine sand

6.00

12.20

6.20

Fine to medium sand

12.20

15.20

3.00

Medium sand

15.20

24.30

9.10

Sand with gravel

24.30

27.40

3.10

Sand with gravel and boulder

27.40

30.50

3.10

Boulder cutting

30.50

42.70

12.20

Sand with gravel and boulder cuttings

42.70

54.90

12.20

75

Boulder cutting

54.90

57.90

3.00

Large boulder cutting

57.90

64.00

6.10

Sand with gravel

64.00

67.10

3.10

Sand with gravel and boulder cuttings

67.10

76.20

9.10

Medium sand with gravel

76.20

82.30

6.10

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Fine sand and silt

0.00

3.04

3.04

Fine to medium sand

3.04

9.12

6.08

Coarse sand with pebbles

9.12

15.20

6.08

Boulder cutting

15.20

21.28

6.08

Gravel cutting

21.28

24.32

3.04

Boulder cutting

24.32

27.36

3.04


27.36

30.40

3.04

Large boulder cuttings with coal

30.40

33.50

3.10

Large boulder cutting with pebbles

33.50

45.72

12.22

Boulder cutting with pebbles

45.72

48.76

3.04


48.76

51.80

3.04

From (m)

To (m)

Thickness (m)

Location: Gogamukh (Irrigation DTW) Lithology

Location: Bishnupur (Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya DTW) Lithology Fine sand

0.00

15.20

15.20

Medium sand

15.20

24.32

9.12

Medium to coarse sand with boulder

24.32

57.36

33.44

Clay

57.76

66.88

9.12

Medium sand

66.88

69.92

3.04

Clay

69.92

94.24

24.32

Medium sand

94.24

97.28

3.04

Clay

97.28

124.64

27.36

124.64

130.72

6.08

Clay

130.72

155.34

24.62

Coarse sand with boulder

155.34

171.46

16.11

Medium sand with boulder

171.46

187.45

15.99

Medium sand with boulder

76

Annexure – V

RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM KEY SAMPLING WELLS

Sam. No.

Locality

PreMonsoon

PostMonsoon

Pre-Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon

PreMonsoon

Post-Monsoon

Field values

Field values

Analyzed by CGWB-NER

Analyzed by CGWB, Hyderabad

Analyzed by NERIWALM


pH

EC

pH

EC

pH

EC

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

1

Goalchapori

-

309

6.6

321

7.3

183

113

11.0

0.51

31.0

0.044

44

48.08

31.0

54.3

2

Moridhol

-

378

6.3

512

7.5

277

172

21.0

0.34

32.0

0.022

22

108.40

47.5

109.6

3

Moridhol Hachwa

-

325

6.5

337

7.5

283

175

7.1

0.07

14.0

0.018

18

11.18

16.7

17.3

5

Raichapori Lachomgaon

-

376

-

-

7.4

212

131

21.0

0.23

65.0

0.029

29

18.40

39.3

31.8

6

Jamuguri

-

385

-

-

7.5

301

187

18.0

0.50

22.0

0.079

79

65.64

17.8

108.5

8

Santipur Konch Gaon

-

239

6.7

-

7.5

222

137

7.1

0.38

3.3

0.082

82

76.95

6.7

100.1

9

Theckjuri

-

148

-

-

7.6

228

141

25.0

0.14

13.0

0.026

26

14.97

-

-

10

Jiyadhol Tingharia

-

255

6.4

324

7.6

178

110

21.0

0.19

48.0

0.018

18

7.79

49.2

15.7

12

Teliajan

-

394

6.6

442

7.5

324

201

53.0

0.04

69.0

0.026

26

17.74

40.2

52.4

13

Dhemaji

-

305

6.8

379

7.5

320

198

43.0

-BDL-

1.0

0.002

2

0.00

0.4

-BDL-

14

Dhemaji I PWSS

-

281

6.5

240

7.7

265

164

14.0

0.08

4.7

0.008

8

4.66

8.7

-BDL-

15

Matikhola PWSS

-

256

-

-

7.5

201

125

11.0

0.38

18.0

0.064

64

62.02

-

-

16

Matikhola HP

-

205

6.6

222

7.6

244

151

18.0

0.05

1.1

0.001

1

10.00

0.4

-BDL-

77

Sam. No.

Locality

PreMonsoon

PostMonsoon

Pre-Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon

PreMonsoon

Post-Monsoon

Field values

Field values





pH

EC

pH

EC

pH

EC

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

17

Chengalipathar

-

60

6.2

314

7.5

81

50

14.0

-BDL-

2.8

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.8

-BDL-

18

Samajan

-

603

6.8

525

7.6

414

257

14.0

-BDL-

42.0

0.009

9

12.28

46.2

-BDL-

19

Borbila Chutakia

6.3

54

5.8

61

7.5

78

48

7.1

-BDL-

2.3

0.003

3

0.00

0.3

-BDL-

20

Majgaon (Lalukjan)

-

216

6.3

172

7.5

220

136

11.0

-BDL-

2.7

0.017

17

33.00

2.7

17.2

21

Kamalpur (Lalukijan Dharmapur)

6.3

293

-

-

7.6

194

120

7.1

0.23

31.0

0.147

147

194.50

-

-

22

Dihingia Barbam

-

202

-

-

7.6

168

104

14.0

-BDL-

21.0

0.006

6

0.00

-

-

23

Deuri Barbam

6.9

185

6.4

128

7.4

197

122

18.0

-BDL-

2.5

0.003

3

0.76

0.3

5.4

24

Bordoloni

-

345

6.4

347

7.6

336

208

21.0

-BDL-

2.1

0.013

13

6.39

7.9

11.4

25

Bhebali

-

340

6.6

178

7.6

285

177

14.0

0.06

22.0

0.015

15

9.00

14.7

10.0

26

Betbari

7.2

301

6.6

252

6.6

240

149

14.0

0.13

24.0

0.023

23

38.23

19.5

40.3

27

Bhekali

7.1

131

6.2

180

7.6

125

78

14.0

0.01

2.1

0.016

16

13.09

4.6

14.7

28

Mohoricamp Tiniali

-

299

6.4

328

7.5

256

159

25.0

0.07

15.0

0.02

20

13.59

15.7

11.2

29

Dirpai

-

272

6.4

178

7.4

250

155

39.0

-BDL-

30.0

0.002

2

3.84

10.0

-BDL-

30

Borolagaon

-

180

6.3

196

7.4

155

96

25.0

-BDL-

17.0

0.009

9

2.76

12.7

-BDL-

31

Gogamukh

-

845

6.4

804

7.6

700

434

96.0

-BDL-

36.0

0.059

59

85.62

28.8

29.8

32

Bherikichuk

-

185

6.5

128

7.6

201

125

14.0

0.09

3.5

0.001

1

0.73

2.2

-BDL-

33

Botipur

-

305

6.3

537

7.7

317

197

18.0

-BDL-

0.7

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.5

-BDL-

78

Sam. No.

Locality

PreMonsoon

PostMonsoon

Pre-Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon

PreMonsoon

Post-Monsoon

Field values

Field values





pH

EC

pH

EC

pH

EC

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

34

Latakgaon

-

270

6.7

237

7.7

272

169

18.0

-BDL-

1.5

0.0005

0.5

0.00

0.6

-BDL-

35

Bordoibum

-

168

6.6

387

7.7

143

89

7.1

0.32

6.7

0.102

102

93.86

12.3

86.2

36

Sisiborgaon

-

295

6.4

286

7.6

179

111

14.0

0.16

36.0

0.001

1

35.91

26.4

29.9

37

Kulajan

-

295

6.5

297

7.6

316

196

21.0

0.15

0.8

0.002

2

5.66

0.8

11.3

38

Akajan

-

166

6.5

374

7.6

124

77

7.1

-BDL-

18.0

-BDL-

-BDL-

6.11

16.7

38.9

A39

Silapathar

-

334

6.4

329

7.5

210

130

21.0

0.14

38.0

-BDL-

-BDL-

32.00

31.0

-BDL-

A40

Madhuripathar

-

449

6.5

406

7.5

375

233

35.0

0.05

3.9

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.06

0.4

-BDL-

A41

Likhabali MES WSS

-

172

6.3

171

7.5

174

109

7.1

0.08

0.3

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.1

29.1

A44

Shripani

7.10

228

6.5

238

7.5

132

82

7.1

0.08

29.0

0.02

20

43.18

25.5

57.8

47

Bhagaban Chariali

-

111

6.3

128

7.5

108

67

7.1

-BDL-

4.6

0.0008

0.8

0.00

0.7

-BDL-

48

Depa

-

48

6.3

48

7.0

53

33

7.1

-BDL-

0.7

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.4

-BDL-

49

Simenchapori

-

187

6.3

155

7.1

115

71

18.0

0.24

31.0

0.011

11

4.42

13.3

-BDL-

51

Telem (Kaman Selek)

-

101

6.1

71

7.1

69

43

7.1

-BDL-

1.1

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.4

13.4

52

Limekuri

-

79

6.0

49

7.1

81

50

7.1

-BDL-

2.3

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.2

-BDL-

53

Gali

-

231

6.1

221

7.0

256

159

43.0

-BDL-

3.9

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

0.4

-BDL-

54

Bijoypur

-

89

6.3

67

7.2

81

50

3.5

-BDL-

10.0

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

4.4

-BDL-

55

Jonai

-

-

6.2

156

7.3

148

92

20.0

-BDL-

32.0

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

2.3

-BDL-

79

Sam. No.

PreMonsoon

PostMonsoon

Pre-Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon

PreMonsoon

Post-Monsoon

Field values

Field values





Locality

pH

EC

pH

EC

pH

EC

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

56

Jonai II PWSS

-

-

6.2

194

7.3

160

99

11.0

-BDL-

18.0

0.007

7

0.00

9.5

10.6

57

Bahir Jonai

-

230

6.8

226

7.6

237

147

7.1

-BDL-

0.0

0.002

2

0.00

0.6

-BDL-

58

Kachari Baligaon

-

381

5.7

-

7.4

262

162

11.0

0.38

39.0

0.108

108

51.07

32.1

59.4

59

Naharbari

-

313

5.8

367

7.6

318

197

14.0

0.07

26.0

0.016

16

3.95

17.6

-BDL-

60

Lachitnagar (Khubulia)

-

233

6.3

233

7.5

222

138

14.0

0.12

11.0

0.011

11

0.00

5.8

12.1

61

Juktali

-

371

6.4

380

7.5

275

171

11.0

0.29

33.0

0.024

24

20.65

24.9

28.8

62

Jamuguri (Moridhol)

-

269

6.4

328

7.5

202

125

7.1

0.27

23.0

0.022

22

145.30

22.7

66.5

63

Bhekeli (II)

7.0

328

6.3

302

7.4

221

137

7.1

0.26

37.0

0.249

249

417.20

23.6

75.8

64

Lalukijan Dharmapur (II)

6.0

288

-

-

7.5

232

144

7.1

0.50

24.0

0.178

178

199.90

-

-

65

Lalukijan Majgaon (II)

-

138

6.6

162

7.4

146

91

11.0

0.23

5.2

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

2.3

-BDL-

66

Barbam Garubandha

-

200

6.5

128

7.3

149

92

11.0

0.29

20.0

0.02

20

13.55

10.6

34.1

67

Dhemaji (II)

-

375

6.8

382

7.4

290

180

46.0

-BDL-

35.0

0.008

8

153.00

22.2

36.0

68

Chaporigaon (Goalchapori)

-

240

6.6

238

7.4

172

107

0.2

0.23

28.0

0.015

15

1.09

17.5

18.8

69

Brishnupur PWSS

-

400

5.8

-

7.5

352

218

11.0

-BDL-

23.0

0.008

8

0.00

15.0

16.7

Brishnupur II

-

240

-

-

7.5

131

81

7.1

-BDL-

30.0

0.009

9

0.00

-

-

70

Naroathan

-

179

6.7

218

7.4

204

126

18.0

-BDL-

0.0

0.007

7

0.00

Tr

-BDL-

73

Moridhol PWSS (II)

-

315

-

-

7.5

251

156

18.0

0.07

24.0

0.054

54

20.23

-

-

69A

80

Sam. No.

PreMonsoon

PostMonsoon

Pre-Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon

PreMonsoon

Post-Monsoon

Field values

Field values





Locality

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

303

180

7.1

0.55

13.0

0.054

54

29.28

8.6

50.2

7.6

339

210

21.0

0.13

22.0

-BDL-

-BDL-

19.64

-

-

328

7.6

326

202

21.0

0.09

7.0

-BDL-

-BDL-

0.00

3.8

-BDL-

6.3

753

7.6

598

371

60.0

0.27

40.0

0.093

93

69.06

33.9

57.8

-

6.5

128

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

7.8

-BDL-

-

-

6.6

93

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.9

-BDL-

Chengalipathar DTW

-

-

6.1

178

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2.3

-BDL-

112

Hatigarh PWSS

-

-

6.6

322

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.3

-BDL-

113

Bherikichuk PWSS (II)

-

-

6.3

316

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

8.5

19.8

114

Naroathan PWSS (II)

-

-

6.8

125

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.7

-BDL-

115

Maralchuk

-

-

6.5

344

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

32.2

19.9

116

Dekapam

-

-

6.1

256

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.6

11.0

117

Naharbijuli

-

-

6.3

126

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.8

-BDL-

118

Dali Moromi

-

-

6.5

318

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

40.0

43.9

119

Barmurai Tiniali

-

-

6.5

328

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

23.5

35.9

120

Kandulijan

-

-

6.4

381

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.3

-BDL-

121

Pia

-

-

6.5

221

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

-BDL-

pH

EC

pH

EC

pH

EC

Likhabali II

-

364

6.5

368

7.5

81

Mohoricamp CGWB Well

-

371

-

-

82

Tarajan

-

308

6.4

99

Lalunggaon

6.9

801

71

Ghogua

-

72

Barmuthanigaon

111

A75

81

As (ppb)

Sam. No.

Locality

PreMonsoon

PostMonsoon

Pre-Monsoon

Pre-Monsoon

PreMonsoon

Post-Monsoon

Field values

Field values





pH

EC

pH

EC

pH

EC

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

122

Gelua

-

-

6.4

215

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11.1

43.6

123

Gahmara

-

-

6.4

202

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

9.7

51.6

124

Sisipukia

-

-

6.1

62

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.2

-BDL-

125

Kenduguri

-

-

6.3

162

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12.7

24.1

74

Bijoypur

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.000

-

0.00

-

-

75

Siripani

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.0

0.001

-

0.00

-

-

76

Silapathar

-

311

6.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.2

0.000

-

0.00

-

-

131

Misamora

-

-

6.8

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

132

Chamkang

-

-

6.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

82

Annexure – VI

RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DUPLICATE WATER SAMPLES Locality

Goalchapori

Jamuguri

Well No.

1

6

Modified Key Well No

39

CGWB, SR

Sample st

NERIWALM

Fe (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

1

Goalchapori

1 sample

31

44

48

76

Goalgaon

2nd sample

41

39

26

22

79

66

sample

25

78

0

1 sample

38

0

32

31

1

29

6 6A

Silapathar

Modified Location

39 75

Jamuguri Jamuguri II Silapathar Silajan

st

1 sample nd

2

st

nd

2

83

sample

Annexure – VII

RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FILTERED WATER SAMPLES Pre-Monsoon Sam. No.

Well No.

Locality




pH

EC

TDS (ppm)

Cl (ppm)

F (ppm)

Fe (ppm)

As (ppm)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

6A

6

Jamuguri

7.6

359

223

18

0.64

0.35

0.008

8

-Nil-

12A

12

Teliajan

7.5

357

221

60

-BDL-

0.88

0.002

2

-Nil-

84

Annexure – VIII

RESULTS OF SURVEY ON FOOD HABIT AND DRINKING WATER Sl. No.

Name/Sex /Age

1

Gopinath Boro /M /42

2

Bhaba Saikia /M /39

3

Padasingh Bora /M /28

Key well No.

Locality

Occupation

Income group

Drinking water Source

Filtered (Yes/No)

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes

Home made Sand Filter

-

Dal, Potato

Fish once in a week, Meat once in 5-6 months

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Rice

Dal, Potato

Fish once in a week, Meat once in 5-6 months, Dry Fish

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Rice

Green Vegetables mainly

Fish 2-3 times in a week, Meat once in a month.

Betel nut, Tea

Hand pump

Yes

Commercial Porcelain Candle Filter

Fish once in a week, Meat twice in a month.

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Fish once in a week, Meat twice in a month.

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Main food

Subsidiary Food

Consumption of Non-veg food

Dal, Potato


8

Shantipur Konchgaon

8

Shantipur Konchgaon

Farmer

8

Shantipur Konchgaon

Agricultural labour

Teliajan

Retd. Govt. Servant

Medium

Rice

Green vegetables mainly

Medium

Rice

Dal, Potato

Farmer

4

Arun Baruah /M /67

5

Chandra Bora /M /46

17

Chengalipathar

Village Head

6

Nakul Chetia /M / 32

17

Chengalipathar

Farmer

12

Low

Low

Low

Medium

Rice

Rice

85

Other

Type of filter

Any lingering Disease

Skin Disease

Other


Filtered (Yes/No)

Type of filter


Dal, Potato

Fish 3-4 times in a week, Meat once in a month.

Betel nut, Tea

Hand pump

Yes

Commercial Porcelain Candle Filter

-

Rice

Green vegetables

Fish & Meat maximum

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Medium

Rice

Green vegetables

Fish & Meat maximum

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Farmer

Low

Rice


Fish / Meat not much

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Jamukguri

Farmer

Low

Rice



Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

3

Moridhal Hachwa

Farmer

Low

Rice



Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

58

Kachari Baligaon

Rice


Fish / Meat once or twice a week

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

14

Numal Taye /M /42

5

Raichapori Lachumgaon

Farmer

Medium

Rice



Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


15

Shibut Das /M /49

6

Jamuguri

Farmer

Medium

Rice

Green vegetables

Fish / Meat once / twice

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


Sl. No.

Name/Sex /Age

7

Bhadreswar Ghosh /M /43

8

Key well No.

Subsidiary Food


Rice

Medium

Farmer

Juktali

62

Locality

Occupation

10

Jiadhol

Govt. servant

Medium

Donai Naro /M /36

59

Naharbari

Farmer

9

Gobinda Sonwal /M /53

59

Naharbari

10

Kumar Chinte /M /21

61

11

Gopal Lahon /M /36

12

Kakoi Hatimuria /M /35

13

Bolin Kochari /M /37

Farmer

Income group

Low

Main food

86

Skin Disease

-

Sl. No.

Name/Sex /Age

Key well No.

Locality

Occupation

Income group

Subsidiary Food



Filtered (Yes/No)

mainly

a week

Rice



Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Rice


Fish regular. Meat once or twice a week

Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Rice



Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-


Betel nut

Hand pump

Yes


-

Fish rarely, Meat once in 2-3 months

Betel nut, Occasiona l Tea

Hand pump

Yes


-

Main food

16

Ananda Kalita /M /26

17

Cheniram Barpatra /M /55

18

Baneswar Dihingia /M /48

19

Bhabanipras ad Rijal /M /43

65

Lakukijan

Farmer

Low

Rice


20

Brishnu Deori /M /39

23

Deuri Barbam

Farmer

Low

Rice


6

32

32

Jamuguri

Bherikichuk

Bherikichuk

Farmer

Farmer

Farmer

Medium

Medium

Medium

87

Other

Type of filter


Annexure –IX

SELECTED STANDARDS FOR PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER

Quality Parameters

Bureau of Indian Standards (2003) (BIS: IS: 10500, 2003) Highest desirable

Maximum permissible

WHO Guideline value (2004)

Physical Turbidity (JTU)

2.5

10

-

5

25

-

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

-

6.5-8.5

6.5-9.2

6.5-8.5

Total hardness (as CaCO3 in mg/l)

300

600

500

TDS

500

1500

1000

Calcium (mg/l)

75

200

-

Magnesium (mg/l)

30

100

-

0.3

1

0.3

Manganese (mg/l)

0.05

0.5

0.4

Copper (mg/l)

0.05

1.5

2

Sodium (mg/l)

-No standard-

-No standard-

-No standard-

Potassium (mg/l)

-No standard-

-No standard-

-No standard-

200

400

400

Nitrate (mg/l)

45

No relaxation

50

Chloride (mg/l)

250

1000

250

Fluoride (mg/l)

1

1.5

1.5

Cadmium (mg/l)

0.01

No relaxation

0.003

Lead (mg/l)

0.05

No relaxation

0.01

Zinc (mg/l)

5

15

-No standard-

Chromium (mg/l)

0.05

0.1

0.05

Arsenic (mg/l)

0.01

No relaxation

0.01

Antimony (mg/l)

0.006

No relaxation

0.005

Aluminium (mg/l)

0.03

0.2

-No standard-

2

No relaxation

0.7

Absent

0.0002

-No standard-

Colour (Hazen unit) Taste and Odour pH

Chemical

Iron (mg/l)

Sulphate (mg/l)

Barium (mg/l) Beryllium (mg/l)

88

Cyanide (mg/l)

0.05

0.05

0.07

Mercury (mg/l)

0.001

No relaxation

0.001

Selenium (mg/l)

0.01

0.1

0.01

1

5

0.3

200

600

Absent

0.001

1

10

0

α Particle

0-4 ρC/yr

No relaxation

1 Bq/I

β Particle

0-15 ρC/yr

No relaxation

0.1 Bq/I

0-5 ρC/yr

No relaxation

-

Boron (mg/l) Alkalinity (as CaCO3 in mg/l) Pesticides (µg/l)

Species Specific

Biological Pathogens (Coliform) Radiological

Radium

89

writeup main1

writeup main1

Suggest Documents

Writeup area - Renier Construction

Writeup for dosfun4u - Synacktiv

Annotated Presentation Writeup (PDF)

Lab writeup guidelines.pdf - Google Drive

Appendix 2 - supplementary protocols and writeup - PLOS

CRD writeup for compounding conference2000 - Rauwendaal ...

Pharm 543 Pharmacy Laws & Ethics Ethics Case Writeup This is a ...