Zootaxa, The genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 ...

TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2166: 1–23 (2009) www.mapress.com/ zootaxa/

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

Article

Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press

ZOOTAXA

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

The genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 (Collembola, Neanuridae) in the Ukraine with descriptions of new species IGHOR J. KAPRUS’1 & WANDA M. WEINER2 1

State Natural History Museum, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Teatral’na St. 18, UA-79008 L’viv, Ukraine. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, Pl-31 016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Four new species of Pseudachorutes from Ukraine are described and illustrated: P. vitalii sp. nov., P. scythicus sp. nov., P. vasylii sp. nov. and P. janstachi sp. nov. These new species differ in the body size, in the details of body chaetotaxy, in the number of vesicles of PAO, in the shape of mandibles, in the chaetotaxy of labrum and labium. The following species are redescribed on the basis of Ukrainian material: Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973, Pseudachorutes palmiensis Börner, 1903, Pseudachorutes parvulus Börner, 1901, Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg, 1871, Pseudachorutes dubius Krausbauer, 1898 and Pseudachorutes corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896). A key to the Ukrainian Pseudachorutes species are given, too. Key words: taxonomy, P. vitalii sp. nov., P. scythicus sp. nov., P. vasylii sp. nov., P. janstachi sp. nov., identification key, chaetotaxy

Introduction The genus Pseudachorutes Tullberg, 1871 contains presently 107 species world wide (Bellinger et al. 2008). This genus is characterized by the following diagnostic characters: buccal cone extended, mandibles with two or several teeth, maxilla often styliform with two lamellae, ocelli 8+8, PAO present, empodial appendage absent, furca well developed, anal spines absent (Stach 1949, Massoud 1967). The results of studies on Collembola in Ukraine for 150 years were summarized in “Catalogue of the Collembola and Protura of Ukraine” (Kaprus’ et al. 2006). Only six Pseudachorutes species, P. dubius Krausbauer, 1898, P. corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896), P. laricis Arbea & Jordana, 1989, P. parvulus Börner, 1901, P. palmiensis Börner, 1903 and P. subcrassus Tullberg, 1871, were collected on the country. A recent taxonomical study of Pseudachorutini recently collected in the Ukraine revealed four new species described here and one additional species record for the Ukraine. The presence of P. laricis was not confirmed. In the present paper we give modern redescriptions of P. dubius, P. corticicolus, P. parvulus, P. palmiensis, P. subcrassus and Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973 based on Ukrainian material. The type material of five first mentioned species has been lost (we have no information about this material). Recent descriptions of these species were published by Fjellberg (1998) from Fennoscandia and Jordana et al. (1997) from Spain. However, some morphological information was absent in these descriptions. The Scandinavian material of P. dubius, P. corticicolus, P. parvulus, P. subcrassus and Spanish material of P. palmiensis is considered to be conspecific with studied specimens from Ukraine. In the present paper descriptions of all Pseudachorutes species from Ukraine and a comparison of differentiating characters (Table 1) are given.

Accepted by P. Greenslade: 17 Jun. 2009; published: 23 Jul. 2009

1

· Zootaxa 2166 © 2009 Magnolia Press

6–9

6–9

10–12

9–12

4–6

17–22

P. pratensis Rusek, 1973

P. scythicus sp. nov.

P. subcrassus Tullberg, 1871

P. vasylii sp. nov.

P. vitalii sp. nov.

15–20

P. parvulus Börner, 1901

P. palmiensis Börner, 1903

7

14–20

P. dubius Krausbauer, 1898

P. janstachi sp. nov.

6–9

Vesicles number in PAO

P. corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896)

Species

Characters

Labral formula

4/2,3,4

2/3,3,4

4/2,3,3,4

4/2,3,3,4

4/2,3,4

2/2,3,3,4

4/3,3,4

2/2,3,4

4/2,3,4

4/2,3,4

Organites x / papillate setae L on labium –/–

+/+

+/+

–/–

+/–

+/+

+/+

+/+

–/–

–/–

Teeth number at mandible 2

4

4

3

2

4

5

3

2

4

Unpaired d1 seta / a0 setae on head +/–

+/–

+/–

+/+

–/–

+/–

+/–

+/–

+/–

+/–

Th I 3+3

3+3

3+3

4+4

3+3

3+3

4+4

3+3

4+4

3+3

Th II 10+10

10+10

11+11

13+13

10+10

11+11

11+11

12+12

10+10

12+12

Th III 10+10

10+10

10+10

12+12

10+10

10+10

11+11

11+11

10+10

11+11

Setae number

9+9

8+8

8+8

10+10

8+8

8+8

9+9

8+8

8+8

9+9

Abd. I–III

2 4+4 4+4

14 (15) +14

5+5

5+5

4+4

5+5

5+5

5+5

4+4

5+5

Perilabial area

9+9

9+9

9+9

9+9

9+9

12+12

9+9

11+11

9+9

Abd. IV

Table 1. Some diagnostic characters of Ukrainian Pseudachorutes species

VT 3+3

4+4

4+4

4+4

4+4

4+4

4+4

4+4

3+3

4+4

Abds. II 3+3

4+4

4+4

5+5

4+4

4+4

4+4

4+4

3+3

5–6+ 5–6

Abds. III 6–7+6–7

6–7+6–7

+/+

–/ –

+/–

+/–

9–10+ 9–10 6–7+6–7

+/–

+/–

+/–

+/–

–/+

+/–

a2 / p2 setae on Abd. V 5–7+5–7

6–7+6–7

8–9+8–9

7+7

6–7+6–7

6–7+6–8

Setae number on tibiotarsi I, II, III ( A1 setae) 18,18,17 (acuminate)

19,19,18 (acuminate)






19,19,18 (blunt)


19,19,18 (clavate)

TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

KAPRUS’ & WEINER


In the descriptions we used the morphological nomenclature as follows: Jordana et al. (1997) for the dorsal chaetotaxy of the body, Massoud (1967) for the labial chaetotaxy, Lawrence (1977) and Deharveng (1983) for the tibiotarsal chaetotaxy, and Hüther (1962) for the classification of anal valves setae. The specimens examined are deposited in the collections of State Natural History Museum, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences in L’viv (SNHMU) and Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków (ISEA). Abbreviations: Abd.––abdominal tergum, Abds.––abdominal sternum, Ant.––antennal segment, Th.––thoracic tergum, PAO––postantennal sense organ, VT––ventral tube.

Taxonomy Pseudachorutes scythicus sp. nov. Figs 1–10, 80 Description. Body length without antennae 1.15–1.40 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluishblack. Tegumental granulation strong. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 20 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of two small, globular internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum longer 1.15 times than dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about fifty ordinary setae and 6 distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle trilobed (Figs 2–3). PAO round with 10–12 vesicles, 1.5–2.0 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 5). 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone short. Mandible with three teeth, inner tooth situated subapically. Styliform maxilla with three lamellae, one of them with tiny apical hook (Fig. 7). Labral formula: 4/2,3,3,4 (Fig. 80). Labium without organites x and papillate setae L, with 12+12 ordinary setae (Fig. 4). Perilabial area with 5+5 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 1 with mesochaetae and with longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1 and with setae a0. Th. I with 4+4 setae. Th. II with 13+13 setae (a2, a5 and m4 setae present) and Th. III with 12+12 setae (a2 setae absent and a5, m4 setae present). Abd. I–III with 10+10 setae (m3 and m4 setae present, a3 setae absent) and Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p5. Abd. V with a2 setae present and p2 setae absent, s = p3. Thoracic sterna without setae. Chaetotaxy of abdominal sterna as in Fig. 10. VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 5+5 setae, Abds. III with 9–10+9–10 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 9). Mucro slightly hooked with broad and long lateral lamella. Manubrium with 15+15 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr. Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 8). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 7 and 8 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with strong inner tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 8). Empodial appendage absent. Type material. Holotype: male (on slide), Ukraine, Kherson district, Chornomors’ky Biosphere Reserve, “Jahorlyc’ky kut” part, steppe plant community, soil, 2.V.2006, leg. I. Kaprus’. Paratypes: 3 males and 1 female (on slides), the same data as holotype. The material is preserved in the following collections: holotype, 3 paratypes (2 males and 1 female) in SNHMU, one paratype (male) in ISEA. Other material. 1 male and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, Kamiani Mohyly Reserve, steppe plant community, soil, 28.IV.1998 and 23.X.1993, leg. O. Starostenko; 1 juvenile, Ukraine, Mykolaiv district, Jelanetsky Step Reserve, steppe plant community, soil, 26.V.1998, leg. V. Rizun; 1 juvenile, Ukraine, GENUS PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA) OF UKRAINE

Zootaxa 2166 © 2009 Magnolia Press ·

3


Dnipropetrovs’k district, near Novomoskovs’k town, steppe with Stippa sp., soil, 18.VI.1985, leg. O. Makarova. Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the ancient Scythia state which existed on the territory of South Ukraine.

FIGURES 1–10. Pseudachorutes scythicus sp. nov. 1, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 2, Ant. III and IV dorsally; 3, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 4, labial chaetotaxy; 5, PAO and eyes; 6, mandible; 7, maxilla; 8, distal part of leg III; 9, furca; 10, chaetotaxy of Abds. I–VI.

4


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


Biology. The species has been collected only in xerophytic habitats. It is probably connected with steppe communities of southeastern Europe. Bisexual. Discussion. The new species is related to Pseudachorutes sibiricus Rusek, 1991 and Pseudachorutes plurichaetosus Arbea & Jordana, 1991. These three species have the same number of setae on Th. I (4+4 setae) and on dens (6 setae), the same type of apical bulb (trilobed), mucro (with long and broad lateral lamella) and claw (with strong inner teeth and without lateral ones). The chaetotaxy of P. scythicus sp. nov. and P. sibiricus is similar, but variable in P. sibiricus (A. Babenko pers. comm.). These two species differ in the number of postantennal vesicles (10–12 in P. scythicus and 19 in P. sibiricus), in the shape of mandible (with subapical tooth in the new species and without this tooth in P. sibiricus). In P. scythicus Ant. IV has short and thick sensilla (6), whereas P. sibiricus has long, slim ones (also 6). In the other hand they occupy different habitats. Pseudachorutes sibiricus is known from moist habitats in taiga forest with mosses,. On the contrary, P. scythicus lives in soil of the dry steppe plant communities. Pseudachorutes plurichaetosus differs from these two species by the absence of a0 setae on head, a5 and m4 setae on Th. II and III, m4 setae on Abd. I-III and by the chaetotaxy of plurochaetotic type on Abd. IV and V. It has labium with 1+1 small organites x between A, B, C and D setae. This morphological structure is absent in P. sibiricus and P. scythicus.

Pseudachorutes vitalii sp. nov. Figs 11–21, 84 Description. Body length without antennae 1.70–2.10 mm. Colour bluish-grey (on slides), ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation coarse, dense and uniform. Antennae approximately as long as the head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae and Ant. III with 20 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of two small, oval sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum as long as dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about 40 ordinary setae, 9–10 modified setae in ventro-apical part and 6 distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle trilobed (Figs 12–13). PAO oval with 17–22 vesicles, 1.5–1.9 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 15). 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone short. Mandible fork-like, styliform maxilla with two lamellae, one of them with tiny apical hook (Figs 16, 17). Labral formula: 4/2,3,4 (Fig. 84). Labium with 12+12 ordinary setae, no apical organite x, but an internal stylet visible near apex (Fig. 14). Perilabial area with 4+4 subequal setae. The central granulated area on head between d3–d5 setae as in Fig. 19. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 11 with short setae and with longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1 and without seta a0. Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II and III with 10+10 setae (a2, a5 and m4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 9+9 setae (m4 setae present and a3 seta absent), Abd. IV with 14–15+14 setae (a2, a4, m4, m5 and m6 setae present), seta s = seta p5. Abd. V with a2 and p2 setae and s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 3+3 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 21. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 3+3 setae, Abds. III with 6–7+6–7 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 20). Mucro boat-shaped, with curved ventral edge and one broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 12+12 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr (Fig. 21). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 setae, respectively, setae M and B7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 18). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 6 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with a strong tooth near middle of inner edge and a pair of strong lateral teeth in basal part (Fig. 18). Empodial appendage absent. Type material. Holotype: female (on slide), Ukraine, Crimea, near Jalta town, beech forest, 1000 m alt., leaf litter, 15.VII.2007, leg. A. Chaustov. Paratypes: 2 males and 2 females (on slides), the same data as GENUS PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA) OF UKRAINE


5


holotype; 2 females (on slide), Ukraine, Crimea, near Jalta town, Jaltynsky Reserve, pine forest, 1200 m alt., soil and litter, 11.IX.1997, leg. I. Kaprus’. The material is preserved in the following collections: holotype, 4 paratypes (1 male and 3 females) in SNHMU; 2 paratypes (1 male and 1 female) in ISEA.

FIGURES 11–21. Pseudachorutes vitalii sp. nov. 11, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 12, Ant. III and IV dorsally; 13, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 14, labial chaetotaxy; 15, PAO and eyes; 16, mandible; 17, maxilla; 18, distal part of leg III; 19, central area of head between d3 and d5 setae; 20, furca; 21, chaetotaxy of Abds. II–VI.

6


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


Other material examined. 1 male (on slide), Ukraine, Crimea, near Planers’ke village, Koktebel’ Mt., biological station, garden, leaf litter, 24.VII.1994, leg. M. Potapov; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Crimea, near Shchebetovka village, Spliacha Krasunia ridge, beech and oak forest, leaf litter, 27.VI.1994, leg. M. Potapov; 1 male and 8 juveniles (on slides), Ukraine, Crimea, Karadag Reservation, beech and oak forest, leaf litter, 26.VI.1994, leg. M. Potapov. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Vitalyj I. Kaprus’, senior son of one of authors. Biology. Pseudachorutes vitalii sp. nov. has been collected in mountain forest of Crimea Peninsula. Bisexual. Discussion. The same type of chaetotaxy of head, Ant. IV, Th. II–III, labrum, labium, abdominal sternites, VT, tibiotarsi and furca, the shape of maxillae and mandibles, the presence of lateral teeth on claws indicate a close relationship between P. vitalii sp. nov. and P. dubius Krausbauer, 1898 (see Table 1). These species differ distinctly in number of setae on Th. I and chaetotaxy of Abd. I–V (setae a6 on Abd. I–III, setae a3, a4, m5 on Abd. IV and setae a2 on Abd. V present in P. vitalii, these setae absent in P. dubius).

Pseudachorutes vasylii sp. nov. Figs 22–31, 83 Pseudachorutes laricis Arbea & Jordana, 1989 in: Kaprus’ et al. 2006

Description. Body length without antennae 0.50–0.65 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluishblack. Tegumental granulation fine. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 19 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of two small, globular internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum is 1.25 times as long as dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about fifty ordinary setae and six distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle simple or slightly bilobated (Figs 23–24). PAO round with 4–6 vesicles, 1.2–1.7 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 28). 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone elongated. Mandible with four teeth (medial tooth small, subapical tooth bigger than medial one) (Fig. 25). Styliform maxilla with two lamellae; one of them with two small teeth, another one with tiny apical hook (Fig. 26). Labral formula: 2/3,3,4 (Fig. 83). Labium with 2+2 small organites x and small papillate seta L, with 12+12 ordinary setae (Fig. 27). Perilabial area with 4+4 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 22, with mesosetae and longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1, without a0 seta. Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II and III with 10+10 setae (a2, a5 and m4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 8+8 setae (m-row and a3 setae absent) and Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p5. Abd. V without a2 and p2 setae, seta s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 31. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4+4 setae, Abds. III with 6–7+6–7 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 30). Mucro slightly hooked with broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 12+12 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr (Fig. 31). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 29). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 7 and 8 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with small inner tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 29). Empodial appendage absent. Type material. Holotype: male (on slide), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Karpats’ky National Park, near Vorochta village, Chornohora ridge, Pozhyzhevska Mt., 1500 m alt., Duschekia viridis and Pinus mugo

GENUS PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA) OF UKRAINE


7


crooked forest , leaf litter, 27.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’. Paratypes: 13 males and 12 females (on slides), the same data as holotype. The material is preserved in the following collections: holotype, 19 paratypes (10 males and 9 females) in SNHMU, 8 paratypes (5 males and 3 females) in ISEA.

FIGURES 22–31. Pseudachorutes vasylii sp. nov. 22, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 23, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 24, Ant. III and IV dorsally; 25, mandible; 26, maxilla; 27, labial chaetotaxy; 28, PAO and eyes; 29, distal part of leg III; 30, furca; 31, chaetotaxy of Abds. I–VI.

Other material. 2 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Chernivtsi district, near Perkalab village, Chyvchyny ridge, Gnatasia Mt., 1500 m alt., Picea abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 14.VIII.1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 4 males and 4 females (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, near Mykulychyn village, Gorgany ridge, 900 m alt., Fagus and Abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 25.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 18 males

8


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


and 15 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 1000 m alt, crooked Fagus forest, leaf litter and soil, 24.V.1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 males (on slide), Ukraine, Zakarpattia district, near Vynogradove town, Chorna Mt., Fagus forest, leaf litter and soil, 5.IV.1989, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 male and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Zakarpattia district, near Rakchiv town, Marmarosh ridge, Pip Ivan Mt., Picea forest, leaf litter and soil, 26.VIII.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Vasyl I. Kaprus’, younger son of one of authors. Biology. The species is connected with humid soil, litter and moss of Carpathians forests. Bisexual. Discussion. The new species is related to Pseudachorutes laricis Arbea & Jordana, 1989. Both species have the same type of dorsal chaetotaxy: with 3+3 setae on Th. I, without seta a2 on Th. II and Abd. V, the same type of apical bulb (simple or slightly bilobated), mucro (with long and broad lateral lamella). They differ in the labral formula: 2/3,3,4 in P. vasylii sp. nov. and 2/2,3,3,4 in P. laricis (R. Jordana pers. comm.), in the number of postantennal vesicles (4–6 in the new species and 7–9 in P. laricis) and the presence of small tooth on the inner edge of claw in the new species (absent in P. laricis). The labium in P. vasylii has additional morphological structures: 2+2 small organites x and small papillate setae L which are absent in P. laricis.

Pseudachorutes janstachi sp. nov. Figs 32–41, 81 Description. Body length without antennae 0.65-0.70 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluishblack. Tegumental granulation fine. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 19 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of two small, slightly bent internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum is 1.2 times as long as dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about fifty ordinary setae and six distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle simple or slightly bilobated (Figs 33–34). PAO round, with 7 vesicles, 1.8 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 38). 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone short. Mandible with three teeth, tooth in the angle of mandible small (Fig. 36). Styliform maxilla with two lamellae, one of them hooked (Fig. 37). Labral formula: 2/2,3,4 (Fig. 81). Labium with 2+2 organites x and papillate setae L, with 12+12 ordinary setae (Fig. 35). Perilabial area with 5+5 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 32, with mesosetae and longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Some setae on abdominal tergites IV–VI slightly thickened. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1, without a0 setae. Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II with 12+12 setae (a2 and a5 setae present, m4 absent) and Th. III with 11+11 setae (a2 and m4 setae absent, a5 setae present). Abd. I–III with 8+8 setae (m-row and a3 setae absent) and Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p5. Abd. V with a2 and without p2 setae, seta s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 41. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4+4 setae, Abds. III with 7+7 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 40). Mucro hooked with broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 13+13 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr (Fig. 41). Tibiotarsi with one blunt tenent hair (A1 seta). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, B7 seta absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 39). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3–4, 7 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with inner tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 39). Empodial appendage absent. Type material. Holotype: female (on slide), Ukraine, Donets’k district, Velyko-Anadyrsky lis, oak forest, leaf litter, 7.V.2001, leg. N. Sandul. Paratype: female (on slide), the same data as holotype. The material is preserved in SNHMU. GENUS PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA) OF UKRAINE


9


FIGURES 32–41. Pseudachorutes janstachi sp. nov. 32, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 33, Ant. III and IV dorsally; 34, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 35, labial chaetotaxy; 36, mandible; 37, maxilla; 38, PAO and eyes; 39, distal part of leg III; 40, furca; 41, chaetotaxy of Abds. I–VI.

Etymology. The new species is dedicated respectfully to Professor Jan Stach, in his 130 anniversary of birthday. Biology. Pseudachorutes janstachi sp. nov. has been collected only in leaf litter of oak forest. Only females are known. Discussion. Pseudachorutes janstachi sp. nov. is related to P. parvulus Börner, 1901 and P. corticicolus Schäffer, 1896 (see Table 1). All species have the same type of mucro (hooked with long and broad lamella) and claw (with inner teeth and without lateral ones), the same number of setae on Th. I and on dens, seta a2

10


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


present on Th. II and small number of vesicles in the PAO. They differ distinctly in the labral formula and the shape of tenent hair. Besides, P. janstachi and P. parvulus possess the 2+2 small organites x and papilate seta s on the labium, while P. coriticicolus lacks these structures. These three species differ also in the shape of mandible. In P. janstachi mandible has three teeth, the tooth in the angle of mandible small. The mandible in P. parvulus has four teeth: the subapical tooth is quite large and the tooth in the angle of mandible is minute, whereas P. corticicolus has also four teeth, but both inner teeth are large. The new species and P. corticicolus have setae m5 on the terga of Th. II and III, while in P. parvulus this seta is absent. Setae m4 are absent on the Abd. I–III in the new species and in P. parvulus; P. corticicolus has these setae.

Pseudachorutes palmiensis Börner, 1903 Figs 42–51, 82 Redescription. Body length without antennae 1.40–1.95 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation fine. Antennae approximately as long as the head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 13 setae and Ant. III with 23–24 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of two small, strongly bent internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum as long as dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about forty five ordinary setae, 40–45 modified setae in ventral part and 6 distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle divided on three lobes (Figs 43–44). PAO oval, with 15–20 vesicles, 1.7–2.0 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 46). 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone short. Mandible with five teeth, styliform maxilla with two lamellae (one of them has 2 denticles, another 3 denticles) (Fig. 47–48). Labral formula: 4/3,3,4 (Fig. 82). Labium with 2+2 organites x and papillate setae L, with 12+12 ordinary setae (Fig. 45). Perilabial area with 5+5 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 42, with mesosetae and long sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/ 11111. On Th. II, III and Abd. I-IV ratio s/a1 = 4.1–4.4, on Abd. V ratio s/a1 = 5.2. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with paired seta d1 (rarely with unpaired d1 seta) and without a0 seta. Th. I with 4+4 setae. Th. II and III with 11+11 setae (a2 setae present and a5, m4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 9+9 setae (a3 setae present and m4 setae absent), Abd. IV with 12+12 setae (a2, a4, m1 setae present), seta s = p5. Abd. V with a2 and without p2 setae, seta s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 51. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4+4 setae, Abds. III with 8–9+8–9 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 50b). Mucro straight with narrow and long lamella (Figs 50a, b). Manubrium with 12+12 posterior setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with three setae hr (Fig. 51). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 49). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 7 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 3 and 3 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with inner tooth and with lateral teeth (Fig. 49). Empodial appendage absent. Material examined. 3 females, 2 males (subadults) and 4 juveniles (on slides), Ukraine, IvanoFrankivs’k district, near Mykulychyn village, Gorgany ridge, 600 m alt., Fagus and Abies forest, moss, 25.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female and 3 juveniles (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Gorgany Reservation, Gorgany ridge, 700 m alt., Fagus forest, leaf litter, 2.VIII.2008, leg. J. Shrubovych; 3 juveniles (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 600 m alt., Picea forest, leaf litter, 22.V.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 juveniles (on slide), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Mykolaiv town, Quercus floodplain forest , leaf litter, 29.IV.2002, leg. I. Kaprus’. Stach’s collection: one specimen (in alcohol), GENUS PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA) OF UKRAINE


11


Ukraine, “Truskawiec, Pomiarki, in mouldy timber lying in the forest on the ground, 10.VIII.1928, leg. Fudakowski”, det. by Stach as P. conjugens. Biology. Pseudachorutes palmiensis is connected only with humid soil, litter and moss of Carpathian forests and adjoining territories. Bisexual.

FIGURES 42–51. Pseudachorutes palmiensis Börner, 1903. 42, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 43, Ant. III and IV dorsally; 44, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 45, labial chaetotaxy; 46, PAO and eyes; 47, maxilla; 48, mandible; 49, distal part of leg III; 50a, mucro; 50b, dens and mucro; 51, chaetotaxy of Abds. I–VI.

12


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


Remarks. Modern morphological description of P. palmiensis from Spain was published by Jordana et al. (1997). Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens are identical to this description (J. Arbea pers. comm.). Among Ukrainian Pseudachorutes species P. palmiensis, P. dubius Krausbauer, 1898 and P. scythicus sp. nov. have 4+4 setae on Th. I. Only P. palmiensis possess m1 setae and 6 setae in a-row on Abd. IV (four a setae in P. dubius and P. scythicus), 2+2 organites x and papillate setae L on labium (these morphological structures are absent in P. dubius and P. scythicus) (Table 1). The three species differ in shape of mucro, maxilla and mandible also (see descriptions of P. dubius and P. scythicus below).

Pseudachorutes parvulus Börner, 1901 Figs 52, 54a, b, c, 56, 61a, b, 62, 77 Redescription. Body length without antennae 0.45–1.30 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation fine, dense and uniform. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 18–19 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of: two small, globular internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum longer 1.15 times than dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about fifty ordinary setae and six distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle simple, slightly or strongly trilobed (Figs 56, 54a, b, c). PAO with 6–9 vesicles, 1.3–1.8 times larger than ocellus B. 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone elongated. Mandible with four teeth (medial tooth small, subapical tooth bigger than medial one), styliform maxilla with two lamellae, one of them hooked (Figs 61a, b, 62). Labral formula: 2/2,3,3,4 (Fig. 77). Labium with 2+2 small organites x and small papillate seta L, with 12+12 ordinary setae (as in Fig. 27). Perilabial area with 5+5 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 52, with mesosetae and longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1 and without a0 seta. Chaetae sd2 on the head level with or somewhat posterior to d2 chaetae. Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II with 11+11 setae (setae a2 present and a5, m4 absent) and Th. III with 10+10 setae (setae a2, a5 and m4 absent). Abd. I–III with 8+8 setae (m- row and a3 setae absent), Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p5. Abd. V with a2 and without p2 setae, seta s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4+4 setae, Abds. III with 6–7+6–7 setae. Dens with six setae. Mucro slightly hooked with broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 13+13 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr. Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III. Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 5-6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 6–7 and 7–8 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with small inner tooth and without lateral teeth. Empodial appendage absent. Material examined. 3 females, 2 males (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Karpats’ky National Park, near Vorochta village, Chornohora ridge, Pozhyzhevska Mt., 1500 m alt., Duschekia viridis and Pinus mugo crooked forest, leaf litter, 27.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, near Mykulychyn village, Gorgany ridge, 900 m alt., Fagus and Abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 25.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 8 males and 10 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 1000 m alt., Fagus crooked forest, leaf litter and soil, 24.V.1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 male and 3 females (on slides), Ukraine, Chernivtsi district, near Perkalab village, Chyvchyny ridge, Gnatasia Mt., 1500 m alt., Picea abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 14.VIII.1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 3 males and 5 females (on slides), Ukraine, Zakarpattya district, near Mukacheve town, Quercus forest, leaf litter, 18.IV.2005, leg. J. Tsalan; 4 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district,



13


FIGURES 52–64. Pseudachorutes parvulus Börner, 1901. 52, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 54a, apical vesicle simple; 54b, apical vesicle slightly trilobed; 54c, apical vesicle strongly trilobed; 56, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 61a,b, variants of mandibles; 62, maxilla; Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg, 1871. 53, chaetotaxy of interocular area; 59, mandible; 60, Ant. III and IV ventrally; Pseudachorutes corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896). 55, right part of labium; 57, mandible; 58, maxilla; 63, distal part of leg III; 64, chaetotaxy of Abd. V and VI.

Acer forest, leaf litter and soil, 27.X.1999, leg. I. Kaprus’; 5 males and 3 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Ivano-Frankove village, Roztochchya Hills, Fagus-Pinus forest, leaf litter and soil, 27.X.1999,

14


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


near Mykolaiv town, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 male and 1 female (on slides), Ukraine, Volyn’ district, near Volodymyr-Volyn’s’k town, Carpinus-Quercus forest, leaf litter and soil, 25.VII.2004, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 males and 3 females (on slides), Ukraine, Zhytomyr town, Pinus-Quercus forest, leaf litter and soil, 5.II.2008, leg. I. Kaprus’; 8 males and 10 females (on slides), Ukraine, Kchmelnytsk district, Stara Ushycia village, xerothermic meadow, soil, 30.V.1997, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, near Chernivtsi town, nests of birds, 16.V.2006, leg. V. Meleshchuk; 1 male and 1 female (on slides), Ukraine, Kirovograd district, Golovanivsk village, Quercus forest, leaf litter and soil, 30.V.1997, leg. I. Kaprus’; 5 males and 8 females (on slides), Ukraine, Crimea, near Jalta town, Martyan Reserve, Pinus-Quercus forest, 1200m alt., soil and leaf litter, 12.IX.1997, leg. I. Kaprus’; 4 males and 6 females (on slides), Ukraine, Crimea, near Shchebetovka village, Karadag Reserve, Fagus-Quercus forest, 700m alt., soil and leaf litter, 27.VI.1994, leg. M. Potapov. Biology. Pseudachorutes parvulus has been collected in the forest litter, mosses, lichens and under bark. Bisexual corticole species. Remarks. Recent morphological descriptions of P. parvulus were published by Jordana et al. (1997) and Fjellberg (1998). Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens fit these descriptions. Pseudachorutes parvulus resembles Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg, 1871, but differs in shape of mandible, in number of prelabral setae, in detail of chaetotaxy on Ant. IV and interocular area and also ratio PAO/ocellus B (see descriptions of P. parvulus and P. subcrassus).

Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg, 1871 Figs 53, 59, 60, 78 Redescription. Body length without antennae 0.95–1.90 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation coarse, dense and uniform. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 18–20 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of: two small, slightly bent internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum longer 1.30 times than dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about forty ordinary setae, 15–18 modified setae in ventro-apical part and six distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle always trilobed (Figs 54c, 60). PAO with 9–12 vesicles, as long as 0.9–1.0 times ocellus B. Eyes 8+8. Buccal cone elongated. Mandible with four teeth (two inner teeth are equal approximately) (Fig. 59), styliform maxilla with two lamellae; one of them hooked. Labral formula: 4/2,3,3,4 (Fig. 78). Labium with 2+2 organites x and papillate seta L, with 12+12 ordinary setae. Perilabial area with 5+5 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy with mesosetae and longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Body setae slightly thickened and serrated towards tip of abdomen. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1 and without a0 seta. Chaetae sd3 on the head level with or somewhat anterior to d2 chaetae (Fig. 53). Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II with 11+11 setae (setae a2 present and a5, m4 absent) and Th. III with 10+10 setae (setae a2, a5 and m4 absent). Abd. I–III with 8+8 setae (m-row and a3 setae absent), Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p5. Abd. V with a2 and without p2 setae, seta s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4+4 setae, Abds. III with 6–7+6–7 setae. Dens with six setae. Mucro slightly hooked with broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 12–13+12–13 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr. Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III. Femora I, II and III with 12–13, 11–12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 7 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with small inner tooth and without lateral teeth. Empodial appendage absent.



15


Material examined. 4 females, 2 males (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Karpats’ky National Park, near Vorochta village, Chornohora ridge, Pozhyzhevska Mt., 1600–1800 m alt., Picea forest and Pinus mugo crooked forest, leaf litter, 27.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 females, male and juveniles (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, near Mykulychyn village, Gorgany ridge, 700 m alt., Pinus relict forest, leaf litter and moss, 26.III.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 3 males and 15 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 1000 m alt., Fagus and Abies forest, leaf litter and soil, 8.XI.1989, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 males and 4 females (on slides), Ukraine, Chernivtsi district, near Perkalab village, Chyvchyny ridge, Chyvchyn Mt., 1200 m alt., Picea abies forest, leaf litter and moss, 14.VIII.1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 3 males and 4 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Mykolaiv town, Populus forest, leaf litter and soil, 27.X.1999, leg. I. Kaprus’; 3 males and 7 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Ivano-Frankove village, Roztochchya Hills, Fagus forest, leaf litter and moss, 28.VIII.1988, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Volyn’ district, near Bils’ka Volya village, Bile Lake, Pinus forest, leaf litter and soil, 25.VII.2004, leg. I. Kaprus’. Biology. Pseudachorutes subcrassus has has been collected in the forest litter and mosses. Bisexual forest species. Remarks. Pseudachorutes subcrassus belongs to the species group of Pseudachorutes with 2+2 organites x and papillate seta L on labium, with 12 setae on labrum (labral formula: 4/2,3,3,4), with unpaired seta d1 on the head and with 11+11 setae on Th. II (a2 setae present, a5 setae absent). Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens of P. subcrassus fit the recent descriptions of this species from Spain and Fennoscandia which were published by Jordana et al. (1997) and Fjellberg (1998). This species similar to Pseudachorutes parvulus Börner, 1901, but is readily identified by presence of modified setae in ventro-apical part of Ant. IV, the shape of mandible and four prelabral setae (see descriptions of P. parvulus and P. subcrassus).

Pseudachorutes corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896) Figs 55, 57, 58, 63, 64, 76 Redescription. Body length without antennae 0.65–1.30 mm. Colour in alcohol bluish-grey, ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation fine, uniform. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 19 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of: two small, slightly bent internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum longer 1.2–1.3 times than dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about fifty ordinary setae, 8-9 modified setae in ventro-apical part and six distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle trilobed. PAO round with 6–9 vesicles, 1.6–1.9 times larger than ocellus B. Eyes 8+8. Buccal cone elongated. Mandible with four teeth (tooth in the angle of mandible large, subapical tooth smaller than medial one) (Fig. 57). Styliform maxilla with two hooked lamellae (Fig. 58). Labral formula: 4/2,3,4 (Fig. 76). Labium without organites x and papillate setae L, with 12+12 ordinary setae (Fig. 55). Perilabial area with 5+5 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy with short, acuminate or blunt setae on Abd. IV–VI and longer sensory setae s (Fig. 64). Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1 and without a0 seta. Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II with 12+12 setae (a2 and a5 setae present, m4 setae absent) and Th. III with 11+11 setae (a2 and m4 setae absent, a5 setae present). Abd. I–III with 9+9 setae (m4 setae present and a3 setae absent), Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = p5. Abd. V with a2 and without p2 setae, seta s = p3. Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 5–6+5–6 setae, Abds. III with 6–7+6–8 setae. Dens with six setae. Mucro hooked with broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 15+15 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr.

16


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


Tibiotarsi with one clavate tenent hair (A1 seta) (Fig. 63). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III. Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 8 and 8 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 3 and 3 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with inner tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 63). Empodial appendage absent. Material examined. 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Gorgany ridge, near Bystrycia village, Fagetum forest, leaf litter, 13.I.1998, leg. R. Godun’ko; male (on slide), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 700 m alt., Fagus forest, moss on a tree, 18.V.1990, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, near Odesa town, xerothermic meadow, soil, 15.V.2008, leg. A. Susulovsky; 2 females (on slide), Ukraine, Zakarpattya district, near Uzhhorod town, Quercus and Carpinus forest, leaf litter, 15.X.2007, leg. K. Goblyk; male and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Ivano-Frankove village, Roztochchya Reservation, Fagetum forest, under the bark, 6.V.1993, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 females (on slide), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Zolochiv town, Hologory Hills, Pinus forest, moss, 7.XII.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’. Biology. Pseudachorutes corticicolus lives in the forest habitats and xerothermic meadows. Bisexual corticolous species. Remarks. Pseudachorutes corticicolus belongs to the species group of Pseudachorutes without organites x and papillate seta L on labium, with one clavate tenent hair on tibiotarsi, with unpaired seta d1 on the head, and with 12+12 setae on Th. II (a2 and a5 setae present). Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens of this species fit the recent description of this species from Fennoscandia and Denmark which was published by Fjellberg (1998). Pseudachorutes corticicolus is closest to Pseudachorutes columbicus Rusek, 1991 from Canada and Pseudachorutes janstachi sp. nov. It differ from P. columbicus in the absence a0 seta on head and the presence 3+3 setae on Th. I (a0 present, 4+4 setae in P. columbicus), in the presence 9 setae on labrum (10 setae in P. columbicus) and shape of mandible (with four teeth in P. corticicolus and three teeth in P. columbicus). Differences between P. corticicolus and P. janstachi are given above. Specimens of P. corticicolus described by Jordana et al. (1997) from Spain belong to another species, maybe new to science. It differ from Ukrainian and Scandinavian material by the absence of a5 setae on Th. V, m4 setae on Abd. I–III and a2 setae on Abd. V and by the presence of lateral teeth on the claw.

Pseudachorutes dubius Krausbauer, 1898 Redescription. Body length without antennae 1.50–2.85 mm. Colour dark bluish-grey (on slide), ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation coarse, dense and uniform. Antennae are long as the head approximately. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 11 setae and Ant. III with 19 ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of: two small, oval sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum as long as dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about forty five ordinary setae, 9–10 modified setae in ventro-apical part and 6 thin subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum and subapical organite present; apical vesicle divided on three lobes. PAO oval with 14–20 vesicles, 1.35–1.60 times larger than ocellus B. Eyes 8+8. Buccal cone short. Mandible fork-like, with two small teeth near apex. Styliform maxilla with two lamellae, one of them with tiny apical hook. Labral formula: 4/2,3,4. Labium with 12+12 ordinary setae, no apical organite x, but an internal stylet visible near apex. Perilabial area with 4+4 subequal setae. Dorsal chaetotaxy with short setae and with longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/ 11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with unpaired seta d1 and without a0 seta. Th. I with 4+4 setae. Th. II and III with 10+10 setae (a2, a5 and m4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 8+8 setae (a6, a3 setae absent and m4 setae present), Abd. IV with 11+11 setae (m4, m6 setae present), seta s = seta p5. Abd. V without a2 and with p2 setae, seta s = p3. GENUS PSEUDACHORUTES (COLLEMBOLA) OF UKRAINE


17


Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 3+3 setae, Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 3+3 setae, Abds. III with 6–7+6–7 setae. Dens with six setae. Mucro boat-shaped, with curved ventral edge and broad lateral lamella. Manubrium with 12–13+12-13 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr. Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 setae, respectively, setae M and B7 absent on tibiotarsus III. Femora I, II and III with 12, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 6 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with a strong tooth near middle of inner edge and a pair of strong lateral teeth in basal part. Empodial appendage absent. Material examined. 2 females and 7 juveniles (on slides), Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivs’k district, Karpats’ky National Park, near Vorochta village, Chornohora ridge, Pozhyzhevska Mt., 1750 m alt., Duschekia viridis and Pinus mugo crooked forest, moss, 20.VIII.1993, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, IvanoFrankivs’k district, near Mykulychyn village, Gorgany ridge, 700 m alt., Fagus and Abies forest, moss, 25.VI.1991, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Skole town, Skolivs’ki Beskydy ridge, 500 m alt., Fagus forest, leaf litter and soil, 7.IX.2004, leg. V. Javornytsky; 1 male and 3 females (on slides), Ukraine, Chernivtsi district, near Perkalab village, Chyvchyny ridge, Chyvchyn Mt., 1000 m alt., Alnus forest, leaf litter, 2.VIII.1992, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Zakarpattya district, near Julivtsi village, Julivs’ky Hills, Quercus and Carpinus forest, leaf litter , 6.IV.1989, leg. I. Kaprus’; 2 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Mykolaiv town, Quercus forest, leaf litter and soil, 7.X.1999, leg. I. Kaprus’; male and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, L’viv district, near Javoriv town, Roztochchya Hills, Pinus forest, leaf litter and soil, 7.VIII.2003, leg. V. Javornytsky; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Volyn’ district, near Shats’k town, Pinus forest, leaf litter, 7.XII.1977, leg. V. Melamud; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Zhytomyr town, Pinus-Quercus forest, leaf litter and soil, 5.II.2008, leg. I. Kaprus’; male (on slide), Ukraine, Ternopil’ district, Grymajliv village, Medobory Reservation, Carpinus forest, soil, 20.VI.1994, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Donetsk district, near Bohorodychne village, Quercus forest, 2.VIII.1997, leg. I. Bondarenko. Biology. Pseudachorutes dubius has been collected in the forest habitats of Ukraine, besides the Crimean Peninsula. Bisexual forest species. Remarks. A recent morphological description of P. dubius was published by Fjellberg (1998) using material from Fennoscandia and Denmark. Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens fit this description. Pseudachorutes dubius is related to Pseudachorutes vitalii sp.nov. Differences between the two species are given in Table 1.

Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973 Figs 65–75, 79 Redescription. Body length without antennae 0.70–1.70 mm. Colour bluish-grey (on slides), ocular plate bluish-black. Tegumental granulation strong. Antennae shorter than head. Ant. I with 7 setae, Ant. II with 12 setae and Ant. III with 18 (rarely 19) ordinary setae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ of Ant. III consisting of: two small, globular internal sensilla, two subcylindrical guard sensilla (ventral sensillum longer 1.3 times than dorsal one) and two guard setae between them; ventral microsensillum present. Ant. IV with about forty ordinary setae and 6 distinct subcylindrical sensilla; dorsoexternal microsensillum present and subapical organite present; apical vesicle slightly divided on three lobes (Figs 66–67). PAO with 6–9 vesicles, 1.4–1.8 times larger than ocellus B (Fig. 68). 8+8 eyes. Buccal cone short. Mandible with two teeth, styliform maxilla with three lamellae; one of them hooked (Figs 71–72). Labral formula: 4/2,3,4 (Fig. 79). Labium with 2+2 small organites x, without papillate setae L and with 11+11 ordinary setae (A, C, D, F, E, G, f, e, d, b, a present; B absent) (Fig. 69). Perilabial area with 4+4 subequal setae.

18


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


FIGURES 65–75. Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973. 65, dorsal chaetotaxy of body; 66, Ant. III and IV dorsally; 67, Ant. III and IV ventrally; 68, PAO and eyes; 69, labial chaetotaxy; 70, distal part of leg III; 71, mandible; 72, maxilla; 73, furca; 74, male genital plate; 75, chaetotaxy of Abds. I–VI.



19


FIGURES 76–84. Shape and chaetotaxy of labrum: 76, Pseudachorutes corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896); 77, Pseudachorutes parvulus Börner, 1901; 78, Pseudachorutes subcrassus Tullberg, 1871; 79, Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973; 80, Pseudachorutes scythicus sp. nov.; 81, Pseudachorutes janstachi sp. nov.; 82, Pseudachorutes palmiensis Börner, 1903; 83, Pseudachorutes vasylii sp. nov.; 84, Pseudachorutes vitalii sp. nov.

Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 65 with mesosetae and with longer sensory setae s. Formula per half tergum as: 022/11111. Microsensilla on Th. II present. Head with paired setae d1 and without a0. Th. I with 3+3 setae. Th. II and III with 10+10 setae (a2, a5 and m4 setae absent). Abd. I–III with 8+8 setae (m-row setae and a3 setae absent), Abd. IV with 9+9 setae (m-row setae absent), seta s = seta p5. Abd. V with a2 setae, without p2 setae and s = p3.

20


KAPRUS’ & WEINER


Ventral chaetotaxy: thoracic sterna without setae, VT with 4+4 setae, Abds. II–VI as in Fig. 75. Abds. I without setae, Abds. II with 4+4 setae, Abds. III with 5–7+5–7 setae. Dens with six setae (Fig. 73). Mucro slightly hooked with lamella which obtain apex. Manubrium with 12+12 setae. Tenaculum with 3+3 teeth. Each anal valve with two setae hr (Fig. 75). Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 19, 19 and 18 setae, respectively, seta B7 absent on tibiotarsus III (Fig. 70). Femora I, II and III with 13, 12 and 11 setae, trochanters I, II and III with 6, 6 and 6 setae, coxae I, II and III with 3, 6 and 7 setae, subcoxae 2 of legs I, II and III with 0, 2 and 2 setae, subcoxae 1 of legs I, II and III with 1, 2 and 2 setae, respectively. Claw with inner small tooth and without lateral teeth (Fig. 70). Empodial appendage absent. Male genital plate as in Fig. 74. Material examined. 6 males and 5 females (on slides), Ukraine, Kherson district, Chornomorsky Biosphere Reserve, “Solenoozerna” part, halophyte plants near water, soil, 1.V.2006, leg. Ighor Kaprus’; 2 males and 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Kherson district, Chornomorsky Biosphere Reserve, “Volyzhyn lis” part, oak forest near water, leaf litter, 26.IV.2006, leg. Ighor Kaprus’; 1 male and 4 females (on slides), Ukraine, Crimea, near Krasnoperekops’k town, steppe vegetation, soil, 15.IX.1998, leg. I. Kaprus’; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Dnipropetrovs’k district, near Novomoskovs’k, steppe with domination of Stippa sp., soil, 18.VI.1985, leg. O. Makarova; 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, Kamiani Mohyly Reserve, steppe vegetation, soil, 25.VI.1998, leg. O. Starostenko; 5 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, Proval’sky step Reserve, steppe vegetation, soil, 8.V.2000, leg. O. Starostenko; 2 females (on slides), Ukraine, Lugans’k district, Strilets’ky step Reserve, steppe vegetation, soil, 6.IX.1997, leg. O. Starostenko; 5 males and 8 females (on slides), Ukraine, Donets’k district, near Donetsk town, postindustrial area, black mould soil, 9.VII.1985. Coll. N. Kuznetsova; 1 female (on slide), Ukraine, Ternopil’ district, Medobory Reserve, meadow with steppe vegetation, soil, 24.V.1994, leg. I. Kaprus’. Biology. The species has been collected in xerophytic habitats. It is probably restricted to steppe communities of South-East Europe. Bisexual. Remarks. Pseudachorutes pratensis was described by Rusek (1973) on the base of some specimens from the Central Moravia in Czech Republic. Later, Smolis and Twardowski (2006) supplemented description of this species on the base of Polish material. This species is characterized by the paired d1 setae on the head, the absence of setae B on labium and setae a2 on Th. II. Morphological characters of the Ukrainian specimens fit the original description, however there are some differences that extend the range of variability of this species (J. Rusek pers. comm.). Pseudachorutes pratensis is close to P. libanensis (Cassagnau & Delamare, 1955) sensu Ellis 1976 from Lebanon and Crete. These two species have similar type of body chaetotaxy (3+3 setae on Th. I, absence setae a2 on Th. II), the small PAO and furca with 6+6 setae on the dens. P. pratensis differs from P. libanensis in the absence of setae B and papillate setae L on labium, the shape of mandible (two teeth in P. pratensis, three teeth in P. libanensis) and also in the structure of the mucro (typical for the genus in P. pratensis, crooked in P. libanensis).

Key to the Ukrainian Pseudachorutes species 1 2 3 -

Th. I with 4+4 setae ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Th. I with 3+3 setae ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Abd. IV with m1 setae and six setae in a-row, labium with 2+2 organites x and papillate setae L (Figs 42, 45) ......... ............................................................................................... P. palmiensis Börner, 1903 (Carpathians, Ciscarpathia) Abd. IV without m1 setae and with four setae in a-row, labium without organites x and papillate setae L (Figs 1, 4) 3 Th. II with a2 setae, Abd. IV without m-setae and Abd. V without p2 setae, PAO with 10-12 vesicles (Figs 1, 5) ..... .................................. P. scythicus sp. nov. (steppe zone of Donets’k, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Dnipropetrovs’k districts) Th. II without a2 setae, Abd. IV with two m-setae and Abd. V with p2 setae, PAO with 14–20 vesicles..................... ........................................................... P. dubius Krausbauer, 1898 (on whole territory with the exception of Crimea)



21

TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. 4 5 6

7 8

-

9 -

Abd. IV with three m-setae and six a-setae, Abd. V with p2 setae, claw with a strong lateral teeth in basal part (Figs 11, 18) ................................................................................................................................. P. vitalii sp. nov. (Crymea) Abd. IV without m-setae and with four a-setae, Abd. V without p2 setae, claw without lateral teeth ....................... 5 Th. II with five setae in a-row (a5 present), tibiotarsi with one clavate or blunt tenent hair (Figs 32, 39, 63) .......... 6 Th. II without a5 setae, tibiotarsi without such hair (Figs 22, 52, 29) ........................................................................ 7 Abd. I–III with m4 setae, median pair of prelabral setae present, labium without organites x and papillate setae L, tibiotarsi with one distinctly clavate tenent hair (Figs 76, 55, 63) ................................................................................. .........................................................................P. corticicolus (Schäffer, 1896) (west and south-west part of Ukraine) Abd. I–III without m4 setae, median pair of prelabral setae absent, labium with 2+2 organites x and papillate setae L, tibiotarsi with one blunt tenet hair (Figs 32, 81, 35, 39) ............................... P. janstachi sp. nov. (Donets’k Hills) Th. II with a2 setae (Fig. 52) ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Th. II without a2 setae (Fig. 22) .................................................................................................................................. 9 Labral formula: 4/2,3,3,4, mandible with four teeth (two inner teeth are equal approximately), ventro-apical part of Ant. IV with a group of 15-18 modified setae (adult and subadults specimens) (Figs 78, 59, 60) ............................... ..................................................................................................... P. subcrassus Tullberg, 1871 (west part of Ukraine) Labral formula: 2/2,3,3,4, mandible with four teeth (medial tooth small, subapical tooth bigger than medial one), adult specimens without modified setae on Ant. IV (Figs 77, 53, 61a, b)...................................................................... ............................................................................................ P. parvulus Börner, 1901 (on whole territory of Ukraine) Abd. V without a2 setae, d1 setae on head unpaired, labium with B setae (Figs 22, 27) .............................................. .......................................................................................................... P. vasylii sp. nov. (Carpathians, Transcarpathia) Abd. V with a2 setae, d1 setae on head paired, labium without B setae (Figs 65, 69)................................................... ................................................................................... P. pratensis Rusek, 1973 (steppe zone, Podillya Hills, Crimea)

Acknowledgements We are indebted to the following persons for valuable help and detailed information about morphology of some species: J. Rusek (Institute of Soil Biology, eske Budejovice, Czech Republic); R. Jordana (Department of Zoology and Ecology, Navarra University, Spain), J. Arbea (Department of Biology and Geology, I.E.S., Alhama, Spain); Anatoly Babenko (Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia) and Adrian Smolis (Zoological Institute of Wrocław University, Poland). We are most grateful to Maria Bieniek for her effective assistance. The work is supported by the cooperation between Polish and Ukrainian Academies of Sciences.

References Arbea, J.I. & Jordana, R. (1989) The Genus Pseudachorutes (Collembola, Neanuridae) from Navarra (Northern Iberian Peninsula), with description of a new species and a new subspecies. Mitteilungen der Schweitzerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 62, 157–166. Arbea, J.I. & Jordana, R. (1991) Colémbolos de Navarra (Norte de la Península Ibérica). I. Orden Poduromorpha (Collembola). Publicationes de Biologia de la Universidad de Navarra, Serie Zóologica, 22, 1–149. Bellinger, P.F., Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (1996–2009) Checklist of the Collembola of the World. Available from: http://www.collembola.org (last updated on 2009.01.31 by Frans Janssens). Börner, C. (1901) Neue Collembolenformen und zur Nomenclatur der Collembola Lubb. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 24 (657/658), 696–712. Börner, C. (1903) Neue altweltiche Collembolen, nebst Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Isotominen und Entomobryinen. Sitzungs-Berichten der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde, 3, 129–182. Cassagnau, P. & Delamare Debouteville, C. (1955) Biospeologica LXXV. Mission Henri Coiffait au Liban (1951). 3. Collemboles. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 117, 511–572. Deharveng, L. (1983) Morphologie évolutive des Collemboles Neanurinae en particulier de la lignée Neanurienne. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 4 (2), 1–63. Ellis, W.N. (1976) Autumn fauna of Collembola from Central Crete. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 119, 221–326. Fjellberg, A. (1998) The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Part I: Poduromorpha. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 35, pp. 183.

22


KAPRUS’ & WEINER

TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Hüther, W. (1962) Beitrag zur Gattung Willemia Börner, 1901 (Collembola). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 12, 511–526. Jordana, R., Arbea J., Simón, C. & Luciáñez, M. J. (1997) Collembola, Poduromorpha. In: Ramos et al. (Eds) Fauna Ibérica. Vol. 8, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIS, Madrid, pp. 807. Kaprus’, I.J., Shrubovych, J.J. & Tarashchuk, M.V. (2006) Catalogue of the Collembola and Protura of Ukraine. State Natural History Museum of NASU, L’viv, 164 pp. [in Ukrainian]. Krausbauer, Th. (1898) Neue Collembola aus der Umgebung von Weilburg a./Lahn. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 21 (568), 501–504. Lawrence, P. N. (1977) Studies on the tibiotarsal chaetotaxy of Collembola. Systematic Entomology, 2, 313–317. Massoud, Z. (1967) Monographie des Neanuridae, Collemboles Poduromorphes à pièces buccales modifiées. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Rapoport, E. H. (Eds) Biologie de l’Amérique Australe, 3. CNRS, Paris, pp. 7–399. Rusek, J. (1973) Neue Collembolen von den Überschwemmungswiesen Süd-Mährens. V stník eskoslovenské spole nosti zoologické, 37 (3), 183–194. Rusek, J. (1991) Three new species of Pseudachorutini (Collembola: Neanuridae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae, 55, 120–129. Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149–216. Smolis, A. & Twardowski, J. (2006) Notes on Pseudachorutes pratensis Rusek, 1973 (Collembola: Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae), a springtail species new for the Polish fauna. Polskie pismo entomologiczne, 75, 343–346. Stach, J. (1949) The apterygotan fauna of Poland in relation to the world fauna of this group of insects. Families: Anuridae and Pseudachorutidae. Polska Akademia Umiej tno ci, Acta monographica Musei Historiae Naturalis, Kraków, 122 pp. Tullberg, T. (1871) Förteckning öfver Svenska Podurider. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 28, 143–155.



23