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A real-time monitoring and assessment method for calculation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted in subway stations a
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TaeSeok Oh , MinJeong Kim , JungJin Lim , OnYu Kang , K. Vidya Shetty , B. a
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SankaraRao , ChangKyoo Yoo , Jae Hyung Park & Jeong Tai Kim
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Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea b
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea c
Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Available online: 21 Feb 2012
To cite this article: TaeSeok Oh, MinJeong Kim, JungJin Lim, OnYu Kang, K. Vidya Shetty, B. SankaraRao, ChangKyoo Yoo, Jae Hyung Park & Jeong Tai Kim (2012): A real-time monitoring and assessment method for calculation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted in subway stations, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62:5, 517-526 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2012.660558
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TECHNICAL PAPER
A real-time monitoring and assessment method for calculation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted in subway stations TaeSeok Oh,1 MinJeong Kim,1 JungJin Lim,1 OnYu Kang,1 K. Vidya Shetty,1 B. SankaraRao,1 ChangKyoo Yoo,1,* Jae Hyung Park,2,⁄ and Jeong Tai Kim3 1
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea ⁄Please address correspondence to: ChangKyoo Yoo, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea; e-mail:
[email protected]; or Jae Hyung Park, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; e-mail:
[email protected]
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Subway systems are considered as main public transportation facility in developed countries. Time spent by people in indoors, such as underground spaces, subway stations, and indoor buildings, has gradually increased in the recent past. Especially, operators or old persons who stay in indoor environments more than 15 hr per day usually influenced a greater extent by indoor air pollutants. Hence, regulations on indoor air pollutants are needed to ensure good health of people. Therefore, in this study, a new cumulative calculation method for the estimation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted inside the subway station is proposed by taking cumulative amounts of indoor air pollutants based on integration concept. Minimum concentration of individual air pollutants which naturally exist in indoor space is referred as base concentration of air pollutants and can be found from the data collected. After subtracting the value of base concentration from data point of each data set of indoor air pollutant, the primary quantity of emitted air pollutant is calculated. After integration is carried out with these values, adding the base concentration to the integration quantity gives the total amount of indoor air pollutant emitted. Moreover, the values of new index for cumulative indoor air quality obtained for 1 day are calculated using the values of cumulative air quality index (CAI). Cumulative comprehensive indoor air quality index (CCIAI) is also proposed to compare the values of cumulative concentrations of indoor air pollutants. From the results, it is clear that the cumulative assessment approach of indoor air quality (IAQ) is useful for monitoring the values of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, in case of exposure to indoor air pollutants for a long time. Also, the values of CCIAI are influenced more by the values of concentration of NO2, which is released due to the use of air conditioners and combustion of the fuel. The results obtained in this study confirm that the proposed method can be applied to monitor total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, inside apartments and hospitals as well. Implications: Nowadays, subway systems are considered as main public transportation facility in developed countries. Time spent by people in indoors, such as underground spaces, subway stations, and indoor buildings, has gradually increased in the recent past. Especially, operators or old persons who stay in the indoor environments more than 15 hr per day usually influenced a greater extent by indoor air pollutants. Hence, regulations on indoor air pollutants are needed to ensure good health of people. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for monitoring and assessing total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted inside underground spaces and subway stations. A new methodology for the calculation of cumulative amounts of indoor air pollutants based on integration concept is proposed. The results suggest that the cumulative assessment approach of IAQ is useful for monitoring the values of total amounts of indoor air pollutants, if indoor air pollutants accumulated for a long time, especially NO2 pollutants. The results obtained here confirm that the proposed method can be applied to monitor total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, inside apartments and hospitals as well.
Introduction Subway stations are currently operated as 9 lines in urban areas in Korea, and about 6 million passengers per day in the metropolitan area use and spend considerable time in subway stations. So, subway station is one of the main public transportation facilities and the
social concern has also increased on the indoor air pollution in subway stations. Due to high retention time and usage by large number of people, the amounts of indoor air pollutants increase inside subway stations. Thus, the people who stay in subway stations and in indoor buildings for a long time are exposed to high amounts of indoor air pollutants. Therefore, the Korea Ministry of
517 Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(5):517–526, 2012. Copyright © 2012 A&WMA. ISSN: 1096-2247 print DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.660558
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Environment (MOE) has tried to manage air quality in subway stations by imposing stringent laws and regulations (Kim et al., 1994). The MOE has established the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Act in an attempt to control major pollutants, including PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters
