TELKOMNIKA, Vol. 11, No. 4, April 2013, pp. 2187~2194 e-ISSN: 2087-278X
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A Three Dimensional Simulation Method of the Gantry Crane 1,2
Jingsong LI1, Hang Su*2, Quan Liu3
key Laboratory of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Information Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei 430070, P.R. China 3 Key Laboratory of Broadband wireless communications and Sensor networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei 430070, P.R. China *Corresponding author, e-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract Until now, many companies have developed lots of the port machinery remote monitoring systems. However, these monitoring systems usual display the operating status of the port machinery by the schematic diagram, Legend and data. The presentation of information is unable to describe the status of the large number of port machinery. In order to solve the problem, a three-dimensional simulation method of the gantry crane based on the WPF is proposed. This paper studies WPF technology and 3D modeling techniques, on this basis, proposes a kind of the gantry crane 3D simulation method based on WPF, establishes a new generation monitoring system based on 3D, immersive and interactive real-time simulation environment. This system could simulate the real-time 3D virtual scene of the gantry crane, and real-time 3D analog display port machinery running posture and operating environment. Experiments show that CPU and memory usage rate is low enough when the system is running. Keywords: windows presentation foundation, 3D, gantry crane, monitoring system Copyright © 2013 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction In recent years, with the development of communication technology, as well as fiber optic cable, wireless devices widely used on the large port machinery, many companies have developed lots of the port machinery remote monitoring systems. However, these monitoring systems usual display the operating status of the port machinery by the schematic diagram, Legend and data [1]. The presentation of information is unable to describe the status of the large number of port machinery, and it is lacking of interaction with the user. WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) is Windows Vista-based user interface framework introduced by Microsoft Corporation [2]. WPF is the nextgeneration graphics systems of Microsoft, it is in the .NET Framework 3.0 architecture, provides a unified description and operating methods for user interface, 2D/3D graphics, documents, and multimedia. WPF based on DirectX technology not only brought unprecedented 3D interface, but also greatly improved the traditional 2D interface by its graphics vector rendering engine. It is no longer a distant expect that programmers with WPF developing a cool interface comparable to a Mac program. With respect to the development of the windows client, WPF forwards in a huge step. It provides the super-rich .NET UI framework, integrates vector graphics, and supports flow text. It provides a unified programming model, language and framework, truly separatesthe work between interface designers and developers. At the same time, it provides a new multimedia interactive graphical user interface [3]. Compared to the common graphical interface Direct3D and OpenGL directly manipulate the underlying API, programming with WPF is simple and does not depend on the underlying hardware. With the rapid development of 3D display technology, virtual reality and 3D simulation applications are more and more popular in many fields. This paper studies WPF technology and 3D modeling techniques, on this basis, proposes a kind of the gantry crane 3D simulation method based on WPF, Establishes a new generation monitoring system based on 3D, immersive and interactive real-time simulation environment. This system could simulate the real-time 3D virtual scene of the gantry crane, and real-time 3D analog display port machinery
Received January 13, 2013; Revised February 28, 2013; Accepted March 6, 2013
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running posture and operating environment. The system users can roam anywhere and adjust any observation point and perspective to achieve the real-time monitoring. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the current studies on WPF are briefly reviewed. The 3D modeling techniques of the gantry crane are described in detail in Section 3. In Section 4, the system design method is introduced. Finally, the experimental results are shown in Section 5. The conclusion is given in Section 6.
2. WPF For decade, with the growing popularity of the product screen operation, the user interfaces are very popular in our daily work and life. However, Windows developers have been using the interface display technologies that are similar in essence. A well-designed user interface can greatly improve the work efficiency and reduce user inquiries and complaints due to interface problems so as to relieve the pressure of customer service and the cost of aftersales service. Therefore, the design of the user interface is really essential for any product or service [4]. Microsoft's interface design techniques generally have experienced the following stages during its development: (1) User32 and GDI/GDI+ User32 is provided for many elements similar to the appearance of the window, such as windows, buttons, text boxes, and simplifies users operation. GDI/GDI+, which is drawing support for rendering simple shapes, text, and images. GDI stands for Graphics Device Interface, GDI graphics system formation have been for many years, it is the graphics device interface, this system mainly provides 2D graphics, text functions, as well as limited image processing functions, the main task is in charge of the exchange of information between the drawing program and the operating system, dealing with the graphical output of all windows programs. GDI not only provides users for the function of painting graphics and images, but also displayes abstraction on the hardware at a higher level. It encapsulates the hardware complexity in the GDI API, so as to providing convenient for users. It is the mainstream graphics library of window desktop application. Although some graphics cards are supporting part of the GDI acceleration, it is still very weak comparing with today's mainstream Direct3D acceleration. GDI+ was introduced to windows in 2001 as an extension of the GDI. It provides many extended functions without in GDI.Anti-aliasing for 2D graphics, floating point coordinates, gradient, a single pixel Alpha support, and a variety of image formats support are introduced. These parts are very important for the windows operating system used to create the user interface. These parts have been used for a long time, which resulted in windows developers have been using essentially the same display technology for a long time. The biggest limitations of GDI/GDI+are not support for hardware acceleration, animation and 3D images. GDI+ does not provide any hardware accelerations, all need to be realized by software. At the same time, with the pursuit of continuous improvement of user experience and visual impact, visual display technology should essentially change occurred so as to meet growing customer demand. (2) DirectX We have been analyzed in the previous that GDI and its extension GDI+ have one of the biggest problems is the hardware acceleration and animation. In order to solve this problem, Microsoft developed DirectX to relieve the limit of User32 and GDI/GDI+ library. DirectX (Direct eXtension) is a multimedia programming interface created by Microsoft, implements by the C++ programming language, follows the COM (Component Object Model). Microsoft DirectX is a group of technologies: they are designed to make Windows-based computers become an ideal platform for running and displaying applications with rich multimedia elements such as full-color graphics, video, 3D animation, and rich audio. It is widely used in video game developed for Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Xbox360, and can only support these platforms. The latest version is DirectX11, created in the latest Windows7. DirectX includes security and performance updates, has many new features. The application can use the DirectX API to access these new features. DirectX is designed to major concern in the speed, it is to take full advantage of hardware acceleration, support 3D, full color images, streaming media, and so on. It is very suitable for the game relatively high level require of graphics processing industries. So it is primarily as an additional game developer's toolkit to develop games on the Windows platform. It is almost not widely used for developing the traditional types Windows applications. WPF came into being as a new graphical display system to change this situation. TELKOMNIKA Vol. 11, No. 4, April 2013 : 2187 – 2194
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(3) A new generation of graphics system WPF Microsoft proposes introducing Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) for Windows unified display system in the architecture .NET Framework 3.0. It is Microsoft's nextgeneration graphics system, and provides a unified description and operating system of user interface, 2D/3D graphics, documents, and multimedia. WPF unifies the method of Windows creates, displays, and documents manipulates, media and user interface, so that developers and designers can create better visual effects [5]. It provides a richer user experience. 2.1. WPF Structure WPF functional framework is shown in Figure 1, the bottom is still some kernels, the yellow components are the core of WPF [6]. The milcore is an unmanaged components interacting with DirectX. The unmanaged code has the advantage of more efficient processing and better interacts with DirectX. All WPF displays are accomplished by DirectX. The most important function of the milcore is a composition engine. This engine requires high efficiency. So milcore has to give up some of the characteristics of CLR to enhance efficiency. While the other two yellow components Presentation Framework and Presentation Core are located on top of the Common Language Runtime (CLR). Obviously, most of the WPF code is in escrow.
Figure 1. WPF Structure 2.2. XAML XAML is the acronym for eXtensible Application Markup Language, which is a new kind of descriptive language created by Microsoft for building the application interfaces. XAML provides an easy extension and positioning syntax to define the separation of the user interface and program logic. It is very similar with code rear model in ASP .NET. In other words, when developing an application, the development work can be divided into the two groups of developers and designers, one group responsible for the code logic and the other responsible for the foreground program interface design, so that it is clearly between developers and designers. This is more unobstructed collaboration, also plays their expertise.
3. Three-dimensional Modeling Techniques 3.1. 3DS Max 3DS Max, often referred to as 3D Studio Max or MAX, it is a PC-based system 3D animation rendering and authoring software developed by Autodesk Media & Entertainment Company. Its predecessor is based on the series of 3D Studio DOS operating system software, the latest version is 2013. The industrial grade CG productions are monopoly by SGI graphics workstations before the advent of Windows NT. After 3D Studio Max plus Windows NT combinations appear, it is lowering of the threshold for CG production. It has the capabilities of modeling, flexible plugin architecture and can be used on the Microsoft Windows platform. 3.2. Create Part Models of the Gantry Crane The 3ds max model of the gantry crane is established by part. We establish undercarriage, pillar, and bridge model, and then compose a gantry crane. Firstly, we make an A Three Dimensional Simulation Method of the Gantry Crane (Jingsong Li)
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undercarriage background model and set its color in red as shown in Figure 2(a). After that, we copy this model to build the full undercarriage part as shown in Figure 2(b).
(a)
(b)
Figure 2. 3DS Max Model of Undercarriage
(a)
(b)
Figure 3. 3DS Max Model of Pillar and Bridge
Figure 4. 3DS Max Model of Bridge and Pillar
Figure 5. 3DS Max Model of Bridge and Pillar We establish a 3DS max model of pillar using basic model, and then copy another one. We adjust the proper distance of the two pillars as shown in Figure 3(a). We make a 3DS max
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model of bridge as shown in Figure 3(b). After that, we compose this two part as a whole as shown in Figure 4. Finally, we establish a 3DS max model of crab, and then add in the 3DS max model of bridge and pillar. The global 3DS max model of the gantry crane is finished as shown in Figure 5.
4. System Design The gantry crane working simulation system is designed. It has six modules, such as monitor, reports, 3D animation, user settings, system setting, and help module.This system has the functions of the gantry crane move simulation, online monitoring, scenes roaming and human-computer interaction. 4.1. 3DS Max Model Import into the System When the 3DS max model of the gantry crane is established, we should import the model into the simulation system in WPF. Firstly, we can save the 3DS max model as .obj file in 3DSMAX 2012. Secondly, we build a new WPF application in Microsoft Expression Blend 4. Then we import the .obj file into the WPF application, after that, we can get the xaml file of the 3ds max model. Finally, we should separate the model into different parts in order to simulation different part’s moving. 4.2. 3D Animation of Gantry Crane Working Simulation 3D animation is used to complete the working simulation. As normal working condition of the gantry crane, in accordance with the pre-design moving trace, it completely reappear the work procedure of the gantry crane. The main interface is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. The Main Interface of the System
The system simulates the crab moving to the left as shown in Figure 7(a) and the crab moving to the right as shown in Figure 7(b).
(a)
(b) Figure 7. Crab Moving Simulation
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The lifting simulation is shown in Figure 8.
(a)
(b) Figure 8. Lifting Simulation
We can zoom in and zoom out the gantry crane model in the system. It is shown in Figure 9(a). We can also rotate the gantry crane model at any angle as shown in Figure 9(b)
(a)
(b) Figure 9. Zoom in and Rotation
5. Experimental Results A group of experiments are designed to test the 3D system performance. All the experiments are implemented in the hardware test environment as follows: (1) CPU: Intel Core
[email protected] quad-core (2) Motherboard: ASUS P8Z68-V LX (Intel Z68 chipset) (3) Memory: 4GB (Kingston DDR3 1333MHz) (4) Graphics: NVidia GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1 GB / Colorful) (5) Hard disk: Seagate ST31000524AS (1 TB / 7200 rev / min) The software test environment is as follows: (1) Windows 7 Ultimate 32-bit SP1 (DirectX 11) (2) 3DSMAX modeling environment: 3DSMAX 2012 Table 1. The CPU and Memory Usage Comparison Betweenfourkinds of the Gantry Crane’s 3D Model Move 3D model move
CPU usage rate（ before ）
Transport Crab travelling Lifting zoom
0 0 0 0
CPU usage rate（ after ） 12％ 8％ 7％ 15％
CPU usage rate of change
memory usage（ befor e）
memory usage （ after）
Memory usage rate of change
+0.12 +0.08 +0.07 +0.15
134936 KB 134911 KB 134923 KB 134792 KB
134980 KB 134940 KB 135100 KB 135464 KB
+0.000326 +0.000215 +0.001312 +0.004985
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Firstly, we open the gantry crane monitoring system; we can get the CPU usage rate (before) and memory usage (before) as shown in table 1. Secondly, we manipulate the 3D gantry crane to transport (road), travel, lift and zoom; we can get the CPU usage rate (after) and memory usage (after) as shown in table 1. Finally, we can calculate the CPU usage rate of change and Memory usage rate of change as shown in Table 1. In this experiment, we can get the result that the WPF system is low CPU and memory usage when the 3D model of the gantry crane simulating the work moving.
6. Conclusion In this paper, we study WPF technology and 3D modeling techniques, on this basis, we propose a kind of the gantry crane 3D simulation method based on WPF, we establish a new generation monitoring system based on 3D, immersive and interactive real-time simulation environment. This system could simulate the real-time 3D virtual scene of the gantry crane, and real-time 3D analog display port machinery running posture and operating environment. Experiments show that the CPU and memory usage rate of change is low enough when system running.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the key program of National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.50935005), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2012PM093).
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