cells. The core of a setup is a steady light solar simulator of Class A according to
specifications of IEC 60904-9 and. ASTM E927 standards. Available range of ...
!"#$% &'
()
*+, - ./ 0"*$ 12 +3 ",4/+ +52 ,# 12 +3 6 ,*+" ",1*+/ , 2$1"7$ /! 4+1+/ ,$ # 89 / $%"-$: "5+ ; < *+, - + /! 4+/";3 = > ? < ? "7 411 @;;$+ * A8-"7 38/"1
& !$'(
)
+
! "#$#% $ + *
*
+ * , .
!
"#/$0
+
-
. 1 # ÷ "#
2 3
4
2 5
. ,#*0" $+ * ," ,
6 + * ! "#$#% 02 ! "#$#% 7
+ + ! "#$#% $
A* 1 +/ $+ * ," ,4 * ,1"* % 1 +/8
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° ," 1"7 "* 1#*" / ,,+*! /," - 14 *"B# *"7"/1$ +3 D E F /! D < E F $1 /! *!$ /! - 14 0 * "12 +3 + 1 +/$ 7 "7"/1"! 14 1 7 2 A" 4" 3# / !0 /,"! *"$" *,4 -+*:8 4" +14"* 7 - $ 1+ ,+7A /" 4 54 ,,#* ,2 +3 14" 7" $#*"7"/1 - 14 *" " 1 A 12 /! $ ""! 14 1 -+# ! 7 :" 14" $"1# $# 1 A " 3+* ," 7 /#3 ,1#* /5 , 1 +/$ $ -" 8 6 /2 +3 1"$1$ 4 0" A""/ "*3+*7"! +/ 14" $"1# 1+ *",+5/ %" /! *"$"/1 +$$ A " * /!+7 +* /+/* /!+7 $+#*,"$ +3 "**+*$ 14 1 , / A" "/,+#/1"*"! !#* /5 $1 /! *! ,#*0" $, /$8
541 $+#*," $ ,+*" +3 " ,4 $2$1"7 3+* !"0 ," ,4 * ,1"* % 1 +/8 1 $4+# ! 7""1 $"0"* *"B# *"7"/1$ $#,4 $ *+ "* $ ",1* ! $1* A#1 +/ +3 14" "7 11"! 541 +/5 /! $4+*1 1 7" $1 A 12 +3 1$ /1"/$ 12 /! ,," 1 A " ** ! /," #/ 3+*7 12 +0"* 14" *" *+0 !"! 3+* +$ 1 +/ /5 +3 ," 3+* 1"$18 / 14" , $" 14" $ ",1*#7 +3 14" 541
*"$"7A "$ , +$" 2 "/+#54 $ ",1* ! $1* A#1 +/ +3 14" / 1#* $+ * * ! 1 +/ 14"/ $#,4 "B# 7"/1 $ , "! $+ * +* $#/ $ 7# 1+*8 / + * A $2$1"7 ,+/1 /+#$ 541 + * 7# 1+* 12 " +3 4+1+"7 $$ +/ ",4/8 /,8 . - 14 $4+*1 *, G"/+/ 7 $ 541 $+#*," 4 $ A""/ #$"!8 4" "B# 7"/1 7 2 A" , $$ 3 "! /1+ 4 54"$1 $$ , 1"5+*2 ,,+*! /5 1+ *"B# *"7"/1$ +3 14" D D E$
0
= >$
"
"
A
A
%50 % % 0
%50 % % 0
# " $ = 7 "$ +3 14"*7 ,+"33 , "/1$ +3 /! A !"1"*7 /"! 3+* 7# 1 ,*2$1 /" ," O *" 1 0" 0 #"$ +3 ,+"33 , "/1$ *"3"* 1+ 0 #"$ 7" $#*"! 1 ° O /+1" $4 * ,4 /5" / -4"/ 1"7 "* 1#*" +3 14" 7" $#* /5 1 A " $$"$ !"- + /18
)5
%
!1 $ *
B+
) 5
%
B+
"
"
A
A
%50 % % 0
%50 % % 0
./$ .
)5
%
B+
!
*
) 5
%
B+
%50 % % 0
.
"
"
A
A
%50 % % 0
.
) 5
%
?
B+
?5
) 5
%
B+
# " ' ' $1* A#1 +/ +3 A $ , * 7"1"*$ +3 14" $ 7" ," 7" $#"! 1 7"$ / $", /1"*0 $O 3+* A"11"* $ 7# 1 +/ +3 14" *+#1 /" 1"$1 +3 14" $+ * ," $ A 1,4 7" $#* /5 *+A"$ -"*" * $"! /! ," - $ /+1 $#,:"! 1+ 14" 1 A " A"1-""/ ,+/$",#1 0" $, /$8
4"*7 ,+"33 , "/1$ +3 7 +*1 /1 * 7"1"*$ "$ ",
β α /! 7 +-"* 1 14" 7 = 7#7 +-"* + /1 +3 ,#*0" *" 0"*2 2 14+$" +3 7 /! +, +3 /2 !"0 ," $ /," 14"2 *" /! $ "/$ A " 3+* *"! ,1 +/
?
#" ( * 4, *+,"!#*"$ #$"! 1+ !"1"*7 /" #7 "! $"* "$ *"$ $1 /," +3 $+ * ," @ ?D 7"14+! E F ,+7A / 1 +/ +3 ! *: /! 541 7" $#*"7"/1$ E F A #$ /5 +/ 2 ! *: ,#*0" , 8
!"0 ," "*3+*7 /," / *" $1 , + "* 1 /5 ,+/! 1 +/$8 ./3+*1#/ 1" 2 #*+ " / $1 /! *! D E F *",+77"/!$ *+,"!#*" 1+ !"1"*7 /" +/ 2 β ,+"33 , "/18 + "/ A " *+#1 /" !"1"*7 / 1 +/ +3 14*"" 14"*7 ,+"33 , "/1$ $ ", $2$1"7 3+* 4" 1 /5;,++ /5 7" $#* /5 1 A " 4 $ A""/ !"0" + "! / + * AH$ $"1# 8 4" $2$1"7 ,+/$ $1$ +3 3+#* - 1"* ,++ "! " 1 "* ," $ 7+#/1"! +/ 14" *" * $ !" +3 14" 7" $#* /5 1 A " 58 8 '" "/! /5 +/ ! *",1 +/ +3 14" A $ /5 ,#**"/1 3 +- 14" 1 A " 7 2 A" " 14"* 4" 1"! +* ,++ "! / 14" 1"7 "* 1#*" * /5" N ÷ ° 8 * ! "/1 +3 14" 1"7 "* 1#*" ,4 /5"$ $ ,+/1*+ "! A2 7 ,*+ *+,"$$+* $2$1"7 !"0" + "! / + * A "$ ", 2 3+* 14 $ #* +$"8 58 A $4+-$ $"0"* "= 7 "$ +3 14" 4" 1 /5 /! ,++ /5 *#/$8 31"* $"11 /5 *"B# *"! * /5" /! 5* ! "/1 $2$1"7 -+*:$ /!" "/!"/1 2 +3 14" ,+/1*+ "! *1 +3 14" -4+ " $"1# /! 14"*7 ,+"33 , "/1$ *" !"1"*7 /"! #1+7 1 , 2 / 14" *"$"1 1"7 "* 1#*" * /5" - 14+#1 /""! +3 14" + "* 1+* /1"*0"/1 +/8 58 < *"$"/1$ "= 7 "$ +3 7" $#*"7"/1$ , ** "! +#1 1+ !"1"*7 /" β /! α ,+"33 , "/1$8 / 58 < A !"+ /1 "33",1 $ 0 $ A " -4"/ - 1"* 0 +#* ,+/!"/$ /5 +/ 14" ," H$ $#*3 ," $1*+/5 2 33",1"! 1$ $4+*1 , *,# 1 ,#**"/18 "*2 5++! /" * 12 +3 +1$ 7 :"$ 14 1 !"1"*7 /"! 0 #"$ +3 A+14 14"*7 ,+"33 ,"/1$ *" 0"*2 *" A "8 C 54 *"$+ #1 +/ /! ,,#* ,2 +3 7" $#*"7"/1$ $ *1 ,# * 2 -" ,+/3 *7"! / 14" , $" *"$"/1"! / 58 < A -4"*" α * 7"1"* $ +/ 2 8 ;° 8
$0 : / 14" ,+7 "= $2$1"7 3+* ,#*0"$ 7" $#*"7"/1 5++! *" " 1 A 12 +3 14" 7" $#*"7"/1 *"$# 1$ 7 2 ,+/3 * 7 /+1 +/ 2 B# 12 +3 " ",1*+/ , , *,# 1$ +3 14" 7" $#* /5 #/ 1 +* $1 A 12 +3 541 /1"/$ 12 A#1 1 $+ $4+-$ 3 7",4 / , *1$ "858 *+A"$ "! / 14" $2$1"7 -+*: ,+**",1 2 /! +-$ 1+ 0"* 32 ,+**",1/"$$ +3 1 " $1 $+7" +3 14" /#7"* , *+,"!#*"$ "! / 14" $+31- *"8 1 $3 ,1+*2 *" " 1 A 12 $ 3" 1#*" -4 ,4 $ "B# 2 7 +*1 /1 / A+14 A+* 1+*2 $ -" $ /!#$1* , 1 +/$8 + ,4",: *" " 1 A 12 +3 7" $#*"7"/1 *"$# 1$ 3+* 14" $2$1"7 !"0" + "! / + * A 7" $#*"7"/1$ 4 0" A"/"/ ,+/$",#1 0" 2 , ** "! +#1 3+* 14" $ 7" ," / $",+/! /1"*0 $8 + " 7 / 1" +$$ A " /,*" $" +3 1"7 "* 1#*" +3 14" 7" $#* /5 1 A " " ,4 ,#*0" - $ #1+7 1 , 2 ,+**",1"! 1+ $1 /! *! 1"$1 ,+/! 1 +/$ 77"! 1" 2 31"* $, / $"" ",18
