Affordable System for Alerting, Monitoring and ...

International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (IClC) Col/ege o/Engineering Pune, India. May28-30,2015

2015

Affordable System for Alerting, Monitoring and Controlling Heat Stroke inside Vehicles Sumit Garethiya

Himanshu Agrawal,

Suresh. V, Amit Kudale, Gaurav Wable, Girishchandra R.

Dept. of Electronics & Telecomm.

Shilpa Gite

Symbiosis Institute of technology

Dept. of Computer Science

Yendargaye

Pune, India.

Symbiosis Institute of technology

Center for Development of

Pune, India.

Advanced Computing (C-DAC)

[email protected]

[email protected]

Pune, India.

[email protected]

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract-

• Airbags

Human safety in a vehicle is a prime focus of

research in past few years. Several attempts have been made by

• Heatstroke

70

various groups of researchers, academics and industry people

60

around the world to address the potential issues in non-crash related accidents. Of all non-crash related accidents, heatstroke is

50

major factor that leads in children deaths. Our work is largely 40

motivated by safety issues due to non crash related fatalities such as heat stroke. We propose a simple and cost effective solution to

30

alert vehicle owners about the heat stroke inside a vehicle and to

20

avoid the death apparently due to suffocation. The proposed project work is beneficial not only to the vehicle owner but also to

10

the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEA's). We indent to develop a

o

prototype for Indian market

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1990

Keywords- Advanced system; sensing, remote monitoring, child safety, heat stroke

92

94

96

98

00

02

06

08

10

12

2014'

National Circumstances of Child Vehicular Heatstroke Deaths

1.

04

Fi .1 . End of June 0 2 14 source:NCSA,NHTSA

(1998-2013)

INTRODUCTION • Child "forgotten" by

Human safety in a vehicle is a prime focus of research in

caregiver

past few years. Several attempts have been made by various

• Child playing in

groups of researchers, academics and industry people around

unattended vehicle

the world to address the potential issues in non-crash related

• Child intentionally left in vehicle by adult

accidents. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety

• Circumstances

Administration (NHTSA), heatstroke in vehicles is the leading

unknown

cause of all non-crash-related fatalities [1]. Since 1998, 556 children have died in the United State of

Fig. 2 . National circumstances of child vehicular heatstroke's death

America (USA) from such a cause in locked car [3]. Of all non-traffic fatalities for children under 15 years of age

Figure

between 2006 and 2010 heat stroke constitutes nearly 15% [4]

2

represents

the

pie

chart

of

the

National

circumstances of child vehicular heatstroke's death (19982013) [15].

Due to vehicles heatstroke, in every 10 days a child dies in

When body temperature reaches to 104 Fahrenheit, internal

US alone. On an average, 38 children die in hot cars each year

organs shutdown at 107 Fahrenheit, Children die [1].The

from heat-related deaths after being trapped inside motor

temperature of child's body rises 35 times faster more faster

vehicles [1]. It can take as little as 15 minutes in an overheated

than an adult [1].Child are more prone since they cannot sweat

car for a child to suffer life-threatening brain\kidney injuries

as effectively as adults [10].Even when the windows are

[5]. Physical signs of heat stroke include a body temperature

closed, the temperature inside a car can reach up to 125 degree

of greater than 40.6 degree Celsius, rapid heartbeat, high

Fahrenheit. Over 31% of these cases, the child die due to

respiration rate and even seizures in very young children [7].

vehicle entrapment. In 30 minutes, the temperature of car,

Figure 1 represents the graph of numbers of death of

become so high that it becomes oven [11]

children in cars in the US alone due to airbags and heatstroke.

978-1-4799-7165-7/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

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Even in Bangalore alone, in August 2014, 4 Indian children

($69.95). Car Seat Monitor that uses an iPhone application as

died after being trapped in a car, children aged from 4 to 10

the alarm. ChildMinder Smart Clip System ($69.95).some

years old were died due to suffocation because they are not

products require expert installation in car which include

able to open the door of car from inside [4].

(249.99) with installation and CARE seat car seat system [9].

There are many circwnstances by which the child was left inside a car; In Figure 2 the pie chart representation is

Most of these products are focus some specific features and

presented. The main reason for which children were locked in

work some specific operating platfonn. The available products

was that the parents/caretakers forget their child in the locked

provide an alert message to caretakers/ parents but fail to take

car. This accounted for 52% of the cases [3]

into account if the caretaker \ parents will not able to response to it at specific time interval (20 minutes)[I], even if the

As a matter of fact facts, there is a strong motivation need to

condition inside a car is undesirable. The available product do

develop an advance mechanism that facilitates alerts to parents

not send this information to LEA's to take necessary actions in

(who accidently leave their children inside a car) , car owner ,

terms to save the child life present inside the car in a critical

caregiver, driver and law enforcing agencies.

condition

With the increase of child death (0-14 year) due to the

III.

vehicle heat problem amount all over the world, vehicle

ADVANCED SYSTEM MODEL

monitoring and child safety / Human safety inside a car has

The Advance system models are basically divided into three

become a tremendous problem. In scenario there are no

parts l. Monitoring unit 2. Coordinate unit 3. Real time

existing and integrated solutions towards vehicle monitoring

control unit

for Law enforcing agencies (LEA's) and safety of child / person

inside a car.

affordable

proof

of

Our

contribution

prototype

concept.

is

to develop We

provide

an

The monitoring unit comprises of the sensing devices and

an

controller. The controller collects data

advanced solution system to monitor the child inside a car and

from

all

sensing

devices placed inside a car to sense environmental conditions

provide a safety solution with immediate data control action.

for monitoring the causes of heatstroke. Control unit will takes

Main objective of the research project work are listed below

corrective

which drive us further for prototype development.

Coordinator unit will communicate the collected data to a

measures

to

overcome

critical

situations.

remote server using web-services. This data will be available

� � � �

To sense accurately the presence of person \ child

for the law enforcing agencies and authenticated end-users.

inside a vehicle on a car seat

Server data will be used to analyze and take legal actions.

To differentiate the presence of human, child and

Figure 3 represents the system model

luggage on a car seat.

Figure 4 represents the advanced system model.

To detennine if the environment is danger to child To respond to the critical conditions by providing

3.1 Monitoring unit

alert message to parents / law enforcing agencies

�

The monitoring system is used to monitor the person inside a

To provide the control action to save the life of a

car. It comprises of a temperature sensor, presence detection

child.

system, real time clock and GPS receiver module. The monitor

Our proposed work is mainly focus on to develop a platform

unit consists of controller where all sensing is attached. We

independent system.

describe each of the tasks carried out by this system as below.

The paper is divided into following sections. Section II presents the related research work and products which is which includes an advanced system model.

Temperature sensing module

3.1.1

available in market. Section III presents our proposed work

This module is responsible for getting temperature data

Section IV

inside

includes the prototype development of the system. Section V

a

vehicle

using

temperature

sensor

to

execute

a

proactive monitoring process to obtain a measure.

includes conclusion part of this project work. Section VI presents about the future scope of our proposed advanced

3.1.2

system model.

Presence detection module:

This system is responsible for identifying the presence of a II.

person/child inside a car on a car seat. Here we are making the

RELATED WORK

use of pressure pad sensor to sense the presence of a person

In Juan Pablo soto [2], et.al has proposed similar kind of

inside a car. In the following paragraph, we describe the

solution to this problem. The author has proposed a JADE

detection process of person \ child \ luggage inside a car, and

framework for android based platform. The solution is focused

necessary control action in case of critical condition. A basic

on infant's behavior 0-2 year .

pressure pad switch sensor is explained below.

There are many products which are available in market. The

In proposed project we have developed our own cost

available products that can be attached to seat buckle which

effective pressure pad switch sensor. The basic pressure

include the Child Minder smart pad system ($ 69.95), HALO

switch takes the pressure as input and changes the state when

baby seat system ($149.99), Delux padded seat alarm system

pressure is at certain level.

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Care taker / parents Server

Law enforcing agencies

/

Controller unit Fig. 3. The system model

A pressure pad switch sensor is just like a piezoelectric sensor, which is used to measure changes in applied pressure or force by converting them into an electric charge. The switch can be designed to make contact between upper and lower aluminwn foils either on pressure rise or on pressure fall. The sensor output data pin is attached to the controller. Figure 5 shows the internal diagram of pressure pad switch sensor The pressure switch designed in such a way that it can be

GPIO PIN

placed easily in a car seat and function efficiently. Pressure

Fig. 5. The pressure pad switch sensor indicating internal

pad switch sensor is used to detect the presence of person,

architecture

while performing this task by making the proper arrangement

BACKSIDE - MIDDLE PART

and combination of sensors logic set to differentiate between person, child and luggage. This pressure pad switch sensor is attached at fixed position on the seat. Four pressure pad sensors are kept on the each seat of the car respectively..The following logic is set to distinguish between person, child (small baby 0-4 year) and luggage on car seat. This is attached

FOOT

to controller unit. Figure 6 represents functional diagram of a Pressure pad sensor arrangement Figure 7 represent the logic set for presence detection 3.1.3

GPS module:

Fig. 6. The pressure pad switch sensor arrangement

The GPS receiver module can record location data according to time interval set to fetch data. A GPS device mounted on

3.2 Coordinator unit

vehicle captures the geographic location points (latitude &

The coordinator system is responsible for identifying critical

longitude), azimuth from true north. All these location details

conditions which may cause a high risk of heatstroke for the

are concatenated and transmitted to the server [8].

child. Figure 8 represents the data fields in transmitted data 3.1.3

To

achieve

this,

the

system

receives

data

from

temperature sensor, pressure pad switch and GPS system. By monitoring and processing this data, the coordinator system

Real Time Clock (RTC) module:

takes decision to alert the driver/car owner, neighbours, law

The RTC is a battery operated real-time clock module. This

enforcing agencies and triggers necessary control actions. The

system keeps track of the time while the controller is switched.

coordination system will communicate the details to the

off and allows the controller to retrieve the current date and

remote server using Wi-Fi or GPRS. Wi-Fi will be used for

time from the RTC when it is switched back on.

demo and when infrastructure of road-side units (RSUs) is

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... HUMAN DETECTED (Any 3 sensors ON)

o0 �

selver

... BAG DETECTED Web Sen'ices

0 ...

Control logic

CHILD DETECTED

Database

Fig. 7. Logic set for presence detection

Device II>

Longitude

Fig. 8. Data fields in transmitted data

available

and

GPRS

when

there

is

need

to

directly

communicate to remote server [11][12][16]. 3.2.1 The

Client - Server communication controller

act

as

client

in

a

safety

system

to

Fig. 9. Client - server communication with user interface(web

communicate with remote server The Server is implemented

browser)

using node.js based web-services and it uses MongoDB database to store the data. Controller will have GPRS / Wi-Fi JSON object. whenever

AWl II

Controller calls web-service of remote server

presence

is

detected

and

temperature

Safty system in car

LOGIN

module to connect with network. The data will be in form of reaches

U� tw.E fniOf li'l RW; on"",1 PA5S\\OR 1)" ft>!,r PASSI·.CRO

threshold. Control logic on server will analysis the data and take control and alert actions. Alert mechanism will inform authenticated person and Law enforcing agencies to save child

T�ult i't�_� • \I(>!!' Ccn: id

�ni!nl 1I@11

from danger [11] [16] [13]. Figure 9 represents the communication

between

flow chart representations for

client-server

with

user

IAfIDSXSIEM

device

application i.e, web browser. 3.2.2

Law

Monitering System

enforcing agencies access data at web browser

1.Seat belt detection system

The law enforcing agencies can view data using any web­

CHECK

CHECK SEAT

L atITud e :

BE LT:

monitoring the vehicles. This reports will be available for legal

AlARM

departments like RTO, traffic police etc. Vehicle Parameters

INDICATION:

will be represented for each vehicle on browser that will list

2.Number of passenger

out following parameters.

driver seat:

Temperature inside a car

Near driver

2.

Presence of a person or child

Back side

1:

3.

GPS Location

Back side

2:

4.

Bonnet status

5.

Seat Belt detection

6.

Number of Passengers

7.

Speed of Vehicle Alarm Indication

9.

Alert Message

LongITude: Direction

l.

8.

GPSTRACKER Speed:

PRESENCE:

browser. A data analysis module will generate reports for

�,.

111m it'JdoI:iioo

towards North: Time:

seat:

Date:

Back side 3:

Fig.10. Data representation on browser

is

responsible

for

automatically

controlling

one

of

the

windows.We are using control unit which is responsible for automatically controlling one of the windows. The Control unit consists of controller, motor driver integrated circuit and DC wiper motor. The control logic will analysis the critical

Figure lO represents the data representation on web browser

situation defined to avoid the heat stroke and it will trigger the control action. The control action will result in automatically

3.3 Real time control unit

opening the window.

The principle focus of the project work is to provide

Figure 11 represents the Flow chart representation of control

appropriate control actions in case of temperature rise at or

mechanism system

above lO4 degree Fahrenheit. We are using control unit which

1509

The

system

performance

depends

on

(i) real time data

monitoring (ii) real time GPS tracking (iii) control mechanism (iv) frequently alerts at web browser (iv) stop unawareness of driver/ car owner. One important contribution of this paper is No

to prototype, as it help to alert parents , car driver and save lives in situation when they forgot to save their child inside a car or by mistake a child / person is locked / trapped inside a car and unable to open the lock of a car. As our ongoing work, N.

we are initiating to use smart card for exchange of detail to Law enforcing s agencies (LEA's)

Temp

_

Cross threshold

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

Pl'"tsenc� found

Additional things like Road Side Units (RSU) which is used for V2I communication can also be incorporated with this. We will add the driver, car and insurance details which LEAs can get on click of button for the particular region. All this points can be part of future smart cities of India in the field of governance, mobility, etc.

Fig.1 1 . Flow chart of control mechanism system

IV. PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT FOR SYSTEM A

prototype

for

advance

system

model

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

has

been

This work

implemented using Raspberry Pi as a controller. Controller

technology,

is

supported by the

Pune and

Symbiosis

Networking and

institute

Internet

of

Software

acquires raw data from sensors (temperature, pressure pad

Group (NISG) in Center for Development of Advanced

sensor), GPS receiver module, alann (speaker / buzzer) and

Computing (C-DAC) Pune, India

motor driver Ie. This is being processed on controller and

REFERENCES

sends the data to remote server. We are using a raspberry pi, sensors

and

motor

driver

as

a

hardware

and

node.js,

MongoDB, python as software which will be explained in the

[1]

National highway traffic safety adminstration - http:// nhtsa.gov.in and www.safecar.gov/heatstroke.

[2]

Juan Pablo soto ,Gilberto Munoz-sandoval, Guadalupe cota ortiz,roberto nunez-gonzalez , elvira rolon aguilar, Multi-agents ystem to avoid heatstroke in young childreen left in bay car seats insidevehicles, International conference on computational science and computational intelligenccies 2014

[3]

Kids And Cars. (2011, September 22). u.s. Child Fatalities by Type (2006 - 2010). Retrieved January 4, 2013, from www.kidsandcars.org: http://www.kidsandcars.orgluserfiles/dangers/shared/fatalities-piechart.pdf

[4]

Null, J. (2012, November 5). Hyperthermia Deaths of Children in Vehicles. Retrieved January 4, 2013, from Department of Geosciences, San Francisco State University: http://www.ggweather.com/heatl

[5]

Catherine McLaren, J. N. (2005). Heat Stress From Enclosed Vehicles: Moderate Ambient Temperatures Cause Significant Temperature Rise in Enclosed Vehicles. Pediatrics, 109-112. Retrieved January4,2013,from http://pediatrics.aappublications.orglcontentlI16/1/eI 09.full.pdf+html

[6]

Four indian children die after being trapped in a car by Imran Qureshi BBC Hindi, Bangalor, 14 August 2014 uri:http://www.bbc.comlnews/world-asia-india-28784095 url:http://www.ndtv.comlarticle/southlafter-Iocked-car-turned-into­ death-trap-for-4-children-an-arrest-575793

[7]

Rampulla, J. (2004). Hyperthennia & Heat Stroke: Heat-Related Conditions. In: The health care of homeless persons: a manual of communicable diseases & common problems in shelters & on the streets. Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program with the National Health Care for the Homeless Council, pp. 199-204

[8]

Anil Kumar gupta , gaurav wable , tarun batra Collision detection system for vehicle in hilly and dense fog affetced area to generate collision alerts center for development of advanced computing,pune India

[9]

Arbogast, K. 8., Belwadi, A., Allison, M. (2012, July). Reducing the Potential for Heat Stroke to Children in Parked Motor Vehicles:

next paragraphs.

Raspberry pi

4.1

Raspberry pi is Broadcom BCM2835 SoC based designed for general purpose embedded applications. It is a single board programmable computer which runs on Linux kernel based operating system. It provides the network connectivity via Ethernet or Wi-Fi dongle and general purpose input output pins to connect various devices like sensors, actuators [14]. 4.2

Nodejs

Node.js is used for networking application with open source platform for server side. Node.js is used for server side scripting and implementing web services using RESTful node module. It is non blocking input output model and highly scalable [16][12][11]. 4. 3

MongoDB

A MongoDB is optimized for performance and scalability. It is schema-less NoSQL database. It stores the data in fonn of documents and arrays [13]. V. CONCLUSION The main contribution of this paper is the design of a system to avoid heatstroke in children and person left inside a car. In this paper we propose a child / person safety inside a car based on real time data application connection it with web browser.

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Evaluation of Reminder Technology. Retrieved January 6, 2013, from www.nhtsa.gov: www.nhtsa.gov/DOT/NHTSAlNVS/811632.pdf [10] Tsuzuki-Hayakawa, K. Tochihara, Y. Thermoregulation during heat exposure of young children compared to their mothers. Retrieved January 6, 2013, from: European [II]

J J. Wegner. Why Node.JS? Security. [Online]. Available: http: IIwww.wegnerdesign.com/bloglwhy-node-js-securityI

[12]

T. J. Holowaychuk. Connect - a middleware layer for Node.js. [Online] Available: https:llgithub.comisenchalabs/connect Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology [1995;72:12-17]

Inc. MongoDB [13] 10gen, http://www.mongodb.orgl [14]

homepage.

[Online].

raspbeny pi .org \\ available: http://www.raspbenypi.org

[15] San Francisco State University,Department www.ggweather.com/heatlindex.htm [16]

Available:

of

Geosciences

Andres Ojamaa Institute of Cybernetics at Tallinn University of Technology Karl O"u"una the Security of Node.js Platform The 7th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (IClTST-2012) 978-1-908320-08/71$25.00©2012 IEEE

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