An Integrated Framework for Sensor-Based ...

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and software platforms in favor of open and standardized approaches. ... http://www.darpa.mil/ito/research/sensit/index.html. To develop .... protocol converter if messaging protocols of the client and .... The STIM contains (1) PSD sensor.
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