Appendix A

Appendix A QUESTIONNAIRES FOR THE INTERVIEW Q. 1

Q. 2

Q. 3

Educational Qualification. Illiterate

Primary

High School

Inter

Graduate

Above

0

1

2

3

4

5

Monthly income of the family. 1 to 1000

1001 to 2000

2001 to 3000

3001 to above

0

1

2

3

Whether you have any savings in the bank? i)

Q. 4

Q. 5

Q. 6

Yes

ii)

No

Who decides the responding of your income? Self

Husband

Both

Others

1

2

3

4

Control over resources. Husband

Wife

Both

Other

1

2

3

4

Access to mobility. i)

Yes

ii)

No

Q. 7

Whether you can go out alone? i)

Q. 8

Q. 9

Q.10

Yes

Self

Husband

Both

1

2

3

Self

Husband

Both

1

2

3

Control over body.

Status of house building. Kachcha

Q.13

Yes

ii)

No

No

Pradhan

BDC

1

2

3

Whether you have easy access health facilities? Yes

ii)

No

Knowledge of legal aids. i)

Q.15

Pucca

Whether contested in the local government?

i) Q.14

ii)

Knowledge of government scheme. i)

Q.12

No

Control over household level decision making.

i) Q.11

ii)

Yes

ii)

No

Knowledge of NABARD. i)

Yes

ii)

No

Q.16

Place of Child‟s birth. i)

Q.17

Yes

ii)

Yes

ii)

Yes

ii)

Yes

ii)

Yes

ii)

No

No

ii) 18 years and above

Yes

ii)

No

Does any one or your household avail old age pension? i)

Q.26

No

Number of Girls having salaried employment. i)

Q.25

No

Age at marriage. i) Below 18 Years

Q..24

No

Lives stock rearing. i)

Q.23

No

Whether you have participation in socially useful activities? i)

Q.22

ii)

Is there any girl-child dropout in your family? i)

Q.21

Yes

Are you have a member of IGA? i)

Q.20

Hospital

Knowledge of government benefits through Blocks. i)

Q.19

ii)

Knowledge of family planning. i)

Q.18

At home

Yes

ii)

No

Does any one or your household avail widow‟s pension? i)

Yes

ii)

No

Q.27

What is your attitude towards the girl-child? i)

Q.28

Positive

ii)

Negative

Do you think that men generally have respect for women‟s modesty? i)

Yes

ii)

No

●

Appendix B VIABLE MICRO ENTERPRISE The following are some of the proposed land based and non-land-based enterprises feasible for women.

I - LAND BASED ENTERPRISES 1. Enterprise 2. Background

3. Raw Material & Investment

1. BUFFALO / COW REARING BUFFALO / COW REARING  This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is widely prevalent in the rural economic,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a continuous demand. 1) Buffalo +Calf Rs.10,000 – 15,000/2) Animal Feed Rs. 800 per month 3) Feed Vessel Rs. 50 – 60/4) Medication Rs. 500/- annually 5) Insurance Rs. 1000/- annually

4. Requisites

 Buffalo rearing needs space.  Training for the entrepreneur is a must,  Entrepreneur should have an access to veterinary service,  Insurance of the buffalo / cow is a must.

5. Manpower Requirement 6. Market Details

 2 skilled or semi-skilled workers

7. Income and returns

8. Risks & Problems

 Local demand i.e. within village is continuous,  Commercial selling of milk can be made to sweet shops, tea stalls, dairy farms, etc.  Milk produces of 8 litre per day sold @ Rs.12/per litre.  Dairy products like Ghee, butter and paneer can be sold,  Cow dung can be sold as fuel and manure  Diseases and ailments of the animal,  Lack of water in summer,  Lack of fodder during summer.

9. Feasibility for women

High

2. FISHERIES 1. Enterprise

FISHERIES

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is being practice in the rural areas,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a continuous demand.




Yearly lease of Pond

Rs.500/- per year



Cleaning of the Pond

Rs. 300 /-



Lime for cleaning (500Kg.) Rs. 500/Rs. 300/5000 fish eggs (Rohu, Nain, Katla) Rs. 17,000/annually Fish Feed (15,000 Kg. Annually) Rs. 2,400/annually Khaad (10,740 Kg.

  

Annually)  4. Requisites

Rs. 1,000/-

Labour charges for fisherman

 Activity needs 1 hectare land for fish pond,  Training for the entrepreneur is a must,  Entrepreneur should have an access to veterinary service,  Insurance of the fish is a must.

5. Manpower Requirement

 Can be undertaken as a Group

6. Market details

 Local demand i.e. within village is continuous,


 Fish produce is 3,000 Kgs. annually sold @ Rs.35/- per Kg.

 Commercial selling.

 Profit amounts to Rs. 83,000/- annually.

8. Risks & Problems

 Theft problems,  Diseases and ailments  Lack of water in summer.


High. This activity will be most manageable and profitable in a group. 3. PIGGERY

1. Enterprise

PIGGERY

2. Background

 This activity as of now is caste based. Dushadh is the case practicing it but few other castes have also begun to do it.  It is being practised in the rural economy,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a continuous demand.


4. Requisites



Piglets

Rs. 2,500/-



Pig Sty (Bara)

Rs. 2,000/-



Fodder Vessels

Rs. 500/-



Fodder



Medication

Rs. 1200/monthly Rs. 1,500/annually

 Pigs need enough space for rearing  Training for the entrepreneur is a must,  Entrepreneur should have an access to veterinary service,  Insurance of the Piggery is a must.


 2 skilled or semi-skilled workers

6. Market details

 Local demand,


 One pig on 1 quintal weight is sold @ Rs. 5000/-,

 Commercial selling.

 Piglet is sold @ Rs. 400/ Note- Breeding is done twice a year.

8. Risks & Problems

 Diseases and ailments affecting the pigs,


High

 Lack of water during summer.

4. POULTRY 1. Enterprise

POULTRY

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is already being practised,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a continuous demand.


4. Requisites



Chicken @ Rs. 7 per chicken



Medication



Fodder

Rs. 600 /Monthly



Hen Shed + Vessel

Rs. 15,00/-

Rs.1750/- (25 chickens) Rs. 150 /Monthly

 Hen needs space,  Training for the entrepreneur is a must,  Entrepreneur should have an access to veterinary service,  Insurance of the chicken is a must.


 2 skilled or semi skilled workers.

6. Market details

 Local demand i.e. within village is continuous,  Commercial selling.


 Rs. 50 – 60 /- per Kg of the chicken

8. Risks & Problems

 Diseases and ailments of the animal,


High.

 Profit up to Rs. 45/- per kg. Of chicken.

 Lack of fodder during summer,

II - NON - LAND BASED ENTERPRISES A. SERVICE 1. Enterprise

TENT-HOUSE

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  As compared to many others activities, this is a more capital- intensive activity,  It is not a seasonal economic activity, but the demand is the maximum during March to June and October to November.






4. Requisites

Tents, Chairs, table, charpais, shamiana, mattress and quilts, rods and bamboos and daris. Repairs and maintenance

Rs. 25,00030,000 /Rs. 15,002,000 /annually

 Needs a covered area for proper storage.  May need hired transports.  Quality, cleanliness and design of goods should be maintained.


 More than 5 workers  It is more feasible as a group activity.

6. Market details

 Local demand,


 Income is demand based, i.e., a range of Rs. 3,000 – 5,000 /- per order,

8. Risks & Problems

 Spoilage due to storms and rains  Heavy credit taken by many people,  Damages by clients.


Moderate: women can play a role in the management of the enterprise.

1. Enterprise

QUAILT/ MATTERESS MAKING

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is already being practiced,  It is not a seasonal economic activity i.e. 6 –7 months in a year.


4. Requisites



Cloth and Cotton

Rs.11,000/-



Dhunai machine

Rs. 5,000 /-



Electronic Engine (2nd Hand)

Rs. 7,000 /-

 Covered space required for the machines,  Quality and variety should be maintained,  Can be taken on contract basis also.


 3 or more members  Need one skilled dunaiwala for beating the cotton  Need women for the stitching and designing.

6. Market details

 Local demand


 Profit of Rs. 70 – 80 /- per quilt/ mattress

8. Risks & Problems

 Credit taking by customers.


High.

1. Enterprise 2. Background

ELECTRONIC FITTINGS SHOP  This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a continuous demand. Rs.2,000/ Infrastructure Rs. 2,000/ Electrical goods

3. Raw Material & Investment 4. Requisites

5. Manpower Requirement 6. Market details 7. Income and returns 8. Risks & Problems

 Additional income can be made through selling only cotton or giving service of dhulai machine to others

 This activity needs training / apprentices ship to know the trade.  Should be near a place which has better electricity supply  1 worker.  Local market place  Profit of the Rs. 100 to 200 per day.  No major risks

1. Enterprise 2. Background

3. Raw Material & Investment 4. Requisites

5. Manpower Requirement 6. Market details 7. Income and returns 8. Risks & Problems

CYCLE REPAIR SHOP  This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a continuous demand.  Cycle is the most common means of transportation, thereby offering a very wide scope as an income generation activity. Rs.2,000/ Infrastructure (gumti/jhonpri ) Rs. 1,000/ Tool Box and other equipment  This activity needs training / apprentices ship to know the trade.  Should be based on a roadside, at chatti or in market place  One or two skilled workers.  Local demand.  Profit of the Rs. 100 – 150/- per day.  No major risks

1. Enterprise

TEA AND SNACKS SHOP

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has been continuous demands




Infrastructure

Rs. 2,000/-



Utensils, cans and stove

Rs. 500 /-



Eats snacks, milks, etc.

Rs. 500 /(first time investment)



Recurring expenses

Rs. 100 – 150 /- per month

4. Requisites

 Should be based on a roadside, at chatti or in a market place.  Cleanliness, quality and variety should be maintained.


 One or two workers.

6. Market details

 Local demand,


 Earning up to Rs. 150 – 200 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 Creditors.


High

1. Enterprise

TAILORING

2. Background

 It is caste-based activity to some extent; however, other caste people can also take it up. Many women have already begun doing this activity for livelihood.

 Profit goes upto Rs. 75 – 100/- per day.

 It is not a seasonal economic activity has continuous demand, 3. Raw Material & Investment



Stitching machine



Tools and equipment (tape, threads, scissors)

Rs. 500 /-

Furniture

Rs. 1,000 /-



Rs. 2,0002,500/-

4. Requisites

 This activity needs training or apprenticeship to know the trade.  Can be home based or have a separate space.  Quality and neatness of the product should be maintained.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Local demand- within and among nearby villages,


 Income upto Rs. 100 – 150 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 Creditors


High

1. Enterprise

EGG SNACK SHOP

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has been continuous demands  In the months of winter and monsoon, the sale is the maximum.




Infrastructure (Gumti/Jhonpri)

Rs. 2,000/-



Utensils, cans and stove

Rs. 500 /-



Eats spices, eggs, etc.

Rs. 500 /-



Recurring expenses

Rs. 100 –

150 /- per week. 4. Requisites

 Hygiene and cleanliness should be maintained.  Perishables should be consumed before getting spoilt.  Should be based in a market place, chattis, schools, offices, hospitals, stations etc.  Should have the skill to use eggs in a diversified manner.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Local demand,


 Income is about Rs. 350 – 450 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 No major risks


High

 Profit amounts to Rs. 150 – 200/- per day.

B. MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING 1. Enterprise

JUICE SHOP

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has continuous demand. In the months of summer the sale is the maximum.




Infrastructure (Gumti/Jhonpri)



Juice Machine



Fruits

Rs. 2,000 – 2,500/Rs. 1,000 /Rs. 500 /-



Working capital

weekly



Glasses and cans

Rs. 1,500 – 2,000 /- p.m. Rs. 200/-

4. Requisites

 Hygiene and cleanliness should be maintained.  Perishables should be consumed before getting spoiled.  Should be based in a market place, schools, offices, hospitals, stations etc.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Local market place


 Earning up to Rs. 300 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 Loss due to perishability of goods.


Moderate

1. Enterprise

ELECTRONIC CHARKHA

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,

 Profit about Rs. 100 – 150/- per day.

 Supply and availability of fruits on time.

 It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area,  One Charkha is able to do the work of 8-10 women in very little time,  Work is available for 7-8 months continuously in a year.




Rani Charkha Machine

Rs. 10,000/-



Electronic Motor

Rs. 3,000 /-



Electricity Rental

Rs. 235 /monthly

(Availability of raw material, machine & training is from the Gandhi Ashram) 4. Requisites

Rs. 110 /- per kg.

 This activity needs continuous supply of electricity.  Training for the entrepreneur is a must. Shri Gandhi Ashram Utapatti Kendra, Ratnapura, Mau provide it. Duration of training is 3 months and 25 women can be trained in their own village, on the organization‟s Rani Charkha for no charges.  One covered area for the machine ensemble and raw material is required.  Quality control should maintain.


 One trained worker.

6. Market details

 Finished product is bought by Khadi Gramudyog and/or Gandhi Ashram.


 Earning amount to Rs. 150-250 /- per kg. i.e. Rs. 2,500/- per month.

8. Risks & Problems

 Erratic electricity supply


High

1. Enterprise

FOOD PRESERVATION

2. Background

 This activity is NOT caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area,  FOODMATE is a food processing industry with a range of 47 different items (jam, noodles, pickles, sauce, vinegar, preserved fruits, murabba, etc.). The industry is based in Ballia District and employs a large number of manpower alongside the heavy investment in capital.  FOODMATE offers scope for women to work on contact manufacturing where in the infrastructure, raw material and training in provided by the industry. Other aspects like marketing are also given on contact basis to individuals. The industry gives a buy-back guarantee on manufacturing and marketing.  FOODMATE also provides training to groups/individuals incase they want to set up their own concerns.  If any group/SHG wants to start their own ancillary processing unit, FOODMATE provides full technical know how, infrastructure support and by-back guarantee. For setting up such a unit, KVIB extends loan up to Rs. 1-1.5 lac.  SGSY First grading Group can start a small unit of chana grinding with an initial investment of Rs. 5,000 – 6,000/-. For this, FOODMATE provides the technical know-how, and buy-back guarantee.

3. Requisites

 Training and technical knowledge is necessary in this field.  Quality should be given special attention.


 Can be taken as individual activity.  Can include a group in an ancillary unit.


 Profit in contact – manufacturing goes up to 50%.  Profit in contact – marketing amount to 20-25%.  Profit in auxiliary unit goes up to 50-55%.

6. Risks & Problems 7. Feasibility for women

 Timely receipt if raw material, production and timely supply of finished product, High

A-

TRADING

1. Enterprise

DAILY UTILITY GOODS SHOP

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has continuous demand,  Will contains items which are in daily use in rural household like; broomsticks, ropes, jholas,(bags) buckets, baskets and some hand held agricultural equipment, crude kitchen utensils, etc.


1- Infrastructure ( Gumti/Jhonpri)

Rs. 2,500/-

2- Saleable Material

Rs. 7,000/-

4. Requisites

 Supply and quality of goods should be maintained.  Should be based in a market place.  Should be open to inclusion of more and more goods according to demand pattern.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Local demand


 Earning of Rs. 250-300 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 No major risks.

 Profit amounting to Rs. 50- 57 /- per day.


High: women already have traditional skills of rope making, weaving, etc. This will help them in the trade.

1. Enterprise

PROVISION STORE

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area,  The store will contain petty items of everyday household needs, like – soaps, pulse, grains, kerosene oil, sugar, sweets for children, hair oil, tooth brush, blade, washing powder, etc.


1- Infrastructure (Gumti)

Rs. 2,000/-

2- Saleable items

Rs. 8,000/-

4. Requisites

 Supply and quality of goods should be maintained.  Should be based in a market place or chatti.  Should be open to inclusion of more and more goods according to demand pattern.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Local demand


 Profit margin Rs. 100-150 /- per day.  Daily income Rs. 250.

8. Risks & Problems

 Credits only.


High

1. Enterprise

ANIMAL FEED SHOP

2. Background

 This activity is not caste specific/ restricted,  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has high demand in this area  The items to be kept in this establishment will be choker, khadi, dalia, khari, etc.


1- Infrastructure (Gumti/Jhonpri)

Rs. 2,000/-

2- Animal feed

Rs. 8,000/-

4. Requisites

 Should be based in a market place, village or chatti.  Should be easily accessible where animal husbandry is a popular activity.  In addition to animal feed, other items like animal bells, ropes, vessels can be kept for more returns.  Branded animal feed can be brought in wholesale and sold at retails rates by the entrepreneur.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Very high local demand


 Earning amount to Rs. 200-250 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 No risks.


High:

1. Enterprise

COSMETIC STORE (Manihari)

2. Background


 Profit goes to Rs. 100- 150 /- per day.

 It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area,  The items to be kept in this establishment will include bangles. Bindis, undergarments for women and children, nail paints, lips sticks, eyesoot, talc powders, hail oil wool, knitting, needles, threads, pins and other petty items.  Because of the marriage season, the business is very profitable for about 7-8 months in a year. 3. Raw Material & Investment

1- Infrastructure (Gumti/Jhonpri)

Rs. 2,000/-

2- Saleable items

Rs. 2,0003,000/-

4. Requisites

 Can be home based also.  Supply and quality of goods should be maintained.  Variety should be paid special attention.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 High local demand


 Income up to Rs. 150-200 /- per day.

8. Risks & Problems

 Creditors.


High

1. Enterprise

VEGITABLE AND FRUITS SELLING

2. Background


 Profit amounting to Rs. 100/- per day.

 It is not a seasonal economic activity and has continuous demand,  The items to be kept in this activity will include seasonal fruits and vegetables. 3. Raw Material & Investment

1- Infrastructure (Gumti/Thela)

Rs. 2,000/-

2- Saleable items

Rs. 1,000/-

4. Requisites

 Should be based in a market or chatti.  Should pay special attention to variety, freshness and pricing of items.  Raw material can be purchased at wholesale rates from mandis and sold at retail rates. Farm production can be sold as well.


 One worker.

6. Market details




8. Risks & Problems

 Availability of fruits and vegetables,

 Profit amounts to Rs. 100-150 /- per day.

 Price fluctuations,  Perishability of goods.


High

1. Enterprise

FOOTWEAR SHOP

2. Background

 Selling of footwear can be done by other caste members.  It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area,  The items to be kept in this establishment will include, shoes, slippers, socks, laces, slipperstraps for men, women and children.


4. Requisites


Rs. 2,000/-

2- Shoe racks

Rs. 1,000/-

3- Saleable footwear

Rs. 2,000/-

 Should be based in a market or chatti.  Should pay special attention to variety of design and sizes, and pricing of items.  Should also keep some local brands.


 One worker.

6. Market details



 Profit amounts of Rs. 7 /- per pairs.

8. Risks & Problems

 Change in trend and leftover items.


Moderate.

1. Enterprise

CLOTH STORE

2. Background


 Income goes up to Rs. 250- 300 /- per day.

 Creditors.

 It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area.  This item to be kept in this establishment will include, dress material, sari, gamcha and other items by demand.  Because of the marriage and festivals, the business is very profitable for about 8- 9 months in a year. 3. Raw Material & Investment


Rs. 2,000/-

2- Saleable items

Rs. 2,500/-

4. Requisites

 Should be based in a market or chatti.  Should pay special attention to variety, quality and pricing of items.  Material can be purchased at wholesale rates from mandis and sold at retail rates.  Material needs to be kept according to the season, fashion and demand.


 One worker.

6. Market details




8. Risks & Problems

 Change in trend and leftover items,


High.

1. Enterprise

STATIONERY SHOP

2. Background


 Profit amounts to Rs. 150- 200/- per day.

 Creditors.

 It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area.  This item to be kept in this establishment will include books, copies, pens, pencils, inks, erasers, sharpeners, charts, tennis balls, ludo etc.  This establishment is most active during new school session. 3. Raw

3- Infrastructure (Gumti)

Rs. 2,000/-

Material & Investment

4- Saleable items

Rs. 3,0004,000/-

4. Requisites

 Should be near a school or at the market.


 One worker.

6. Market details




8. Risks & Problems

 No major problems


Moderate.

1. Enterprise

UTENSILS SHOP

2. Background



 It is not a seasonal economic activity and has a good demand in this area.  This item to be kept in this establishment will include steel or aluminum plates, bowls, glasses, cooking, utensils and some glass or plastic items. 3. Raw Material & Investment

5- Infrastructure (Gumti/Thela )

Rs. 2,000/-

6- Saleable items

Rs. 3,000-

4,000/4. Requisites

 Should be based in a market or chatti.  Should pay special attention to variety, quality and pricing of items based on local demand.


 One worker.

6. Market details

 Good local demand



8. Risks & Problems

 No major risks.


High


●

Appendix C MAPS 1. UTTAR PRADESH

2. BAALLIA(UTTAR PRADESH)

Bibliography BOOKS EDITOR

TITLE

NAME OF PUBLISHER

YEAR

Geo. W. Briggs

The Chamars

Association Press 5, Russell Streets, Calcutta

1920

Almeida, Leslie J.

The Indian Church and the Invincible Virus of Casteism

New Delhi : ISI

1993

Ambedkar, B.R.

Annihilation of Caste : With A Reply to Mahatma Gandhi

Jullunder : Bheem Patrika Publications

1971

Arokiasamy, A.

Faith that Does Justice

Religion and Society.

1990

Malickal, John

Caste in India Today

CSA Publications 64, Miller‟s Road, Bangalore

1980

Heredero, J.M.

Rural Development and Social Change

Manohar Book Service 2, Ansari Road, Dariyaganj, New Delhi

1977

Ambroise, Yvon

Empowering the Poor

Caritas India, CBCI Ashok Place, New Delhi

1992

──

Theology of Liberation

Indian Theological Studies.

1987

Onton, J. H.

Caste in India: Its Nature, Function and Origins

New York: Oxford University Press

1963

Buhler, G.

The Laws of Manu

Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi

1990

Ould, Herold A.

The Hindu Caste System: The Sacralization of a Social Order.

Chanakya Publications, Delhi

1987

Govindarajan, Saraswathy

Caste, Women and Violence

UELCI, Madras

1992

Joshi, Barbara R.

Untouchables: Voices of the Dalit Liberation Movement

Select Book Service Syndicate, New Delhi

1986

Kananaikil, Jose

Marginalization and Institutionalization of Change

Indian Social Institute, New Delhi

1983

──

The Caste System: The Indian Name for Explotation


1983

Padmanaban, A.

Dalits at The CrossRoads: Their Struggle Past and Present

Poompugar Pathippagam

1996

Bharadwaz, A. N.

Problem of ST and SC Light and Life in India Publications 2428, Tilak Street Paharganj, New Delhi

1979

Singh, S.K.

Dalit Women: Socio Economic Status and Issues

2000

New Royal Book Co. 1st floor, Shah Business Centre, 32/16, Lalbagh, Hazratganj,

Lucknow

Shaw, E.C.

The Church and Development Work among Rural Poor

Lucknow Publication House, 37, Cantonment Road, Lucknow

1982

Kannanikil, Jose

Scheduled Caste Converts and Social Disabilities

Indian Social Institute Lodhi Road, New Delhi

1990

Alexander, Anna Vareed

Biblical Women: Our Foremothers: Women‟s Perspectives.

Satprakashan, Sanchar Kendra, Indore

1997

Raja, R.J.

You Are Free.

NBCLC, Bangalore

1993

Gray, John

Men are From Mars Women are From Venus

Harper Collins Publishers India Pvt. Ltd., 7/16 Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi

1993

Smelser, Niel J.

The Sociology of Economic Life

Mamoria, C.B

Social Problem and Social Disorganization in India

Agnihotri, S.

Uttaranchal and Uttar Pradesh at a Glance

Jagran Research Centre, Kanpur.

2003

Bogaert & Das

Group Entrepreneurship with the Rural Poor


1989

Devasia & Devasia

Empowering Women for Sustainable Development

Ashish Publishing Home, New Delhi

1994

Jumani, U

Dealing with Poverty

Stage Publication, New Delhi

1991

Madhuri, N

Rural Women Work Force in India

B.R. Publication, Delhi

2003

Muhannad, Y

Grameen Bank Project in Bangladesh 1982 – A Poverty Focused Rural Development Program

The Imperial Press, Dhaka

1982

Nisha, C.

Employment: Documentation on Women‟s Conference New Delhi Women‟s Conference

Lokabodhan Kendra, New Delhi

1995

Zubir, M

Empowering Rural Women

Aakar Books, Delhi

2003

Gabriele, Dietrich

Dalit Movements and Women‟s Movement in Reflection on the Women‟s Movement in India , New Delhi

Horizones India Books.

1992

Jogdand, P.G.

Dalit Women: Issues and Perspectives

Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi

1995

Prakash, Nirupama

Scheduled Caste: Socio-Economic Changes

Chugh Publication, Allahabad

1989

Tripathi, Revati Ballav

Dalits: A Sub-Human Society.

Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi

2002

Bhaghawan Das, James Nassey

Dalit Solidarity

ISPCK, Delhi

1995

Dr. Hoshiar Singh, Dr. A. S. Malik

Socio-Economic Development Scheduled Caste in India

Aalekh Publisher, Jaipur

2001

Harshad R. Trivedi

Scheduled Caste Women: Studies in Exploitation

Anand Nagar, Delhi

1977

S. Vijaya Kumar, D. Vashudeva Rao R. Venkata Ravi

Emancipation of Masses for Social Development

Serials Publications, New Delhi

2002

G. K. Ghosh Shukla Ghosh

Dalit Women

APH Publishing Corporation, 5, Ansari Road Dariyaganj, New Delhi

1997

Mumtaj Ali Khan

Scheduled Caste and their Status in India

S. L. Sagar

Cluster of Conception

Sagar Publications 223, Dariabagh Mainpuri, U.P.

1987

P. C. Jain, Sashi Jain, Shudha Bhatanagar

Scheduled Caste Women

Rawat Publication, Jaipur

1997

Nandu Ram

Beyond Ambedakar : Essays on Dalit in India

Har- Anand Publications

1995

S.D. Singh

The Catholic Missionaries of India

Ashok Prakashan, New Delhi

1990

Peter Tete

A Short History of the Expressions of the Catholic Missions in North India

Ranchi, Jesuit Society

1997

Fr. Vannini O.F.M. Cap.

Hindustan-Tibal Mission

New Delhi

1981

Fr. Fulgentius

Bishop Hartmann

St. Paul‟s Publications,

1962

1980

Allahabad Pereira B.J.

Historical Sketch of Allahabad Diocese

Allahabad

1940

Ramashray Roy

Dalit, Development and Democracy

Victor Sunderaj

Scheduled Castes of Rural India: Problems and Prospects

Ansari Road Daryaganj, New Delhi

2000

Das, Bhagawan

Slavery and Untouchability: Which is Worse?

Devi Dayal, Delhi

1989

C. Hemalata Prasad

Emancipation of Masses for Social Development

Serials Publications Civil Line, New Delhi

1993

John C. B. Webster Dalit in Modern India: Who is a Dalit?

1995

R.R. Prasad

Readings on Scheduled Castes: Profile of the Scheduled Caste

Social Institute of Rural Development, Jendra Nagar, Hyderabad

1998

Zelliot

Program: Ambedkar Gyan Publications, and the Empowerment New Delhi of Women.

──

From Untouchable to Dalit: Essays on The Ambedkar Movement

Manohar, Delhi

1996

Prakash Louis

Political Sociology of Dalit Assertion,

Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi

2003

──

Nai Arthic Neeti Aur Dalit


2001

Prem Kapadia

Dalit Uthpeedan: Uttar Pradesh ki Dastan

Bhartiya Samazik Sansthan, New Delhi

2001

Prem Kapadia, Dr. Prakash Louis

Nai Sadi Bhi Tor Nahi Bhartiya Samazik Payee Uttar Pradesh Sansthan, New Main Achhutpan Ko Delhi

2001

Dr. Ramesh Chaube, Dr. Kalpana Saini

Status of Women in Rural Societies.

Gyan Books Pvt. Ltd. 5, Ansari Road, Dariyaganj, New Delhi

2002

Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen

Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspective

Oxford Uni. Press, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi

1996

Mary Grey

Redeeming the Dream Gujarat Sahitya Prakash Anand, Gujarat.

2000

Dr. A. Desai

The Original Indians: An Enquiry.

Media House Mayur Vihar, Phase –1, New Delhi

2001

A. Sebastian

The Sinless Jesus and The Dalits

Intercultural Publications, New Delhi

2003

Jacob Srambickal

Voice to the Voiceless: The power of the People‟s Theatre in India

2/6 Ansari Road Dariyaganj, New Delhi

1998

Bhave. Sumitra

Pan on Fire: Eight Dalit Women Tell their Story


1988

Joshi. Barbara R.

Untouchable: Voice of the Dalit Liberation on Movement

Select Book Service Syndicate, New Delhi

1986

Bhatia. K. L.

Social Justice of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Deep and Deep Publication, Delhi

1995

Iyer Vir. Krishna

Dr. Ambedkar and Dalit Future

B.R. Publishing Co., Delhi

1990

Prasad. Ravi D. M.

Dalit Youth: A Sociological Study

A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi

1997

Prasad. Matha

Uttar Pradesh ki Dalit Jatioyn ka Dastawej

Delhi Kitab Ghar, Delhi

1995

Pai. Sudha

Dalit Assertion and Unfinished Democratic Revolution. The Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh: Cultural Subordination and the Dalit Challenge.

Sage Publication, New Delhi

2002

Shiva Prakasam. M. N.

Dalits and Social Mobilization

Rajat Publication, New Delhi

2002

Kumar. Vijendra

Rise of Dalit Power in India

A.B.D. Publishers, Jaipur

2003

Muralidharan. V.

Educational Priorities and Dalit Society

Kanishka Publication, Distributers, Delhi

1997

Rajshekhar. V. T.

Christians and Dalit Liberation

Dalit Sahitya Academy, Banglore

1986

Fernandis. Walter

The Emerging Dalit Identity


1996

Massey. James

Dalits in India: Religion as a Source of Bondage or Liberation with Special Reference to Christians

Manohar, New Delhi

1995

──

Roots: A Concise History of Dalits

ISPCK, Delhi

1991

Moses, Rani

Empowering Women

UELCI, Madras

1992

Nath, T.

Politics and Depressed Classes

Deputy Publications, Delhi.

1987

Ayrookuzhiel, Abraham A.M.

The Dalit Desiayata: The Kerala Experience in Development and Class Struggle

ISPCK, Delhi

1990

B. R. Ambedkar

Writings and Speeches.

Government of Maharastra: Education Department

1989

Berreman, Gerald, D.

Caste and other Inequalities: Essays on Inequality

Folklore Institute, Merrut

1979

D‟Souza, Patrick

Varanasi Diocese at The Service of the People: Looking Forward, 1985-1995.

Mid Term – Edition

1992

D‟Souza, Victor, S. The Religious Factor and the Scheduled Caste


1983

Dangle, Arjun

Poisoned Bread: Translations from Modern Marathi Dalit Literature

Orient Longman Limited, Bombay

1992

Das, Bhagawan

Untouchability, Scheduled Castes and National Building.


1983

Devdas, Rajammal P.

Women and Development

UELCI, Madras

1992

Devasahayam, V.

Pollution, Poverty and Powerlessness

UELCI, Madras

1992

Senart, Emile

Caste in India: The Facts and the System

Ess Ess Publications, Delhi

1975

Shetty, Rajshekhar, V. T.

Class-Caste Struggle

Dalit Action Committee, Bangalore

1980

──

To Break the Shackle and the Bondage

Dalit Movement, Karanataka

1981

──

Apartheid in India: A Document for Foreigners

Dalit Action Committee, Bangalore

1978

Singh, R. G.

The Depressed Classes of India: Problems and Prospects

B. R. Publishing, Corporation, New Delhi

1986

Sinha R. K.

Alienation Among Scheduled Castes

Manas Publicatios, Delhi

1986

Telang, Kashinath Trimbak

The Bhagawad Gita: With the Sanatsujatiaya and the Anugita

Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi

1990

Rajshekhar. V. T.

Christians and Dalit Liberation: What the Church Can Do?

Dalit Sahitya Academy, Bangalore

1987

Lal. A. K.

Dalit in Action

Concept Publication, New Delhi

1997

Jain. P.C. and Other

Scheduled Caste Women

Rawat Publication, New Delhi

1997

Program for Scheduled Caste

Dalit Organization: A Directory: Program for Schedules Castes


1990

Massey. James

Down Trodden: The Struggle of India‟s Dalit for Identify. Solidarity and Liberation

Risk/WCC, Geneva

1997

──

Roots, A Concise History of the Dalits

CISRS, Bangalore

1990

Sangwan. Omprakash (Ed.)

Dalit Society and the Challenge of Development

Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi.

1996

Pawan,

Eneyclopadeia of

Kalpaz

Dr. Sanjay Jaideva Dr. Pramanshi

Dalits in India Emancipation and Empowerment, Vol. 8

Publications, Delhi

Stanislaus. I.

ISPCK, Delhi The Liberation Mission of the Church Among Dalit Christians

Lal, A. K.

Dalit in Action: An Evaluation of Bihar Dalit Vikas Samiti

Concept Publishing House, New Delhi

1997

Prasad, Chander Bhan

Vishwasghat: Swatantra Bharat Ne Daliton Ke Liya Kya Kiya Hai?

D. S. A. Prakashan, Patna

1999

Gautam, Dr, Ram Avatar

Apne Astitwa Ke Liye Indian Social Institute, New Sangharshrat Delhi

Prasad, Vijoy

Untouchable Freedom: a Social History of a Dalit Community

Oxford University Press, New Delhi

2000

Mohan, J.

History of Dalit Struggle for Freedom: Dravidian Parties and Dalit Uprise

DISS, Pondicheri

2001

1999

2001

JOUNRALS Ajit, K. S.

Contemporary Social Work

A Critical Look at the Unemployment Situation in Uttar Pradesh and Employment Generation Program., 18 (4), 11-20

2001

Alfaro, Juan

God Protects and Librates the Poor

Concilium, 187

1986

Jaya, A.

Microfinance in Kerala

Kurukshetra, 48(11), 16-21

2000

Khan, Mumtaj Social Conditions of Ali the Scheduled Caste,

Journal of Dharma

1991

Laxmi, R.

Self-Help Groups: Innovations in Financing the Poor

Kurukshetra, November, 2001, 2629

2001

Barreto, D.

Analysis of the Present Situation in India, Verbum , 17

Verbum

1976

Ayrookuzhiel, Abraham A.M.

Religion and Culture in Dalit‟s Struggle for Liberation

Religion and Society

1986

──

The Ideological Nature of the Emerging Dalit Consciousness


1990

──

Towards a Creation of a Counter Culture : Problems and Possibilities

JEST and TTS

1990


1990

Cheterji. Saral Some Aspects of Dalit K. Ideology Ojha, R.K.

Generation of selfemployment in Rural are through Promotion and Strengthening of Self-help Groups. Contemporary Social Work, 18(4), 73-81

2001

Patel, A. R.

Rural Credit System Need for Restructuring

Kurukshetra, 50(2), 16-21.

2001

Radhkrishna, R

Women‟s Groups Herald a Wind of Change in Rural Uttaranchal


2005

Sarkar A.N.

Innovations in Micro Finance.

Kurukshetra, 50,(2), 2-8

2001

Singh V. S.

Agriculture Production and Productivity Trends in U.P.: A Diagnostic Study. Man and Development, 26(3), 167-178.

2004

Thakuria, N.

The Growing Mission of Self- helping.

Ushvinder, R.

SHGs Milestone of the Paths of Empowerment of Women. Contemporary Social Work, 20(4),31-38s

Wilfred, Felix

Sunset in the East?

Chair of Christianity, University of Madras.

1991

Rayan, Samuel

Outside the Gate Sharing the Insult

Jeevndhara.

1981

Yadav, D.

Emerging A Venues in Rural Banking.


2005

NABARAD (Report)

Report of Micro Finance.

Regional office, Mumbai

2003

NABARAD (Report)

Ballia District Report.

Regional office, Lucknow

2004

Rev. Dr. Becket D‟souza

12 years of Journey in Empowering Women

KROSS, Post Box No. 4642 Nandi Durga Road, Bangalore

2002

R.K. Bhargaw

Mahilayein Aur Rajneetic Shashaktikaran

Abraham, A. S.

Protecting the Weak: Wrong Kind of Concessions

The Times of India

Acharya,

Uplift of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Modern Review 129 (4) 288-90

Kurukshetra, 53(3), 38-40.

2005 2003

Aug. 7, 1973 1971

Anil Kumar

Tribes – Plea for a Planned Program

Bhatt, G. S.

The Chamars of Lucknow

Eastern Anthropologist 8 (1) , 27-41

1954

Chaudhary, Binay Bhushan

Agrarian Movements in A. R. Desai , Bengal and Bihar 1919- Bombay: Oxford Uni. Press 39

1979

In Peasant Struggles in India, pp. 337-74 Northern Regional Forum

Uttar Kshetriya Samaj Vikas Kendra: Gender and Development

Noida, Uttar Pradesh

1999

R. R. Prasad

Profile of the Scheduled Caste

Jendra Nagar, Hyderabad

Prof. S.K. Thorat

Program National Seminar: „Ambedkar in Retrospect‟

Vidyanagari, Mumbai

1998

Veena Tucker

Theoretical Perspectives of Women‟s Empowerment and the Role of NGOs

Women‟s Link: Lodhi Road New Delhi

Jul – Sept. 2003

Fatima Hussain

Women‟s Empowerment: A Historical Profile in India


Jul – Sept. 2003

Santosh Nandal

Women‟s Empowerment Perspectives: A Critical Analysis


Jul – Sept. 2003

Daisy Sales

Women‟s Empowerment through Education in South Asia


Jan– Mar. 2005

──

International Women‟s Day

Sararswati Raju Iyer

Status of Dalit Women- Women‟s Link: Lodhi Road New Need for Delhi Empowerment

Jul – Sept. 2004

Noor Mohammad and Mohammad Shahid

Rethinking Women‟s Participation, Empowerment and Gender Equality: A Micro Analysis


Jul – Sept. 2004

Archana, S.

Contemporaty Social Work, Role of the Government in Promoting Rural Credit Institutions in India.

Women‟s Link , Lodhi Road New Delhi

2004

A. Rizwana

Role of Self Helf Groups in Empowering Dalit Women


Jan – Mar. 2006

P. G. Jogdand

Program: National Seminar on: Dr. Ambedkar‟s Views on Women‟s Question

Gyan Publication New Delhi

1998

V. Mohini Giri

Empowerment of Women: An Overview.


Jul – Sept. 2003

Kanwalpreet Kaur

Human Rights Education for True Empowerment of Women.


Jan – Mar. 2005

Nirmal Tikku

Empowered Women Field Workers: The ICDS way.


Jan – Mar. 2005

Indian Currents

Mar 2005

Archana Chaturvedi

Education and Empowerment of Women.


Jan – Mar. 2005

Shankar Chatarjee

Empowering Women Through Micro Finance: A Study.


Jul – Sept. 2004

Arokiasamy, S.

Human Rights: Collective Societal and Liberation Perspectives

Jeevandhara

1991

──

The Challenge of a Violent Society

Vidyajyoti

1991

Amorise, Yvon

Theology of Liberation

Indian Theological Studies

1987

Desmond, Edward W.

The Revolution Against Caste

Time Magazine

1992

UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Atihikalam, C

Empowerment of Women through Selfhelp Groups

Master‟s Dissertation College of Social Work, Mumbai.

2002

ASK (report)

Study on Identification of ASK, New Delhi Viable Micro Enterprises in Mau and Ballia District, U.P.

2003

Britto, J.

A Study of Women‟s Organization Involved in Empowering Women through Income Generation Activity.

1997


Jessykutty, A.

Women‟s Income Generation Activities in Creative Handicrafts.


1997

PGCS (Report)

Purvanchal Gramin Chetana Samiti-annual Report

Centre for Rural Development, Ballia, U.P.

2003

Pantawane, Gangadhar, V.

New Development in Dalit Culture: Evolving a New Identity

Center for Social Studies, University Campus, Surat.

1988

●

Chapter 1

Introduction

Chapter 2

Socio-Economic Status of Women in India: A Review

Chapter 3

Status of Dalit Women: A Review

Chapter 4

The Concept and Profile of Women’s Empowerment in India

Chapter 5

Economic Empowerment of Dalit Women through Mediated Changes

Chapter 6

Conclusion and Policy Suggestions

Appendices

Bibliography

About the Author: “Bloom where you are planted “,with this vision, the author is contended to serve the people of God, especially the marginalized and voiceless people, is in this field for the last 28 years. He is a graduate from Nagpur University and a post graduate from Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi. He has a degree in Bachelor of Education from Mumbai University with additional qualification of Philosophy and Theology. While carrying out the field study, he was moved by the pathetic condition of the respondents, who simply repose their faith in him as one who could be sensitive to their conditions. Hence he could bring out some practical economic measures such as “Ashtapath” and advocated SHG‟s mediation as powerful means to empower the powerless.

Appendix A

Appendix A

Suggest Documents

APPENDIX A APPENDIX A: TOBIN FRAMEWORK CATEGORIES

appendix a appendix a: tobin framework categories

APPENDIX A

Appendix A

Appendix A

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

APPENDIX A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

Appendix A

APPENDIX A PERIODICALS1 This appendix provides ...

Appendix A Industry Survey

Appendix A