International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 6-8, 2016, India
Automated Toll Collection System Using GPS and GPRS Sudheer Kumar Nagothu Abstract—Developing countries like India needs a significant improvement in infrastructure such as Roads or Highways. Construction of these highways is a costly affair, which can’t be invested by the government alone. Normally Public private partnerships are made to construct such a huge projects. The money spent on these projects can be regained by collecting toll from the passengers who use the roads. The toll collection system, especially in India faces some problems such as long queue lines, escaping from toll plazas etc. These systems can service only 300 vehicles per hour, and if more than that number of vehicles arrive at that plaza, server traffic jams may occur. To solve this we are proposing to create geofences using GPS by giving latitude and longitude of the corner of the toll plaza. By comparing the position of the vehicle and toll plaza, the owner of the vehicle can be charged from the account
II. INTRODUCTION TO GPS AND GSM The GPS is used here to find the position of the vehicle accurately, using triangulation technique. The GPRS kit in the vehicle is used to transmit the location of the vehicle to the server. Each GPRS has a unique SIM (Subscriber identity module), which is used to uniquely identify the vehicle. The position of the vehicle is checked against the geo feces of the toll plaza, and if they come in that rage, the amount will be debited from the account of the vehicle owner. The hardware kit of card is given in Fig 1. The GPS and GPRS are integrated using ARM microcontroller. The GPS position information is sent to the server using GPRS. The block diagram representation is given in Fig. 2.
Index Terms— toll collection; geo-fences; GPS
I. INTRODUCTION
T
he toll collection is a phenomena to get back the investment made on the infrastructure from the people who are using it. In Indian scenario, there are problems faced in collecting the toll such as no uniformity of toll rate throughout the various sections of Indian highways. The fare is also not uniform because these agencies are normally operated by a private organization, and there are many complaints from the people such as under charging or over charging. There are so many allegations against these private agencies for nonreporting/under-reporting of the toll fee. Due to limitations of service of the vehicle of the toll plazas which is around 300 vehicles per hour, there are problems of large traffic jams, crowding and congestion of vehicles, which leads to both a waste of fuel and time. This paper is formed as follows Section II presents the introduction to GPS and GSM, Section III presents system working and their discussion. Finally the paper is concluded with Section IV.
Fig. 1. Hardware of the card to be in the vehicle
GPS
ARM
GPRS
Power Fig. 2. Block diagram of card
III. SYSTEM WORKING Sudheer Kumar Nagothu is with the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, GMR institute of technology, Rajam, Andhra Pradesh,532127. He is a research scholar with Division of Avionics, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Anna University Chennai, (MIT campus) India, (Email
[email protected])
A. Technical Requirements For this system to work well, the vehicle which is fitted with this system must be represented separately, for e.g., by providing separate color for number plate of the car, and
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providing separate line for this type of car at the toll plaza to get serviced at a fast rate. The kit designed for this application is given in the Fig. 1, where GPS ad GPRS are combined using the ARM controller. By using “always on feature” of GPRS the location of the vehicle can send to the server. It requires 1GB internet data, which costs less than 100 INR in Indian Scenario. B. Flow of the System working The GPS latitude and longitude data from the device which is shown in the Fig. 3 will be sent to the server continuously.
Fig. 4. Vehicle Database
Start
Mobile cell tower gathers vehicle information using SIM Compare vehicle position with toll plaza position
Less than 200m
NO
If YES add to data base
Fig. 3. GPS readings in HyperTerminal
Vehicle Data base updating
The toll gate latitude and longitude are stored in the database. For this application we have used SIM from a same company, staring with a unique 5 numbers. The sixth digit may represent the vehicle registration state, the Seventh and eight digits may represent vehicle registration district, and the 10th number can give type of Vehicle i.e. whether it is a heavy vehicle, or small vehicle etc... The mobile tower is located at the toll plaza, and the information of the vehicles which comes near the rage of the mobile tower located at the toll plaza will be stored in a temporary database. The position of the vehicles in the range of mobile tower, will be compared with the position of the toll plaza, when it’s less than 200 m, the vehicle database is updated, i.e. vehicle information is added to the database as shown in Fig. 4. Now these vehicle information is once again comrade one by one, which are stored in ascending order of distance. When the distance between vehicle and toll plaza is less than 5 meters, amount will debited from the account of the vehicle owner, which will be acknowledged with a SMS to the customer, and the barrier is lifted and also the number is immediately removed from the data base. If there is no balance in the account of a customer, the bill can be sent to the vehicle owner home with fine, which should be paid immediately or else the vehicle may be seized. The position of the vehicle is compared with the toll plaza position using haversine formula, and if the vehicle is within the range of toll plaza, amount will be taken from the account of the person
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Remove From database
Compare Vehicle position with toll gate position
Less than 5 m
NO
YES
Deduct the toll money by analyzing last 5 digits of the SIM number
Sufficient toll money
Email or message about balance deduction is send to the user
Email/ message is sent to the owner to pay the bill, or to recharge their account
Lift the barrior
Fig. 5. Flow Chart
I2 I1
) cos(I2 ) * cos(I1 ) sin 2 (
a
sin 2 (
d
2 * RE * a tan 2(
2
a ) (1 a)
O2 O1 2
)
Where I 1, λ1 is latitude & longitude of present position,
I 2,
λ2 is latitude & longitude of toll plazza position and RE is radius of earth (around 6371000 meters), and all angles are in radians. Distance in meters is given by d.When the distance d is less than 200 meters the vehicle information is stored in the database, in ascending order of distance. A record of the vehicle journey can also be maintained for any future check, or if there is any complaint from the owner because of over charge. In Indian scenario, drivers tries to skip the toll plazas, by taking alternate routes, these alternate routes also can be geo referenced, and it can be found when they try to escape from toll plazas and they can be heavily fined. IV. CONCLUSION A method has been proposed to collect toll fee from the owners of the vehicle. Wastage of time and fuel because of the large traffic jams has been solved by implementing toll collection using GPS. Each vehicle is identified uniquely by SIM of the GPRS, and the amount is debited from the respective account of the vehicle’s owner, which is acknowledged by the SMS/ Email to owner of the vehicle. Since everything is computerized, the under charge or over charge collection of toll by private agencies is solved. A uniform fare can be collected throughout the country REFERENCES [1]
[2]
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Sudheer Kumar Nagothu, Om prakash kumar, G Anitha, "Autonomous monitoring and attendance system using inertial navigation system and GPRS in predefined location",2014 3rd International Conference on Eco-friendly Computing and Communication Systems (ICECCS), Year: 2014,Pages: 261 - 265, DOI: 10.1109/Eco-friendly.2014.60 Sudheer Kumar Nagothu .G.Anitha, Annapantula Sudhakar, "Navigation aid for pepole (Joggers and runners) in unfamiliar urban environment using Inertial Navigation", 2014 Sixth International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC), Year: 2014, Pages: 216 219, DOI: 10.1109/ICoAC.2014.7229713 http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=110744 Sanchit Agarwal, Shachi Gupta, Nidheesh Sharma” Electronic Toll Collection System Using Barcode Laser Technology”, International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 3, Issue 2, March – April 2014 pages 180-182 Frank Thornton, Brad Haines & Anand M. Das “RFID Security” Syngress publishing, Canada, April,2006. Patrick J. Sweeney II “RFID for Dummies” Wiley Publishing, Inc. Indiana ISBN: 0-7645-7910-X, 2005. Himanshu Bhatt, Bill Glover “RFID Essentials” publisher: O’Reilly. January 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll_road http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_J ersey
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