Caderno Pesquisa Bio - Volume 16-1 - TSpace

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Estimation of Heritability of Some Important Traits...

ESTIMATION OF HERITABILITY OF SOME IMPORTANT TRAITS IN SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) Waqas Manzoor Bhutta Javaid Akhtar M. Anwar-ul-Haq* Muhammad Ibrahim

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BHUTTA, W. M. et al.

para heterose de altura da planta, enquanto que heterose não significante foi observada para os demais caracteres em estudo, exceto AS-2002 X SH-2002 e Pasban-90 X AS-2002 para espigas por planta, SH-2002 X AS -2002 para espiguetas por espiga e Chenab-2000 X Rohtas -90 para comprimento da espiga.

Palavra-chave: trigo, heterose, produção.

INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT Heterosis studies in 10 F wheat hybrids involving seven genotypes viz, AS1 2000, Pasban-90, SH-2002, AQAB-2000, Chenab-2000, Inqbal-91 and Rohtas90 were carried out in the experimental area of the Saline Agriculture Research Center, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. All the traits studied showed highly significant genetic variability present in the experimental material. Most of the crosses showed significant heterosis over mid and better parents for plant height , whereas non- significant heterosis was observed over mid and better parents for remaining traits under study except AS-2002 X SH-2002 and Pasban-90 X AS2002 for spikes per plant, SH-2002 X AS -2002 for spikelets per spike and Chenab-2000 X Rohtas -90 for spike length. Keywords: wheat, heterosis, yields components.

RESUMO Foram desenvolvidos estudos de heterose em 10 híbridos de trigo F1 envolvendo 7 genótipos (AS-2000, Pasban-90, SH-2002, AQAB-2000, Chenab2000, Inqbal-91 e Rohtas-90) na área experimental do Saline Agriculture Research Center, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Paquistão. Todos os tratamentos estudados apresentaram variabilidade genética altamente significante presente no material estudado. A maioria dos cruzamentos apresentou heterose significante ________________ * Centre of advanced Genetics and Saline Agriculture, (CAGSA),University of Agriculture Faisalabad,38040,Pakistan Corresponding Author’s email address: [email protected] Caderno de Pesquisa Sér. Bio., Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 17, n. 1, p. 21-27, jan./jun . 2005

Being a staple food, wheat has occupied a lot of area in Pakistan. The need and importance of wheat is increasing day by day due to the increase in human. Population Therefore it is the basic need of the day to boost up per unit area wheat production to meet the increasing food demand of the population. During the year 2003-04 wheat was cultivated on an area of 8069 thousand hectares showing 0.1 percent increase over last year. The size of the wheat crop is provisionally estimated at 19235 thousand tones which is 5.5 percent higher than last year. The yield per hectare also increased by 5.4 percent. Wheat production target was fixed at 19.75 million tones (ANONYMOUS, 2004) The efforts made by wheat breeders to develop high yielding wheat varieties during the last few years. The changed climatic conditions and environmental stresses such as salinity, drought insect and pest attack and some other diseases are adversely affecting the wheat production. Although the situation of wheat production in Pakistan is better than before, but it is direly required to enhance its productivity through genetic means. Now plant breeders of the present day are making efforts to develop high yielding wheat genotypes which are superior and adaptive to a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. The choice of parental material used in the hybridization scheme does contribute significantly for the development of a suitable genotype. The parents which are genetically superior in the trait of interest are utilized for varietal development.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotypes AS-2002, Pasban-90, SH-2002, Aqub-2000, Chenab-2000, Inqbal-91, Rohtas-90 were used as parents to develop the following F1 crosses. Caderno de Pesquisa Sér. Bio., Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 17, n. 1, p. 21-27, jan./jun . 2005


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AS-2002 X SH-2002 , Pasban-90 x AS-2002, Pasban- 90 x SH-2002, SH-2002 X AS-2002, SH-2002 X Pasban -90, AQUB-2000 X AS-2002 , AQUB -2000 X Pasban-90 , AQUB-2000 X Inqbal -91 , Chenab-2000 x Inqbal-91 , Chenab-2000 x Rohtas-90. The seeds of F1 hybrids were planted in the field using randomized complete block design to evaluate their performance as compare to their parents. The seeds of seven parents and above mentioned 10 crosses were sown by following dibbling method. The methodology used was to maintain two seeds per hole keeping plant to plant distance of 15cm and row to row distance of 30cm in three replications. Thinning and other agronomic practices were done timely to achieve good crop stand. At maturity 10 guarded plants were selected at random and data were recorded for plant height, spikes per plant, spike length and spikelets per spike. To determine the significance in differences among hybrids and parents the data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance technique ( Steel and TORRIE, 1980). Significant differences where indicated were further subjected to Duncan’s new multiple range test. The percent increase (+) or decrease (-) of F1 over mid parent as well as better parent was calculated to observe possible heterotic effects for the above mentioned traits following Fonseca and Patterson (1968).

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tij = F1 ij - MP / (3/8EMS)1/2 The “t” values for heterobeltiosis were calculated by the formula as reported by Wynne et al. (1970). tij = F1 ij – BP / (1/2EMS)1/2 Where F1 ij = The mean of the ijth F cross 1 M.P ij = The mid parent values for the ijth cross B.P ij = The better parent values for the ijth cross EMS = Error mean square.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of variance for plant height, spikes per plant, spike length and spikelets per spike manifested highly significant differences between parents and F1 crosses. The mean performance of parents and F1 crosses regarding above mentioned traits is presented in Table 1. The estimates of heterosis of F1, over mid and better parent (s) for all five traits are presented in Table2.

%Ht = F1 – M.P x 100 M.P

Table 1 - Analysis of variance (mean square values) for different traits in wheat

%Hbt = F1 – B.P x 100 B.P Where Ht = Heterosis Hbt = Heterobeltiosis M.P= Mid parent B.P= Better parent

PLANT SPIKES PER SPIKE SPIKELETS HEIGHT PLANT LENGTH PER SPIKE Replication 2 990.47 11.07 33.19 38.84 Genotype 16 3090.42** 76.25** 87.80** 18.61** Error 491 59.82 4.51 41.60 3.72 S.O.V

DF

** = Highly significant

The “t” test was applied to determine whether F1 hybrid means were statistically different from mid parent and better parent values.(WYNNE et al., 1970).

Plant height Maximum plant height was observed from SH-2002 (125.20 cm) among parents and from (Pasban-90 X AS-2002) 120.56 cm among crosses (Table-1). The genotypic mean indicated that plant height of all F 1 hybrids had a wide range i.e. from 96.56 cm (AS-2002X SH-2002) to 120.56 cm (Pasban-90 X AS-2002).

Caderno de Pesquisa Sér. Bio., Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 17, n. 1, p. 21-27, jan./jun . 2005



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The results indicated that 50% and 30% hybrids showed positive heterosis over mid and better parents respectively. The negative estimates of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for plant height are preferred over their mid and better parents in wheat breeding because dwarfness is a desirable character (BUDAK & YILDIRIM, 1996).in some crosses where heterobeltiosis was observed, over dominance might be involved and it may be suggested that effective selection of desirable recombinants from this material is possible. Theese results are in agreement with the findings of Abdullah et al. (2002), Yagdi and Karan (2000) and Rasul et al. (2002).

et al, 2002.

Spikes per plant Table 1 showed that maximum spikes per plant (12.40) in AQAB-2000 among parents and (13.13) from Pasban-90 X AS-2002 among crosses. Among F1 hybrids, Pasban-90 X AS-2002 has highest value (13.13) and the cross SH2002 X AS-2002 has lowest value (9.70).Seven out of ten crosses showed positive heterosis over their mid parents and four out of ten crosses showed positive heterosis over their better parents. AS-2002 X SH -2002 showed high value for heterosis and Pasban-91 X AS-2002 showed high value for heterobeltiosis.

FONSECA, S.; Patterson, F. L. 1968. Hybrid vigor in seven parental diallel cross in common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Crop Sci.8:85-88.

Spike length Maximum spike length was observed from Pasban-90 (19.96 cm)among parents(Table-1) Among F hybrids, SH-2002 X Pasban -90 had highest value 1 (14.89cm) and the cross Pasban-90 X AS-2002 had lowest value (11.66cm) for spike length. Positive heterosis over mid parents was observed from three crosses and positive heterosis over better parents was observed from one cross out of ten crosses (Table-2). Chenab -2000 X Inqbal-91 showed highest value for heterosis (6.53%) over mid parent. These results are in agreement with Rasul et al. (2002) and Yagdi and Karan (2000). Spikeletes per spike Inqbal-91 gave maximum spikelets per spike (22.10) among parents and SH-2002 X Pasban-90 from crosses showed maximum mean value (23.51) for this trait (Table-1). Eight out of ten crosses showed positive heterosis over their mid parents and seven out of ten crosses showed positive heterosis (From 0.47 to 11.10) over their better parents. SH-2002 X Pasban-90 showed high value for heterosis as well as for heterobeltiosis. Same kind of heterotic effects were reported by Abdullah et al, 2002; Iqbal et al, 1990; Mehla et al, 2000 and Rasul Caderno de Pesquisa Sér. Bio., Santa Cruz do Sul, v. 17, n. 1, p. 21-27, jan./jun . 2005

LITERATURE CITED ABDULLAH, G. M.; KHAN A. S.; ALI, Z. 2002. Heterosis study of certain important traits in wheat. Int. J. Agri & Biol. 4(3): 326-328. ANONYMOUS. 2002-2003. Economic Survey of Pakistan. Finance Div., Govt. of Pak., Islamabad.

IQBAL, M.; ALAM, K.; CHOWDHRY, M. A. 1990. Explotation of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield and its components in some specific crosses of wheat. J. Agri. Sci. 27(1):73-79. MEHLA, B. S.; SHARMA, S. C.; HOODA, J. S. 2000. Gene action for certain quantitative traits in wheat. Annals of biol. (Ludhiana). 16(1): 95-100 [Pl.Br.Absts.70(8):8430,2000]. RASUL, I.; KHAN, A. S.; ALI, Z. 2002. Estimation of heterosis for yield and some yield components in bread whet. Int. J. Agri. and Biol. 4(2): 214-216. STEEL, R. G. D.; TORRIE, J. H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd Ed. McGraw Hi Book Co., New York, USA. WYNNE, J. C.; EMERY, D. A.; RICE, P. H. 1970. Combining ability estimation in Arachis hypogaea L. 11. Field Performance of F1 hybrids. Crop. Sci. 10(6): 713-715. YAGDI, K.; KARAN, S. 2000. Hybrid vigour in common wheat. Turkish. J. Agric. and Forestry. 24(2): 231-236 [Pl.Br.Absts. 70(11); 11497, 2000].


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Table 1 - Mean performance and statistical significance for different traits in wheat Plant height (cm) AS-2002 96.16 f Pasban-90 96.90 def SH-2002 125.20 a Aqab-2000 108.30 b Chenab-2000 92.03 g Inqbal-91 107.53 c Rohta-90 101.23 d AS-2002X SH-2002 96.56 ef Pasban-90 x AS-2002 120.56 b Pasban- 90 x SH-2002 99.73 def SH-2002 X AS-2002 105.40 c SH-2002 X Pasban -90 97.43 def Aqab-2000XAS-2002 105.96 c Aqab-2000XPasban-90 97.13 def Aqab-2000XInqbal -91 119.83 b Chenab-2000x Inqbal-91 119.20 de Chenab-2000xRohtas-90 101.06 c Genotypes

Spikes per plant 10.66 efgh 11.23 bcdef 7.00 I 11.60 bcdef 7.70 I 12.10 abcd 12.40 ab 11.06 cdefg 13.13 a 9.73 h 9.70 h 10.86 defgh 10.90 defgh 9.86 gh 11.80 bcde 12.26 abc 10.50 fgh

Spike length (cm) 13.30 b 19.96 a 14.03 b 14.50 b 12.60 b 14.36 b 14.80 b 13.66 b 11.66 b 13.20 b 13.13 b 14.89 b 13.90 b 14.23 b 13.70 b 14.36 b 13.83 b

Spikelets per spike 19.90 e 21.16 bcd 21.06 bcd 20.80 cde 20.23 de 22.10 b 21.73 bc 21.50 bc 21.26 bcd 21.26 bcd 21.86 bc 23.51 a 21.10 bcd 21.73 bc 21.03 bcd 20.83 cde 21.63 bc

Means having same letters do not differ significantly at 0.05 level of probability by Duncan’s new multiple range test. Table 2 - Estimation of percent heterosis (Ht%) and heterobeltosis (Hbt%) for different parameters Plant height Ht % Hbt % AS-2002X SH-2002 -12.76 ** -22.87** Pasban-90 x AS-2002 24.89** 24.41** Pasban-90 x SH-2002 -0.10** -20.34** SH-2002 X AS-2002 -4.77 N.S -15.81** SH-2002XPasban-90 -12.26** -22.18** Aqab2000XAS-2002 3.64N.S -2.16N.S Aqab2000XPasban-90 -5.33N.S -10.31* Aqab-2000XInqbal-91 11.04** 10.64* Chenab-2000xInqbal-91 1.28** -6.01N.S Chenab2000xRohtas-90 8.97** 4.02N.S Crosses

Spikes per plant Ht % Hbt % 25.25** 3.75N.S 19.96** 16.91N.S 6.75N.S -13.35N.S 9.85N.S -9.00N.S 19.14N.S -3.29N.S -2.07N.S -6.03N.S -13.62N.S -15.00N.S -0.42N.S -2.47N.S 23.84N.S 1.32N.S 4.48N.S 15.32N.S

Spike length Ht % Hbt % -0.04N.S -2.63N.S -29.89N.S -41.58N.S -22.33N.S -33.86N.S -3.92N.S -6.41N.S -12.39N.S -25.40N.S 0.00N.S -4.13N.S -17.41N.S -28.70N.S -5.06N.S -5.51N.S 6.53N.S 00.01N.S 8.97** 4.02N.S

Spikelets /spike Ht % Hbt % 4.98N.S 2.08N.S 3.56N.S 0.47N.S 0.71N.S 0.47N.S 6.74N.S 3.79N.S 11.37* 11.10* 3.69N.S 1.44N.S 3.57N.S 2.69N.S -1.96N.S -4.84N.S -1.58N.S -5.74N.S 3.10N.S -0.46N.S

* = Signigicant ** = Highly signigicant N.S.= Non- significant



Caderno Pesquisa Bio - Volume 16-1 - TSpace

Caderno Pesquisa Bio - Volume 16-1 - TSpace

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