Apr 9, 2011 - Here, · is the Airy's function of the first kind. ... C. Chester, B. Friedmann, and F. Ursell, An extension of the method of steepest descents, Proc.
Calculation of tunneling rates across a barrier with continuous potential Sina Khorasani School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology April 9, 2011 Here, approximate, but accurate expressions for calculation of wavefunctions and tunneling rates are obtained using the method of uniform asymptotic expansion [1‐3]. Suppose that a classically forbidden potential barrier exists across , where the wavenumber 0 with Im 0. If the governing equation is given as is pure imaginary, or 0 then an approximate forward (left‐to‐right) tunneling rate from the region to may be found using the approximate solutions of the Schrödinger’s equation based on Airy’s functions of the first and second kind. The un‐normalized forward‐propagating Schrödinger’s wavefunction is 1 3 2
Here, · is the Airy’s function of the first kind. This solution tends to decay for , but blows up to infinity while approaching . To resolve the problem, we select a mid‐point such as , and for the region write down 1 3 2
Here, · is the Airy’s function of the second kind. This solution similarly tends to decay for blows up to infinity while approaching . Now, for the particular choice of 3 2 we can write down
3 2
, but
in which 1
1
lim
√9Γ 1
lim
1 1 1
where we have made use of the facts [4] that 0 0 and lim
lim
√3Γ √
√
1 √9Γ 1 √3Γ
1
1
√ lim
1
lim 1
√
This helps us to simplify the tunneling rate as 3
It is here furthermore possible to simplify the tunneling rates using the appropriate asymptotic expansions of Airy functions as 1 2 exp , 0 3 2 √
1 √
exp
2 3
,
0
Noting the fact that Im 0 within the classically forbidden region forward tunneling rate given as 3 4
exp 2
, this results in the
This equation may be considered to be sufficient for most practical purposes. Comparing to the usual expression obtained from WKB expansions, we have |WKB
exp 2
It is also noteworthy to mention that the approximate solution for the classically allowed region where 0 is simply given by 1 so that a uniform solution can be written down as 1
sgn
with sgn · being the Sign function. Therefore, a general approximate solution to the wave equation is 1 sgn 1
sgn
where are constants determined by boundary or initial conditions. References: [1] C. Chester, B. Friedmann, and F. Ursell, An extension of the method of steepest descents, Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 53, 599‐611 (1957). [2] N. Bleistein and R. A. Handelsmann, Asymptotic expansions of integrals, Holt, Rinehard, and Winston, New York, 1975. [3] W. P. Schleich, Quantum Optics in Phase Space, Wiley‐VCH, Berlin, 2001. [4] M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, Dover, New York, 1965.