Bounded model checking [1] (BMC) is a technique for finding bugs in finite state sys- ... grant 93346/01 (An Automata Theoretic Approach to Software Model ...
bounded model checking [PWZ02] to knowledge and time [PL03a]. Bounded .... do point out the fact that there are heuristics that can be applied in particular.
Sep 20, 2014 - Tino Teige2, and Tom Bienmüller2. 1 University of Oxford ...... Hayhurst, K.J., Veerhusen, D.S., Chilenski, J.J., Rierson, L.K.: A practical tutorial.
[15] Patrice Godefroid, Michael Y. Levin, and David A. Molnar. Automated whitebox fuzz testing. ... [33] Ulrich Stern and David L. Dill. Parallelizing the murphi.
bounded model checking, do a very fast exploration of the state space, and for ..... for some model checking problems, primarily by substituting SAT procedures.
In this paper we propose a pragmatic approach for the es- timation of coverage in BMC. ..... It is left to the programmer of the CPU to avoid an address overflow.
ran BMC in a mode in which, for each design block and each AG p specification, ... We did not model the interfaces between the subcircuits on which we ran our ...
This problem remains open: the BMC tools analyze an under- approximation of a program ... going to be refined and the algorithm goes to the next iteration. Our approach is ... analysis to guarantee a practical solution. Unlike in our ..... Classical
model checking, if the number of local states of the concurrent processes ... guards that compare the value of a shared integer variable to a linear combination.
translates a multi-threaded C program into a bounded nondeter- ..... intuitive and require a less steep learning curve, and combined with Python's flexibility it is ...
Jul 27, 2009 - ground material on Metric Temporal Logic and bi-infinite time, ..... Zot is an agile and easily extendible bounded model checker, which can be ...
Jul 15, 2010 - A well-structured transition system (WSTS) (Finkel, 1990; Abdulla et al.,. 2000; Finkel and .... Let us prove that âB = D: suppose s is an element of. D, thus that there ..... We will refine the arguments of Lemma 11 in Section 5.2.
A Boolean formula is satisfiable if and only if there exists a set of assignments that make the formula true. Many modern SAT solvers [17, 20, 13, 8] are based on ...
Aug 31, 2013 - e-mail: [email protected] ... e-mail: [email protected] ... Verification of multi-agent systems (MAS) is an actively developing field of ...
IOS Press. From bounded to unbounded model checking for temporal epistemic logic. â .... possible global state so that a simple fixed point semantics for them can be given. Still, note that, if .... The operator U stands for Until; the formula αUÎ
2 Email: [email protected]. 3 This work ... the Transregional Collaborative Research Center âAutomatic Verification and Analysis of.
Xiaowei Huang, Cheng Luo, and Ron van der Meyden. University of New South ... subformulas at all points of such runs, handling the search for a witness for an ...
an API to the solver core, providing methods for formula generation, sim- plification, common ..... On the complexity of derivations in propositional calculus. In.
sempenha um papel importante para garantir a qualidade geral do produto. O valor dos contra exemplos e propriedades de segurança gerados pelos Bounded.
of the generated software model using an unrolling based on blocks â the block modeling approach .... by customizing the back-end SAT-solver. We use certain ...
Keywords: Weak Alternating Büchi Automata, Bounded Model Checking, PSL, ... shortcomings are in one way or another related to the fact that LTL cannot ...
Jul 13, 2009 - does not make use of high-level information to simplify the unrolled formula. ..... definition literal is true iff a given clause of the formula. P is true. Hence, in ..... conducted on an otherwise idle Intel Xeon 5160, 3GHz server wi
We present ESBMC-GPU tool, an extension to the Efficient SMT-Based Context-Bounded Model Checker. (ESBMC), which is aimed at verifying Graphics ...
We aim at the analysis of programs given in a commodity programming language
such as C, C++, or Java. ▻ As the first step, we transform the program into a ...
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C
Version 1.0, 2010
Outline
Preliminaries
BMC Basics
Completeness
Solving the Decision Problem
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
2
Preliminaries I
We aim at the analysis of programs given in a commodity programming language such as C, C++, or Java
I
As the first step, we transform the program into a control flow graph (CFG)
C/C++ parse Source
parse tree
CFG
frontend
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
3
Example: SHS if ( (0 y CNF: About 11000 variables, unsolvable for current SAT solvers
I
Similar problems with division, modulo
I
Q: Why is this hard?
I
Q: How do we fix this?
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
38
Incremental Flattening ?
ϕf := ϕsk , F := ∅
ϕsk : Boolean part of ϕ F : set of terms that are in the encoding
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
39
Incremental Flattening ?
ϕf := ϕsk , F := ∅
?
Is ϕf SAT?
ϕsk : Boolean part of ϕ F : set of terms that are in the encoding
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
39
Incremental Flattening ?
ϕf := ϕsk , F := ∅
?
Is ϕf SAT? No! ?
UNSAT ϕsk : Boolean part of ϕ F : set of terms that are in the encoding
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
39
Incremental Flattening ?
ϕf := ϕsk , F := ∅
?
Is ϕf SAT?
Yes! -
compute I
No! ?
UNSAT ϕsk : Boolean part of ϕ F : set of terms that are in the encoding I: set of terms that are inconsistent with the current assignment CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
39
Incremental Flattening ?
ϕf := ϕsk , F := ∅
?
Is ϕf SAT?
Yes! -
compute I
No!
I=∅
?
?
UNSAT
SAT
ϕsk : Boolean part of ϕ F : set of terms that are in the encoding I: set of terms that are inconsistent with the current assignment CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
39
Incremental Flattening ?
ϕf := ϕsk , F := ∅
Pick F 0 ⊆ (I \ F ) F := F ∪ F 0 ϕf := ϕf ∧ C ONSTRAINT(F ) 6 I 6= ∅
?
Is ϕf SAT?
Yes! -
compute I
No!
I=∅
?
?
UNSAT
SAT
ϕsk : Boolean part of ϕ F : set of terms that are in the encoding I: set of terms that are inconsistent with the current assignment CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
39
Incremental Flattening
I
Idea: add ’easy’ parts of the formula first
I
Only add hard parts when needed
I
ϕf only gets stronger – use an incremental SAT solver
CBMC: Bounded Model Checking for ANSI-C – http://www.cprover.org/
