5.1. Webercise 5. ATMOSPHERIC GASES. A. Gases. Before you look at the
periodic table section, answer question 1 in Part A of the. Questions and
Solutions ...
5.1
Webercise 5
ATMOSPHERIC GASES A. Gases. Before you look at the periodic table section, answer question 1 in Part A of the Questions and Solutions section. Load the Wiley Chemistry Webercises Directory site using your Internet browser by typing in the URL below in the location box. If you are using your personal computer, it will save considerable time if you set a Bookmark at the site after reaching it. Parenthetical outline references (e.g., III-B-2) will refer to this site. http://www.wiley.com/college/webercises
Wiley Chemistry Webercises Directory site
Under Properties of Substances and Elements, click on WebElements (II-A-1). We urge you to browse through the other periodic tables available through links given in the Directory of Tables (II-A-3) in the Chemistry Webercises Directory site to gain a sense of the types of information present. The URL for WebElements is: http://www.webelements.com/ On the periodic table, click on nitrogen. Instructions here will guide you to the answers for nitrogen and you will be left to your own means for the questions on oxygen and argon. On the right side under Nitrogen, click on Essential Data to bring up the atomic mass of nitrogen (it should have already been there as the default left window). For questions A-3 and A-5 (for A-4, see site near bottom of this page) on the volume percentage and the uses of nitrogen, click on Geology, and Uses under Nitrogen around us respectively. Use the information at this site to answer questions 2 - 15 in Part A of the Questions and Solutions section. For another site that should help with the percentages of the gases in the air, at the Wiley Chemistry Webercises Directory site, under Chemistry Topics of Societal Concern and Global Warming, click on (VII-A-2): http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7a.html Also, under Chemistry Topics of Societal Concern and Global Warming, click on URL (VII-A-1): http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Resources/FAQs/glob_warmfaq.html Use the information to answer question 16 in Part A of the Questions and Solutions section. Another site with useful information about nitrogen including the answer to A-4 is: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen
5.2 B. Nitrogen and Argon Information. Return to the Chemistry Webercises Directory site and still under History of Chemistry, under Nobel Prizes, click on Nobel Prize Internet Archive to lead to the URL’s (V-D): http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/ http://www.almaz.com/ Use the information at these sites to answer questions 1 and 3 in Part B of the Questions and Solutions section. Back at the Chemistry Webercises Directory, under Applied Chemistry, click on Nitrogen: Food or Flames to reach the URL (IV-A): http://www.pafko.com/history/h_s_n2.html Use the information available to answer questions 2 and 4 in Part B of the Questions and Solutions section.
Webercise 5
__________________________Name
5.3
____________Section
ATMOSPHERIC GASES - QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS A. Gases 1.
List what you think are the three most abundant gases in dry air and estimate their percentages. (Do not change this answer if you find out later that your answers were not correct.) gas
percentage
__________
__________
__________
__________
__________
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2.
Give the atomic mass of nitrogen (g/mole).
_____________
3.
What is the volume percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere?
_____________
4.
What did Lavoisier name nitrogen and why?
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5.
List the principal uses of nitrogen:
6.
Give the atomic mass of oxygen (g/mole).
_____________
7.
What is the volume percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?
_____________
8.
What is the meaning of the name oxygen?
_____________
9.
List the principal uses of oxygen (O2):
10.
Briefly discuss the properties of ozone (O3) [see the Essential data section in the Oxygen section of WebElements or go to the site referred to in the next question (A-10-c)]. Address the questions: a.
What is meant by an ozone hole and what causes it?
b.
Do we want ozone in the lower atmosphere? Explain your answer.
5.4 c.
(Optional) Use a search engine such as Google to locate several of the papers on the ozone problem (e.g., [http://www.theozonehole.com/ ] (VII-B) and write a paper on the problem and possible consequences.
11.
Give the atomic mass of argon (g/mole).
_____________
12.
What is the approximate volume percentage of argon in the atmosphere?
_____________
13.
What is the meaning of the name argon?
_____________
14.
List the principal uses of argon:
15.
a.
Give the sum of the percentages by volume in dry air of nitrogen, oxygen and argon. ____________
b.
Based on information above, what are the three most abundant gases in dry air? percentage gas
c.
16.
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__________
__________
__________
__________
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Was your answer in A-1 correct? If not, suggest reasons why you were incorrect.
We just took note of the three most abundant gases in dry air. The concentration of the fourth most abundant gas in dry air, carbon dioxide, is given in the articles on Global Warming (VII-A-1 and VII-A-2) and at the site, http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/wg1-report.html . a.
Give the concentrations of CO2 in ppm and percentage 250 years ago and today. ppm percentage time 250 years ago __________
__________
today
__________
__________
5.5
Webercise 5 b.
The burning of fossil fuels has led to an approximately 36% increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Why is it that humans have unintentionally been able to change the atmospheric content of one of its components? Could we significantly change the concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere?
c.
What are the possible consequences of the carbon dioxide content increase?
d.
(optional) Use the articles on global warming and/or perform an Internet search to write a paper on global warming.
B. Nitrogen and Argon Information 1.
Use one of the Nobel prize sites (V-D-1) to find the chemistry and physics prize winners in 1904. Give their names and the reasons for their awards.
_____________ _____________
2.
3.
4.
For the world's use, what were the percentages of the fixed nitrogen production by Chile in 1913 and 1934 (IV-A)? __________
___________
a.
Who received the 1918 Nobel prize in chemistry?
_____________
b.
What was the 1918 Nobel prize in chemistry awarded for?
What caused the precipitous drop in nitrogen production between 1913 and 1934 by Chile?
