Technical and Socio-Economic Aspects of a 100-Day Material Recovery Test for the Production of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) in Iloilo City, Philippines Poster presentation for the Sardinia 2009, 12th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 5-9 October 2009, S.Margherita di Pula (Cagliari), Sardinia, Italy Basco
INTRODUCTION
Batan Islands
Improvements at the Calajunan Disposal site (Iloilo)
Babuyan Islands
160 tons/day delivered solid waste
Metro Iloilo is a fast growing urban center and with around half a million inhabitants the largest city in the Western Visayas. Presently, more than 160 tons of domestic type wastes are collected in Iloilo City every day. The incoming waste is perceived to be residual, but still contains a significant fraction of valuable materials such as organic waste and “Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials” (AFR). In September 2008, a 100-day AFR recovery test was launched to produce AFR out of the daily municipal waste stream to enhance material recovery and to identify alternative sources of income for local waste pickers on a larger scale in partnership with HOLCIM Philippines Inc.
Claveria Aparri
Laoag
Vigan
Tuao Tuguegarao Bangued Tabuk
Ca
ga
ya
n
Ilagan Bontoc Planan Lagawe San Fernando Cabarroguis La Trinidad Bolinao Bayombong Casiguran Baguio Dagupan Lingayen San Carlos San Jose Baler Luzon Tarlac Palayan Cabanatuan Iba Angeles Polillo Islands
Manila
Polillo
Larap Daet
Plaridel Boac Calapan
Mamburao
PHILIPPINES Busuanga Island
San Pascual
Bongabong Romblon
Mindoro
Culasi
Iloilo Silay Bago La Carlota
Dumaran
Bais
•
Turtle Islands Jolo Tawitawi Island
EQUIPMENT FOR MATERIAL RECOVERY
Balimbing
Su
Isabella Jolo Island
lu
Ar
c
p hi
Butuan Gingoog Prosperidad
Isulan
ag
o
Bislig
Malaybalay Tagum Davao
Maganoy
el
Cortes Tandag
Mati
Kidaqwan Digos
Governor Generoso
Koronadal
General Santos
Neil T. Ravena General Service Office, Plaza Libertad Local Government Iloilo City, The Philippines
Jose Abad Santos
The central material recovery facility provided the following technical components to conduct the test: • • • • • •
SEGREGATION PROCESS
A bay area for unloading the incoming mixed waste as inter-storage prior to the entrance conveyor belt, A small wheel-loader to bring waste materials from the loading bay to the entrance conveyor belt, A conveyor belt with the dimension 5 m x 0.5 m for loading and presorting incoming waste, A rotating trommel screen for sieving out a fraction < 4 cm, A loop of 4 conveyor belts of approximately 4 m x 0.5 m length each to perform manual sorting of materials along the loop, A truck (7.5 tons loading capacity) used to transport residual materials from the MRF to the waste disposal site.
Material recovery flow at the MRF Calahunan, Iloilo City
Input waste 25 ton/day
material flow
The following main objectives and steps of treatment were performed during the material recovery test: •
Segregation of non-biodegradable, dry materials, mostly mixed plastics, garments, packages, segregated manually and stuffed into bags (“Tonner-Bags”), • Segregation of organic materials for composting, • Segregation of sellable materials such as cardboards, paper, glasses, metals, hard plastics, • Mechanized segregation of mixed fine materials (under-flow from trommel screen), mainly a mix of sweepings, ashes, fine organic materials, soil-like components, broken glass, small metals, stones etc. The process followed a so-called positive sorting scheme, meaning desired materials were sorted out, while undesired materials were left on the conveyor belt to be finally disposed.
segregation
storage
non-organic 1
residuals compostables
non-organic 2
Material Recovery Rates During The Test
Material Recovery Facility Calahunan, Iloilo City
MAIN FINDINGS
25000
Recovery works at the MRF Calahunan, Iloilo
20000
15000
Emission test on AFR utilization at HOLCIM Plant (April 2008)
10000
5000
0
“1-Tonner-Bags” filled with AFR from the Iloilo City
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11
SRM (kg)
AFR (kg)
CHALLENGES AND SHORTCOMINGS During the four month time span of the AFR recovery test various challenges became visible: • • • • • •
heavy rainfalls during typhoons deteriorated AFR quality at workplaces, at the entrance bay and during storage, related to rainfalls, material clogging developed at the trommel screen and on conveyor belts, material packing was hindered during rainfalls and reduced the regular work flow, interstorage and takeover points for segregated materials were insufficient and reduced work efficiency, the manual packing of segregated AFR delivered low storage densities of +/- 0.1 ton/cubic meter and packing of AFR was several times delayed due to lack of “Tonner Bags”.
Process flow at the Material Recovery Facility Calahunan
Collection of AFR and sellables in baskets
One-ton bags
Conveyor belts
Drum sieve
Underflow 22 tons/week respectively > 4 tons/day.
Cotabato
Zamboanga
METHODS To obtain a representative sample of collected municipal waste, five waste collection trucks with around 7 m3 loading capacity were designated to collect wastes from various sources out of the city center during the daily routine waste collection. The MRF test-run was conducted in two shifts. The first shift started at 8:00 PM until 4:00 AM and was followed by a second shift from 4:00 AM to 12:00 Noon. Each shift was conducted by a team of 15 waste workers who were recruited among local waste pickers. The team was lead by a foremen, which was selected by the shift members themselves. Each team member was assigned to a specific work task. The test was monitored and important activities and events documented by external observers.
Tagbilaran Mambajao Siquijor
Lake Lanao
Olutanga
Dinagat Pilar
n
•
I s l a n d s
Danao Mandaue Maasin Cebu LapuAnilao Lapu Cebu Bohol
Cagayan Dapitan de Oro Dipolog Oroquieta Iligan Mindanao Ozamis Marawi Tangub Pagadian Tubud
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF SCHEME 01
Ernesto Paredes HOLCIM Philippines Inc. AFR Department, L3 Phinma Plaza Makati City, The Philippines
Tocloban Ormoc Leyte
Cadiz Bacolod Toledo
Palawan Negros
Borongan
Agusa
•
Catbalogan
ngi Pula
•
Catarman Samar Calbayog
V i s a y a n
Panay
San Jose
OBJECTIVES
How much AFR could be recovered on a daily base and what AFR quality can be expected using the existing equipment and workforce under routine work conditions ? What aspects would hinder the targeted regular AFR recovery? What could be done to upgrade the material recovery rate and to address other bottlenecks which were identified during the test? What other materials could be recovered simultaneously ? What measures are needed to capacitate the involved management and waste reclaimers to perform a regular AFR recovery ?
Sorsogon
Danao Kalibo Roxas
Dumaguete
•
Virac
Masbate
Calamian Group
Johannes G. Paul & Sebastian Lange AHT GROUP AG for German Technical Cooperation, Project Office for Solid Waste Management in the Visayas, DENR Compound, Parola Street, Iloilo City, Panay, The Philippines
Matnog
San Jose
Puerto Princesa
The conduction of the “100-day AFR recovery test” aimed primarily to assess the technical, social and financial viability to recover AFR as a routine operation of municipal SWM in Iloilo City. Specifically the following aspects and questions were raised:
Catanduanes Islands
Sipocot Naga Iriga Pili Legaspi
Iloilo City is the first Local Government in the Philippines which started to test if the recovery of AFR out of the municipal solid waste stream is a feasible option for waste reduction in municipal solid waste management. The chosen approach is supported by the huge potentials of AFR recovery and offers new opportunities also for developing countries, which so far hardly utilize “Waste-to-Energy” technologies to enhance their solid waste management systems. The experiences made during the “100-Day AFR recovery test” are very promising. Hence, the establishment of a routine operation for AFR recovery is welcomed by all involved stakeholders and lead to a continuation of the AFR recovery within 2009. The envisioned AFR recovery offers substantial cost savings for the Local Government, whereas especially reduced waste disposal rates may lessen cost for future landfill operation and prolong the life span of the proposed new landfill. Furthermore, the project can contribute to poverty alleviation, especially for the involved waste reclaimers, since they may obtain a more stable income and being enabled to change their daily work place from the open dumpsite to a more organized and protected material recovery facility. The latter offers a weather protected work place, team work, work protection measures and access to sanitation and water facilities. Lastly, the cement industry can utilize AFR to substitute fossil fuels, which contributes to lessen related Green House Gas emissions.
For more information please contact:
GTZ-AHT Project Office SWM4LGUs
DENR FMS R-6 Compound 5000 Iloilo City, Panay, Philippines Phone/Fax: +63-33-5099788 E-mail:
[email protected] www.watsansolid.org.ph www.aht-group.com
