Cost factors simulation studies of embedded ...

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 21 (2015) pp 41749-41752 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

Cost factors simulation studies of embedded software in Smartphone through Business Dynamics Kil-hwan Shin Ph.D., Department of Public business, LIG System, Seoul Korea [email protected] (Corresponding Author) Choon Yeul Lee, Professor, Department of business IT, Kookmin University, Seoul Korea [email protected]

Abstract Smartphone helps rapid spread of the IT industry, smart phones activated according to several changes are taking place. Of the smart phones that run on the importance of embedded software has become. Smart phones to spread a lot of research on the factors affecting service factors, selection on the user's phone is in progress. Smartphone and configuration embedded software research, however, there is little research on the factors influence the cost of that being an issue in the industry. Therefore, in this study, along with the spread of smart phones and software issues on the supply side factors affect the cost of embedded software in on the Factors Influencing Business Dynamics, by using a technique explores. Keywords: Business Dynamics, Cost Engineering, Embedded Software

Introduction Among three competitive advantages mentioned in „COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE‟ of Michael Eugene Porter, activities to occupy and maintain cost advantage (Cost of Ownership) are appearing in electronic industry. In particular, since a paradigm is converted from feature phone to Smartphone, in the industry, issues such as what items are included in the cost of Smartphone and what factors are affecting the cost are existing in reality. This is a problem generating because cost structure and unit price of feature phone, which were used before introduction of Smartphone, are still used. In addition, an issue of failing smooth negotiation during proposal of unit price of embedded software for Smartphone by professional companies supplying technology to Smartphone manufacturers is also generating. Therefore, in this research, among cost factors of Smartphone, we have arranged working level cost factor of embedded software launched with load in Smartphone. And we put meaning of the research in implementing simulation how these factors interact mutually by adding working level important factors besides theoretical factors through utilization of Business Dynamics technique of the factors. That is, this is a meaningful study in aspect of a study grafting theory to reality. Literature Review Smartphone is a "Smart Phone” literally in English and has

been evolved starting from an individual information terminal. Just like general PCs, Smartphone is a high function portable phone which can install and operate various (App.) through load of high function operation system (OS) and is called as a„PC in the hand.‟ Unlike general computer software, embedded software is software to control hardware designed for satisfying specific purposes [1]. A method used most broadly as a technique estimating the scale of software program is Line number (Line of Code, hereinafter called as LOC) method and FSM (Functional Size Measurement, hereinafter called as FSM) method. At present, FSM method is an international standards (ISO/IEC 14143) method and as methods following corresponding standards, there are FPA, NESMA, MarkⅡ and COSMIC, etc. In many countries of the whole world, they calculate the scale of software through FSM method and in Korea, 2004 public notice of the Ministry of Information and Communication had converted existing software scale calculation method to function point method from the standards of software [2]. TABLE.1. Literature Review Title Researcher Cost Measurement Indicators and Maintenance Ju-Yeon Cost Estimation Model for Maintenance of Cho, Component-based Software Sung-Ryeol Ryu (2009) Estimating Software Development Cost using Chan-Kyoo Support Vector Regression Park (2006), Cost Measurement Indicators and Maintenance Ju-Yeon Cost Estimation Model for Maintenance of Cho, Component-based Software Sung-Ryeol Ryu (2009) Software Maintenance Implications on Cost and Hunt, B., Schedule Turner, B., McRitchie, K (2008)

Because mobile related technology has fast development speed and is still lacking standardization such as size of screen

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 21 (2015) pp 41749-41752 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com or operation system (OS), etc, there exist investment related dangers [3]. However, when developing software, it is reality that customers put pressure to have more faster, cheaper development [4] and it is reality that systematic countermeasures are lacking for this.

Research Model and Test For accomplishing the goal of this study, we have established a research model like [Fig. 1]. We have considered factors mentioned in studies of [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] comprehensively in establishing the research model. In addition, we have set a research model to carry out simulation for cost effect factors of embedded software by adding factors handled as important in working-level dimension based on cases of L Electronics. Fig.2. CLD of Smartphone cost effect factor

Fig.1. Research model

In case when applying Business Dynamics technique, we have extracted only important factors for modeling and verify through simulation instead of reflecting real world as they are. Smartphone embedded software cost effect factors simplified in important factors are arranged in a total of nine factors in three fields as below and we have implemented a test of these cost effect factors of Smartphone embedded software by utilizing Business Dynamics techniques. 1. Quantization factor (1) Estimation period of Development (2) Application complexity (3) Reusability (4) Easiness of Upgrade 2. Strategic factor (1) Strategic importance of Smartphone (2) Sales plan of Smartphone 3. H/W factor (1) Restriction of main memory (2) Reaction time (3) Data communication processing function CLD (Causal Loop Diagram, hereinafter called as CLD) is used for finding out structure through conceptualization and in this study, we have designed factors arranged previously in three loops. First is quantization loop, second is strategic factor loop and last one is H/W factor loop. This is indicated in [Fig. 2].

First, strategic factor loop is composed of Strategic importance of Smartphone and sales plan quantity of Smartphone and between these factors, a reinforcement loop is formed. Importance of Smartphone is divided into four grades according to importance of a phone to be launched and was decided based on the policy of L ELECTRONICS. In addition, sales plan quantity of Smartphone was decided thirty thousand units in its initial minimum quantity in case of one model launch as its break-even point is considered to be about 30,000 units. Therefore, as importance of Smartphone is raised or launches quantity becomes high, strategic factor loop forms reinforcement loop which has large effect on cost. Second, quantization factor loop is composed of development estimation period, application complexity, reusability and upgrade ease and in here, development estimation period changes its period according to strategic importance of Smartphone in strategic factor loop. A balance loop is formed between factors of quantization factor loop and if development estimation period becomes longer, application complexity becomes higher. However, if application complexity becomes higher, reusability becomes lower and if reusability becomes lower, upgrade ease also becomes lower. And if upgrade ease becomes lower, development estimation time becomes increased because new software must be developed in a different version continuously. Finally, it is H/W factor loop which can provide impacts on Smartphone embedded software. H/W factor loop is related to application complexity of quantization factor loop. If application complexity becomes higher, restriction of main memory unit becomes deeper and if restriction of main memory unit becomes reinforced, data communication processing function becomes weak and for improving this reaction time, it has relationship that application complexity becomes higher. In this relationship, H/W factor loop works as a factor providing effects on Smartphone embedded software cost as a balance loop. in this study, SFD can be expressed like below based on CLD. Stock in SFD is SW Cost and its initial value is U$ 10,000 and increase of cost, which is an inflow that increases cost of Smartphone SW, is affected by complexity. Decrease of cost, which is an outflow that decreases Smartphone SW cost,

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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 21 (2015) pp 41749-41752 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com receives effects of reusability and development time 2. Next, SFD (Stock and Flow Diagram, hereinafter called as SFD) is a process of officialization for testing conceptualization through CLD. That is, it is SFD for changing CLD in a structure for simulation. Therefore, in this study, SFD can be expressed like below based on CLD.

Fig.4. Equation of Smartphone cost effect factor

Fig.3. SFD of Smartphone cost effect factor

Increase of cost, which is an inflow that increases Smartphone software cost, is processed by receiving complexity value and complexity divides the development time by 100 and is calculated by reflecting impacts of reaction time. In here, a unit of development time is day. This development time is influenced according to strategic importance of Smartphone and as strategic importance is higher, it shows characteristics that development period becomes longer. From the aspect of policy of manufacturing companies, it is managed by dividing strategic importance of Smartphone into four and based on this standard, development cost and development period become different. In addition, strategic importance of Smartphone is influenced by estimated production quantity of Smartphone. Another axle of a factor increasing the cost is HW factor. Composition of HW specification influences data communication processing function while it means restriction of main memory unit and if data communication processing function is not good, it requires long hours of reaction time and for improving this, as complexity becomes higher and it becomes a factor which increases embedded software cost. On the contrary, a factor decreasing embedded software cost is reusability and reduction of development period according to easy upgrade. If reusability becomes higher, as it is possible to apply the same embedded software to other Smartphone models, embedded software cost becomes lower according to increase of the production quantity. In addition, if upgrade becomes easy, as it is possible to provide necessary software functions through modification or improvement of some functions without development of embedded software with new or similar functions, it brings about reduction of software cost. [Fig. 4] shows basic equation of this study and is like as explained in above.

Conclusion In this study, it is meaningful that we have applied a simulation technique in a research aspect of exploring embedded software cost effect factor using Business Dynamics technique. However, this study is a basic level research that has implemented a realistic simulation by applying Business Dynamics technique for cost effect factor of embedded software. Therefore, it has a limit of requiring sophistication and improvement of the research model in the future and it is also necessary to develop further into a model appropriate for real world.

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Sung-Wook Lee, Haeng-Kon Kim, Soung-Won Kim, "Framework for Improving Mobile Embedded Software Process ", Journal of Korean Society for Internet Information, Vol.10, No.5, pp. 195-209, 2009 In-Yong Chung, Deok-Je Woo, Jin-Hyung Park, Chang-Sung Chung, " Improved Function Point Measurement Model for Software Size Estimation", Journal of Korean Society for Internet Information, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 115-126, 2009. Min-Hyung Kang, "Changes of business management triggered by mobile big-bang", Issue Paper of Samsung Research Institute, 2010. Sang-Woon Lee, "Software Equation Based on Function Points", The KIPS transactions, Vol.17-D, No.5, pp. 327-336, 2010. Chan-Kyoo Park, "Estimating Software Development Cost using Support Vector Regression", Korean management science review, Vol.23, No.2, pp. 75-91, 2006. Ju-Yeon Cho, Sung-Ryeol Ryu, "Cost Measurement Indicators and Maintenance Cost Estimation Model for Maintenance of Component-based Software", The KIPS transactions, Vol.16-D, N0.3, pp. 353-360, 2009. Sung-Jin Shin, Hu-Jae Lee, Sung-Ryeol Ryu, "A study on Cost Estimation of Open Source Software through a Case Study", the 29th Spring Season Academic Convention of KIPS, pp. 339-342, 2008.

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