declaration

declaration

(acceptance)

acknowledgement

Contents

ii Ii Iii

list of tables, graphs, map & kinship symbols

Importance of the research

, “Out modern term family comes

)| Collins

from the latin. But the ancient Romans did not use familia to mean blood filiation or kinship. It meant rather the household property-the fields, house, money and slaves”

(unit × Rahman

structure or composition

basic unit Chowdhury 1978: 1

scenario

Ahmed and Rahman 2000:30

Bangladesh Data Sheet

Family or households numbers

Bangladesh Economic Review 2000

research problem

Source: HDC, 1997: 12

Source: HDC, 1997: 12

Source: HDC, 1997: 12

UNDP

×

×

×

UNDP 1997 : 45

Source: UNDP 1997: 45

HDC HDC

Poverty gap

×

×

theoretical framework

definition of family

×

R.T. Smith “The word ‘family’ has its

origin in a latin word which could be roughly equated with “domestic group” but for sociological purposes the two must be sharply distinguished. Domestic groups may be made up of individuals between whom no kinship ties exist, and conversely, member of one family may be distributed over two or more domestic groups. (Smith et al 1968: 302 MacIver and Page “The family assumes but also of its varying degrees of attachment to some larger kin group, the sib or clan it is important to explain the sense in which we use the term family’ (1450: 238

“The family is a group defined by a sex relationship

sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children” (ibid: 238

Maclver and Page a mating relationship; 2. a form of

marriage or other institutional arrangement in accordance with which the mating relation is established and maintained; 3. a system of nomenclature involving also a mode of reckoning descent; 4. some economic provisions shared by the members of the group but having especial reference to the economic needs associated with child bearing and child rearing and generally, and 5. a common habitation, home, or household, which, however, may not be exclusive to the family group” (ibid: 239

Rose and Rose

‘The family forms two aspects only, the first section

views the family as an institution, succeeding ones describe the family cycle the processes by which new families are formed, endure for a certain length of time, then disappear as the members either die or leave to form new families of their own’ (1956:) Duvall ‘every family differs in many ways from any other.

But generally, it you know three things about a family, you some what reliably can predict what you will find going on within it (1) where a family is in time in its life cycle, within an era of social change, and in a given season, day, and hour, (2) who lives in the family home, and (3) how the family rates in the community as seen in its social statusÓ (1962: 2). Duvall (1962)

(Life cycle)

(Life cycle)

ý

Haralambos and Heald

the family has been as a universal social

institution, as an inevitable part of human society

Murdock

the family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually co-habiting dultsÓ (in Haralamfos and Heald 1980: 325) Shah Family refers on the one hand to genealogical models, without any definite indication of the activities of functions of the persons composing a model (as in “unclear family and “extended family” and on the otherhand to social groups having certain activities or functions without any definite indication of the persons composing the group (as in family in the sense of household and in joint family in the sence of a kind of property holding group)” (in Rahman 2000: 1)

theories regarding origin and development of family)

Wastermark

promiscuity

Henry Maine Ancient Law Bachofen

Maine Mother Right

Matriarchal

Haward and Malineski Haward and Malineski

F. Mular Laiar

“The Evolution of Modern

Marriage

L.H. Morgan. Morgan

sexual promiscuity

Ancient society

consanguine family):

It was founded upon the intermarriage of brothers and sisters, own and collateral, in a groupÓ (Morgan 1996: 393

Morgan That at any time and in any place the children of the

same mother have propagated themselves sexually

Ibid: 422

punaluan family) group marriage Morgan

It was founded upon the intermarriage of several

sisters, own and collateral, with each others husbands in a group

Morgan 1996: 393

syndyasmian family

Morgan

It was founded upon marriage between single

pairs, but without an exclusive cohabitation. The marriage continued during the pleasure of the partie’’ (Ibid: 394)

patrillineal family)

Morgan

It was founded upon the

marriage of one man with several wives; followed, in general, by the seclusion of the wives” (ibid: 394).

monogamian family)

Morgan

Ancient society

তে

Syndyasmian

Morgan Kinship composition

Kinship composition

types and functions of family)

Smith biological family) compound family)

nuclear family) joint family

extended family)

Horton and Hunt endogamous family and exomous family) Monogamous and polygamous family) Dyer nuclear family) extended family

Murdock

extended family)

nuclear family) (sumple)

In Haralambos

and Heald 1980: 326 Maclver and Page monogamcous

polygamous)

partrillineal

exogameous)

Matrilineal nuclear

family) extended family) Saze

coniougal family) joint family)

Freedman and

family distunetions) adequate family),

chootic family)

neurotic family),

psychotic

family) Morgan

consanguine punaluan syndiousmian monogamous)

Murdock

(sexual), (economic)

(reproductive)

Educational)

Murdock

(In Haralam bose and Heald 1980:331

Persons

the primary socialization of children

(stabilization of the

adult personalities of the population of the society In Haralambose and Heald 1980: 332

Haralambose and Heald (1988) Persons

Maclver and Page

Patriarchal family (multifuncational unit; producation unit etc None essential funcations transferred and specialized

Gove

Religious agencies of the church

Essential functions-retained and changed in quality

Educati Economic Health Recreat onal specialize hospital ional kinder d work, clinic clubs, etc garten various comme school economic rcial etc services forms etc

Stable satisfacti on of sex need

Produca tion and rearing of children

Provisio n of a home

Essential functions interrelated

Mckee re-producation)

mintenance

(socialization placement

osical psychological) Mercer and Wanderer re-prodication and its relations) socialization and stabilization of

personalities

(control of social prestige

Goodereproducation of the young) maintenace of the family members social placement of children and adults)

physical

(socialization and emotional support (social control) (1977)

Horton and Hunt the sexual regulation) the socialization status) economic

(the reproducation) the affectional

the protechtive

the the

review of family research)

Narasariah

Sharma

financial

domestic Indra

Buchignani

Ahmed and Rahman

Afsaruddin

Bhuiyan

“Society and Cultue in Bangladesh

Bhuiyan

Bhuiyan

Rahman

family)

House) household

family

typology)

Karim

Place of lower class in social stratification)

(tylpes) slavery)

caste)

estate)

class)

owner class)

labour class)

ruller class) Kerboo 1969: 254-57

exploited class) Weber the propertied upper class

(the propertiyless white collar workers); petty bourgeousie); class) (In Haralambose and Healid 1988: 45)|

the

(the manual working

Mckee (upper middle class) (lower middle class); lower class)

working class)

(upper class)

Broom and Selznik (upper-

upper class

lower uppe class

(upper

middle class

(lower middle class

(upper

lower class)

(lower-lower class)

Mckee

definition of the used concept

Hurton and Hunt 1980: 423

Encyclopedia of Social Science

“The village community consists of a group of related or unrelated persons larger than a single family, occupying a large house or a number of dellings placed close together some times irregularly some times in a steet and cultivating originally in common. A number of arable field, dividing the available meadowland between them and pasturing their cattle upon the surrounding waste land, over which the community claims adjacent communities, (Seligman 1963: 153) Bangladesh Population Consus

Smallest geographic

area of rural area which is known to the people as village. A village may be same as mauza or there may be more than one village in a mauza. A village is always populated.” (1991: 5

McKee

The lower class in turn, is made up of

those unskilled and irregularly employed workers, including the unemployed, whose life chances are distinctly less and whose economic interests are protected nither by effective union organization. Not all unskilled workers are lower class, for some work in unionized industries and are paid higher ways and have relative job security”

Metta Spencer

ý Broom and Selznik (upper lower class)

lower-lower class

They are semiskilled workess in factories, service workers, and a few small tradesman. They live in the less desirable sections and have lower incomes, but they are respectable The lower-lower class is not ‘respectable’. They are the ‘level below’ the common man live in the worst sections, and are semiskilled and unskilled workers

lower class family)

life system

method used in the research

Philips: 1966: 33 Webster “Research method is a careful of critical iquiry or examination in seeking facts or principles; diligent investigation order to ascertain someting (Seligman et al 1934: 330)

philosophical method survey observation method empirical method

method

participantexperimental method

Horton and Hunt 1980, Sellitiz et al 1965

survey method

Wells

,

“a social survey as a fact-finding study dealing chiefly with working class proverty and with the nature and problems of the communityÓ (mosar and Calton 1971:1 Harslambos and Head “A social survey involves the collection of standardized information for a sample selected as being representative of a particular group or population.l The group from which the sample is drawn may be the population as a whole, a particular class, ethnic, gender or age rgoup, or individuals with cettain characteristics in common such as married or divorced person, manuual workers or professionals” (1980: 515)

participant-observation method

“The participant-observation seks insight by taking part in whatever is being method” (Hortun and Hunt 1980: 26)

inter personal relationship

questionnaire

interview

observation

Selltiz 1965: 238

Phillips

Questionnaire construction as well

as interview technique will a always be something of an art” (1966: 109) Hannagan

Questionnaire creates the situation in which the respondent himsefl fills in the answers and that is which an interviewr oska the questions and records the answers

(structured (unstructured)

oped-ended

(Selltiz 1965: 238

Phillips

, “In the interview, as

well as in the experiment, the investigator should be aware of the interaction between researchers and subjects”(1966: 110)

×

formal

balcony)

observe

Moser Observation is rarely the most appropriate method for studying opinions and attitudes. There are situations where the link between opinion and behaviour is so close that observation of the latter affords a good clue to the former (e.g. observation of what goods people buy in shop) but generally direct questioning is the beteer way” (1966: 167)

Johoda et al 1965: 200

Sampling may be defined as the selection of some part of an aggregate or totality on the basis of which a judgement or inference about the aggregate or to totality is made” (1986: 78)|

it is the process of

obtaining information about an entire population by examining only part of it (ibid: 213)

(stratified sampling purposive sampling

population middle-class) class

purposive sampling

outline

lower-

interential analysis

table

graph

case-study

limitation

Bangladesh Population 1991

Bangladesh Population Cencus 1991: 36-38

BBS, 1989: 64

population

social organizations) traditional organization

modern organization

nuclear family) family)

decendent

joint

cluster

lalwal Asphor Mosque

× ×

family structure

nuclear family)

joint family)

×

×

×

×

marriage in lower class family)

×

×

× ×

educational stituation in lower class family)

×

religion in the lower class family)

housing pattern)

economic conditio

(Political attitude)

Socio-cultured function) ×

dressing)

helth conditon)

×

×

socialization)

interpersonal relationship in family)

inter relationship between social statification)

aged in the lower class family)

×

×

×

(socio-economic)t

fifth five year plane 1998: 139

population

commuter)

organization

NGO

economic)

culture)

X B.B.S 2

×

environmental

technilogical)

×

×

× ×

summary of the findings)

×

X

× ×

×

× × ×

×

×

(chenges in the lower class family) t

×

×

×

× ×

× ×

×

×

×

×

ý

×

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×

×

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