Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Energy Saving System Adil Murad, Salim Ullah, Arif Ali Shah
Laiq Hasan, Kiramat Ullah Khan, Asif Ali Khan
Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan
[email protected],
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Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan
[email protected],
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[email protected] such as, lights, fans, air conditioners and electric heaters. Our system can be programmed according to atmospheric and weather conditions e.g. in summer it would turn on the fans and in winter it would turn on the heaters. Moreover, the time difference between human detection and turning on different appliances can also be programmed. The developed system has been tested in “Riwayat Restaurant Peshawar” and “Black & Yellow Lounge Peshawar” and significant electricity saving results have been obtained.
Abstract—The energy crisis is one of the major problems faced by Pakistan at the moment. It has adversely affected the industrial growth and restrained business nourishment which in turn has affected the overall economy of Pakistan. Proper energy saving measures need to be implemented in order to reduce the energy shortfall. The proper and efficient use of energy also helps in reducing different kinds of pollution. In this paper, we have presented an intelligent power saving system, capable of saving electricity, minimizing electricity risks in workplaces, all in an automated manner. The developed system is economical and easy to install. It can be used to reduce the energy consumption of every kind of electric device in residential as well commercial buildings.
Section II briefly discusses the related work. Section III presents our design and approach. Section IV presents the the test setup and testing results. Section V is about acknowledgements and section VI concludes the paper.
Keywords—energy saving system; microcontroller; infrared sensor; human detection; light detecting resistor
I.
II.
In [1-6] the authors have presented different techniques for human detection and power saving systems. Some of these systems are inefficient in terms of human detection. Others have high unit price and consume high power for operation. The authors of [7] have presented a complex power saving system that is difficult to be installed in open places, such as, streets.
INTRODUCTION
Self-sustenance in energy is the mainstay for a country’s socioeconomic growth and development. Besides its intensive usage in domestic and industrial appliances, it is used for running all kind of vehicles. A shortfall in required energy supply directly impedes a country’s industrial, economic and agriculture growth. Energy shortfall is also one of the major reasons of unemployment and poverty and it causes exasperation in public against government. For decades, Pakistan has been facing sever energy crisis. Besides government’s efforts to overcome energy crisis by exploring all kinds of alternatives for power generation, such as, fossil fuels, hydropower, nuclear power, wind, solar and tidal , the people should also try to reduce energy shortfall by reducing energy losses. Energy losses can be significantly reduced by minimizing energy theft and inefficient use of energy. Keeping the unwanted electric appliances turned off would be a significant step in reducing the energy losses. It will also help in reducing one’s electricity bill. This paper discusses an infrared (IR) and motion sensors based intelligent and cost effective power saving system that is capable of saving electricity in an efficient and automated manner. Besides saving electricity, the presented system also reduces electricity risks. Our system works on the principle of human and motion detection. After detecting the presence of human, it takes intelligent decisions on turning on different electric appliances,
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RELATED WORK
III. PROPOSED DESIGN The designed system consists of three subsystems. A. Sensing Module It is used for sensing human presence and motion detection. It consists of IR sensors, passive infrared (PIR) sensors and light detecting resistors (LDRs). IR sensors are installed on the perimeters of places like rooms, halls, corridors and buildings. PIR sensors are used for motion detection. Some changes have been made to PIR sensors to operate them on 12V. The combination of IR and PIR sensors make the system very accurate. The LDRs have been used to differentiate between day and night timings. B. Processing Module The processing module consists of three 8051 microcontrollers, operating in master-slave organization. The
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processing module is programmable and users can adjust different features of the systems, such as, different time delays, types of electric appliances and intensity of lights, according to their requirements. The processing module receives continuous input signals from the sensing module. Upon receiving signal from IR sensors, the processing module decides whether a person is entering or leaving the perimeter of place with our installed system. The processing module also keeps track of people inside the perimeter. The PIR sensors are used for increased accuracy. With PIR sensors the processing module can turn off any desired electric appliance, already programmed by user using user interface panel, e.g. lights and television when no motion is detected for a predefined time. Similarly to turn on an electric appliance using PIR sensors signal, enough motion has to be detected. The designed system has also the ability to control the brightness and speed of appliances such as lights and fans respectively. Moreover, using LDRs the processing module will not turn on electric lights when sufficient light is already present during day time.
Table 2. shows the power consumed by Riwayat restaurant before and after installation of our designed system. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 show the comparison of power consumed before and after installation of our system. TABLE II. POWER CONSUMPTION FOR RIWAYAT RESTAURANT Time (Hours)
24
Load (Watts)
1620
Power Consumption Before System Installation (Units) 29.16
Power Consumption After System Installation (Units) 19.84
Saving (%)
31.94
C. Output Module This module consists of different relays and triacs for interfacing electric appliances with our designed system. The output module executes the commands received from processing module. The designed system consumes nominal power for its operation, as depicted in Table 1. IV.
TEST SETUP
FIGURE 2. POWER CONSUMPTION FOR RIWAYAT RESTAURANT WITH DESIGNED SYSTEM
The designed system was deployed and tested for 24 hours in two different places in Peshawar. Initially the system was installed in Riwayat restaurant Peshawar as shown in Fig 1. Riwayat restaurant’s dining hall had 36 energy savers with total power consumption of 1620 Watts. The power consumed by our designed system with respect to total power consumed by energy savers was only 0.03%. Number of electricity units consumed, according to electricity meter, before and after installation of our systems has presented encouraging results, as shown in Table 2. TABLE I. AVERAGE POWER CONSUMPTION OF THE DESIGNED SYSTEM Operating Voltage (V) 12
Average Current (mA) 0.0508
Average Power Consumption (Watt) 0.61
FIGURE 3. POWER CONSUMPTION FOR RIWAYAT RESTAURANT WITHOUT DESIGNED SYSTEM
FIGURE 1. INSTALLED SYSTEM IN RIWAYAT RESTAURANT, PESHAWR
FIGURE 4. POWER SAVINGS FOR RIWAYAT RESTAURANT WITH DESIGNED SYSTEM
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The designed system was also tested at Black & Yellow lounge Peshawar for 24 hours, as shown in Fig. 5. The black and Yellow lounge had 22 energy savers with total power consumption of 990 Watts. Power consumed by our designed system with respect to total power consumed by energy saver was only 0.06%. The electricity consumption before and after installation of our system are presented in Table III. Fig. 6, 7 and 8 shows the comparison between power consumption of Black & Yellow lounge.
energy crisis in Pakistan, our designed system is also economical for domestic and commercial use.
FIGURE 7. POWER CONSUMPTION FOR BLACK & YELLOW LOUNGE WITH DESIGNED SYSTEM
FIGURE 5. INSTALLED SYSTEM IN BLACK & YELLOW LOUNGE, PESHAWR TABLE III. POWER CONSUMPTION FOR BLACK & YELLOW LOUNGE Time (Hours)
24
Load (Watts)
990
Power Consumption Before System Installation (Units) 15.84
Power Consumption After System Installation (Units) 8.55
Saving (%)
46
FIGURE 8. POWER SAVINGS FOR BLACK & YELLOW LOUNGE WITH DESIGNED SYSTEM
V.
CONCLUSION
In this paper an effort, for reducing the current energy crisis in Pakistan by designing and developing a cost effective and intelligent power saving system, has been presented. The designed system is very accurate in human detection and it can greatly reduce the power consumption in domestic, commercial and industrial sectors. The user of the system can change different parameters of the system according to his/her needs. We are working on making further improvements to our system so that it can be more robust and work better in all kinds of environmental conditions.
FIGURE 6. POWER CONSUMPTION FOR BLACK & YELLOW LOUNGE WITHOUT DESIGNED SYSTEM
ACKNOWLEDGMENT We are highly thankful to the management and staff of Riwayat restaurant and Black & Yellow lounge for helping us in testing our designed system. We are also thankful to the staff of Department of Computer Systems Engineering, UET Peshawar in helping us in the development of the system.
The obtained results are very promising. The results show that our designed system has resulted 31.94% electricity savings for Riwayat restaurant and 46% electricity savings for Black & Yellow lounge. Besides helping in reducing the
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