2017 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)
Design and Implementation of Real Time Wireless System for Vehicle Safety and Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Mallikarjuna Gowda C P, Raju Hajare, C S Mala Department of TCE BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, India (Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
[email protected] Abstract—The proposed system aims at developing and designing a suitable system for automobile purposes using ZigBee protocols. The main problems faced in the existing system are inaccuracies in the calculation of speed, distance measurement, and slow response time, etc. The proposed system solves many of the problems faced by the existing systems by using a GPS module instead of the conventional speedometer and also uses sensors which are reliable in areas where human intervention is either unintended or where it puts life to risk. The problems of traffic congestion in urban arterials are increasing day by day and it is very difficult to handle it during emergencies. So we are developing a communication unit within the system to interact with other vehicles in order to clear the lanes. This system aims at communicating with the vehicle in its surrounding with the help of its location (i.e., using the latitude and longitude) to indicate their proximity. When these vehicles are very close in proximity the drivers are cautioned with the help of a message. In this way the drivers can communicate with each other and act according to the situation. Keywords—Traffic congestion, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, Global Positioning System, speedometer, proximity sensors, automobile, ZigBee protocols. I.
INTRODUCTION
India has one of the highest motorization growth rates in the world accompanied by poor infrastructure and a congested transport network. This has led to an increase in the number of road accidents. The death rate on the road has increased all over the world due to accidents in the recent years hence road safety has been greatly concerned [1]. To provide safety to the vehicular system as well as to the driver and to reduce the damage an accident avoidance system has been developed. Existing systems are limited in terms of application and efficiency. Vehicle safety standards are at the lowest level in India. Most vehicles do not pass these safety tests and pose great threats to the society. The proposed system aims at designing and building a system that can improve vehicle safety at an affordable price using vehicle to vehicle communication.
978-1-5386-2361-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Rakshith K R, Anuj R Nadig, Prtathana P Department of TCE BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru, India (Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
1.1. Related work and Contribution Due to more number of Vehicles on the road,the traffic congestion and transportation delay on urban arterials are increasing day by day; There is a need to respond to emergency calls with minimum delay for vehicles, such as ambulances, fire trucks and police vehicles [2]. By using vehicle-to-vehicle communication, it is possible to detect the movement and position of other vehicles [3]. Now day’s vehicles are fitted with a Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology, with which you will be able to know where the other vehicles are and other vehicles will also know where you are too, circumstances like blind spots, stopped ahead on the highway but hidden from view, around a blind corner or blocked by other vehicles. The drivers can be warned instantly by a vehicle by anticipating and reacting to changing driving situations [4-6]. The main goal of Vehicle-To-Vehicle communication technology is to aid prevent automobile crashes before they occur [7]. We propose a communication unit within the system to interact with other vehicles in order to clear the lanes. This system aims at communicating with the vehicle in its surrounding with the help of its location to indicate their proximity. When these vehicles are very close in proximity the drivers are cautioned with the help of a message. In this way the drivers can communicate with each other and act according to the situation. 1.2. Outline The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. First the proposed system model is illustrated in section II. In section III, we describe the methodology. Applications, advantages, limitations and scope for future work are presented in section IV; finally some concluding remarks are given in section V. II.PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system consists of a main unit consisting of various functional sub units where a receiver and a transmitter are placed in the main unit which sends and collects data. Major unit is the vehicle to vehicle
communication for Lane clearance during the emergency situations. The unit will interact with the nearest vehicle and sends information regarding the emergency, then vehicle which gets the message will further communicates with its nearest vehicle and so on, during the slow moving traffic and will interact with the Traffic signals to clear the lane during jammed traffic. The second sub unit is the temperature and humidity sensors. These sensors are made wireless in nature and provide real time temperature and humidity of the surroundings in regular intervals. This temperature is compared with the set room temperature; if the sensed temperature is exceeded then the cooling system of the car is activated. The third sub unit is the GPS unit which is used to calculate accurate speed, distance travelled and location of the vehicle. The GPS uses satellite technology to calculate speed, distance and location of the vehicle hence is a far superior technology to the previously existing system. The last sub unit in this system is the proximity sensors. The sensors are attached to the rear end of the vehicle. These ultrasonic sensors sense the distance to the obstacles during the reverse gear and sends data wirelessly to the main unit which is located at the driver’s side. The real time data i.e., speed of the car, distance travelled by the car, temperature and humidity of the surroundings and the distance to the nearest car are displayed on the touch screen LCD display.
Temperature and Humidity: These are additional parameters that are useful if the driver needs information for his comfort. To interface these sensors with the microprocessor and develop a user friendly interface for the touch screen display. BLOCK DIAGRAM:
2.1 RELEVANCE TO TODAY’S SOCIETY: Currently, in the most popular vehicle safety systems, the use of sensors is limited to assisting in crash avoidance in the reverse gear condition only. This does not help in reducing the number of accidents that occur on the roads of India due to over speeding, rash driving or bad infrastructure. For this, a comprehensive system is needed which can take care of all the above mentioned issues. This system must have different sensors pertaining to the different possible causes of accidents. The system proposed does exactly that. It has a GPS module which provides with the accurate location of the car and RFx240 transceivers which help in transmitting this information to other cars. III.
METHODOLOGY
The following parameters are to be analyzed: Speed: The most important parameter in vehicle safety and communication is the speed at which the car is moving. If the car exceeds the specified threshold value of speed then the driver is alerted. Distance between cars: The cars must be within a distance from each other so that communication between them can take place efficiently. Proximity to obstacles: The distance between the test car and obstacles around it is measured so that collision with these obstacles is avoided.
Fig1. Block diagram of the Proposed System The modules are connected to the Arduino board with respect to their pin configurations. When the Arduino is provided with the power supply, communication takes place between the Rfx pair with the help of the transmitter and receiver pins. The message stored in the transmitter is displayed at the receiver in the serial monitor. Simultaneously, the temperature sensor senses the temperature and if the temperature is above the threshold value the fan switches on with the help of the driver circuit. This helps in cooling the system. Now the proximity sensor senses for obstacles nearby. If the object is too close to the module the buzzer beeps to alter the driver. In this way the security of the vehicles is ensured. All these values can be displayed on the LCD screen. The three stages of development cycle are: Vehicle to Vehicle Communication module: A transceiver is used to communicate information about location and distance of the test car to the closest vehicle. A message is shown on the LCD screen if the vehicles are too close to each other. Secondary modules for vehicle safety: This involves a proximity sensor which helps in avoiding collisions during reverse gear by placing it on the rear bumper. It can also be placed on the front bumper to avoid collision in slow moving traffic. A GPS module is used which calculates the speed of the car. If the speed is exceeded a
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message is shown on the LCD screen and an alert is sounded using the buzzer. Vehicular Comfort: Humidity and Temperature sensor is used to control the interior temperature of the vehicle and it automatically triggers the cooling system if the interior cabin temperature is above the room temperature.
Functional Flow Diagram: Transmitter
Flow Chart
Receiver
Communication Using Rfx240: The RFX240 can transmit and/or receive radio signals and is optimized to provide all functionality of transmit power amplification for IEEE 802.11b/g/n applications in the 2.4 GHz frequency range. This module is based on the Zig - bee protocol and has a range of 10m to 400m and it requires minimal external components to greatly simplify RF front-end implementation.
Fig.3. RFx240 Transceivers
Fig.4: Flow chart of RFx240
Working: The Current and fixed latitude and longitude value are exchanged between the two module and the difference of both values are calculated and if the distance calculated is within the set value then message “Vehicle close” is displayed else no message. Proximity sensor using HC-SR04 with buzzer: The presence of nearby objects will be detected without any physical contact and also radiates an electromagnetic field and looks for changes in the field. The maximum distance that this sensor can detect is defined "nominal range". Due to the absence of mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object,
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these sensors will have a high reliability and long functional life.
Fig.5. Proximity sensor
and display these parameter changes on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). This is accomplished by the data communications between Arduino, LCD, DHT11 sensor Module and DC fan. It consists of three sections. i) DHT11: senses the temperature by using humidity and temperature sensor. ii) Reads the DHT11 sensor modules output and extracts temperature value into a suitable number in Celsius scale and controls the fan speed. iii) System shows humidity and temperature on LCD. Flow diagram
Mathematical Analysis
Fig.6. Mathematical analysis of proximity sensor
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X = (t1- t2) = Difference in the traveling Time. The approximate speed of sound in dry air is given by the formula: c = 331.5 + 0.6 * [air temperature in degrees Celsius]. The Pace of Sound = 1 / Speed of Sound d=(X/2) / Pace of sound, Hence distance = (Duration/2) / 29.1
Flow diagram:
Fig.8. Flow chart of DHT11
Working: The Sensor reads the ambient temperature of the cabin. If the temperature is greater than room temperature then the microcontroller triggers the cooling system and temperature is displayed on the LCD screen. Speed and location calculation Using GPS U-blox G7020: In this sub-unit we will get both the speed of the vehicle, as well as the location of the vehicle from latitude and longitude. Along with which the date and time can also be obtained. Once these data are collected, it will be restructured into a format in which the information is displayed through the screen, and the user will be alerted with the help of LED lights. Flow diagram
Fig.7. Flow chart of HC-SR04
Working: Using Sound waves the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle is calculated. If the sensed distance less than the threshold distance an alerting system is invoked and distance is displayed on the LCD Screen. Temperature sensing using DHT-11 with fan: DC fan speed is controlled according to the cabin temperature of the vehicle
Fig.9. Flow chart of U-BLOX - G7020
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV. 4.1. APPLICATIONS: Vehicle Safety: Highest priority is set in most of the developed countries for vehicle safety and it is motivated by the increasing number of accidents on roads due to the increasing number of vehicles. Comfort for the Driver and Passengers: We can increase the comfort of the driver by switching on the cooling system when the interior car cabin temperature exceeds the room temperature. 4.2. ADVANTAGES: Improves Traffic Management: The schedule of traffic lights may be varied based on the congestion of vehicles. Law enforcement officials can use this technology to broadcast directions to drivers in real time. Driver Assistance: It may help with parking by providing information about the other vehicles nearby. Collision avoidance: the driver is made aware of a potential car crash with appropriate time. Low cost: The inexpensive wireless connections and the use of RFx240 transceivers. It is an affordable full-duplex transceiver which is new to the market and has Quick response time. 4.3. LIMITATIONS: Depending upon the vehicle model and complexity of the system, it is estimated that the cost of installing V2V communication system in the vehicle would be in the range of 100 USD to 200 USD. 4.4. SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK
The system implemented is solely a warning system; it is not involved in the mechanics of the vehicle. A feedback can be provided to the vehicle such that if the vehicles are too close, the vehicle automatically applies brakes or changes lanes. The data from the test vehicle (Ex: Ambulance) can be transmitted to the central hub of the traffic signal at an intersection. This will cause the traffic light to switch from red to green, thus allowing the ambulance to move quickly. IV.
This work has been partially supported by the Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology, Student Project Proposal 40th series (40S_BE_1514). REFERENCES [1]
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CONCLUSION
The wireless system for vehicle safety and communication is designed to ensure that the road safety measures are enhanced with a simple module and inter-communication between vehicles during emergency on the roads to pave way for immediate exit. The speed limit indication would help the driver/rider conduct to the safety regulations. The intercommunication between vehicles would provide better lane discipline and response to emergency situations. This system would display the information in a refined manner through the screen, instead of only with LEDs, also counting with a buzzer. The driver can toggle between any of the information like speed, temperature and humidity, distance travelled, proximity distance, time and date using touch screen.
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